Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Peter Scott

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0199, written 26 May 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report26 May 2016
Reference2016-0199
DeceasedPeter Scott
CoronerHeidi Connor
Coroner areaNottinghamshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Community health care and emergency services related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published4

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

ANNEX A 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Richard Henderson, Chief Executive, East Midlands Ambulance Service 

NHS Trust (‘EMAS’) 

2.  Simon Stevens, CEO, NHS England 
3. 
NHS Hardwick CCG 
4.  Jim Mackey, CEO NHS Improvement 
5.  The Rt Hon Earl Howe, Dept of Health 

1 

CORONER 

I am Heidi Connor, assistant coroner for the coroner area of Nottinghamshire. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 25 February 2016, I commenced an investigation into the death of Peter Scott, aged 
78. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 18 May 2016. The 
conclusion of the inquest was natural causes. The medical cause of death was : 

1a Hypovolaemic shock 
1b Rupture of a dissection of the thoracic aorta 
2  Ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mr Scott suffered an aortic dissection at home on 3 December 2015. Mr Scott had a 
pendant which he wore around his neck, and he and he used this to summon help via 
Nottingham City Homes (‘NCH’). NCH contacted EMAS at 01.34 hrs. EMAS was told 
that Mr Scott had fallen, was in pain, and was on the floor. The call was prioritised as 
Green 2, and as such, the target was to reach him within 30 minutes. 

In fact, the call was allocated to a double-crewed ambulance at 0342 hrs, and they 
arrived on scene at 0356 hrs. The arrival time was almost 5 times longer than the target 
time. 

We heard evidence that EMAS had invoked a Capacity Management Plan (‘CMP’) (level 
4) at this time, and as such, lower priority calls (including this one) were taking longer to 
respond to.  

We also heard that NCH should have re-contacted EMAS between 11 and 15 minutes 
after the first call, to advise that Mr Scott had become unresponsive. EMAS evidence 
was that the call would then have been prioritised as Red1 or Red 2, with a target 

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 response time of 8 minutes. Given the resource issues and CMP in place at that time, it 
is not possible to be certain when an ambulance would have arrived if the call had been 
re-prioritised. 

I found it unlikely, on the balance of probabilities, that earlier ambulance attendance 
would have changed the outcome for Mr Scott. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows : 

I remain very concerned about resource issues for this ambulance service. I raised 
similar concerns in a Prevention of Future Deaths Report in the case of MG, dated 11 
May 2016. 

We heard evidence from a senior manager at EMAS during the inquest. I asked the 
service to advise me to what extent they had had to invoke Capacity Management Plans 
in the last 12 months. I was advised that EMAS has had to invoke such a Plan (to at 
least level 3) for 9 out of the last 12 months. 

The issue in this case and that of MG was essentially a matter of resource. In essence, I 
found that there is only so much an ambulance service can do where they simply do not 
have an ambulance to send. Demand is clearly greater than the resources they have 
most of the time, given that a CMP has been in place for 75% of the last 12 month 
period. 

I am very concerned that this poses a serious risk to the public served by this 
ambulance service. We heard also that recruitment is an ongoing problem – which may 
be exacerbated by the huge demand placed on its employees by this resource issue. 

Finally, I was made aware that one of the key problems in ensuring ambulance 
availability is delayed handover of patients at hospitals. I believe the trust is already 
working to improve this, and I include EMAS in this report in this respect only. Other 
recipients of the report are required to respond with regard to matters of resourcing only. 

1.  I consider that there is a risk of future deaths as set out above unless an urgent 

review of resources is undertaken. 

2.  Consideration should be given to strategies to improve handover times at 

hospitals.  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 22 July 2016. I, the coroner, may extend the period. A response is expected 
from each of the recipients, although the coroner may accept a joint response from 
recipients 2 to 5, provided it is clear that all have agreed this. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons :  

1.  Family of Mr Scott 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

26 May 2016                                       H.Connor 

3

Responses

4 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from East Midlands Ambulance Service (PDF)
NHS Trust

Emergency Care | Urgent Care | We Care

Trust Headquarters

1 Horizon Place

Mellors Way

Nottingham Business Park
Nottingham

NG8 6PY

Telephone: 0115 884 5000
Fax: 0115 884 5001
Website: www.emas.nhs.uk

21 June 2016

Ms Heidi Connor

HM Assistant Coroner
Nottinghamshire
Office and Main Court
The Council House
Old Market Square
Nottingham

NG1 2DT

Dear Ms Connor
Re: Report to Prevent Future Deaths: Peter Scott (DECEASED)

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths, dated 11" May 2016, bringing to my
attention the Coroner's concerns arising from the inquest into the death of Peter Scott.

| would like to assure you that within the East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) all matters related to
patient safety are taken extremely seriously. In particular, any matters arising from Coroners Inquests
from which lessons can be learnt, and this includes any Prevention of Future Deaths notices, are
discussed within the Coroners Working Group. The Coroners Working Group having considered all the
relevant issues of concern relating to the particular inquest will develop an appropriate action plan with
specified timelines and identified individuals to deliver the actions specified.

This process has been applied to the Prevention of Future Death notice pertaining to the inquest into the
death of Peter Scott.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

1. (I consider) that there is a risk of future deaths as set out above unless an urgent review of
resources is undertaken.

2. Consideration should be given to strategies to improve handover times at hospitals.

Taking the concerns in turn, | set out the actions we have taken and our response to HM Coroner’s
concerns in the PFD notice.

The Care Quality Commission report recognised that EMAS has been working really hard to improve
response times to emergency calls. However there are concerns that ultimately relate to the lack of
resource (staff and vehicles), made worse by the numbers often kept waiting at hospital, and lack of
capacity to do things as quickly or as well as they should be.

East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS)

NHS Trust

Emergency Care | Urgent Care | We Care

EMAS has taken the CQC findings seriously and value the additional support from other NHS
organisations following the CQC Quality Summit. With their input EMAS can progress areas that cannot
be fixed quickly, or that are not within EMAS’ immediate control.

Following extensive negotiations an agreement has been reached with all commissioners for the EMAS
2016/17 Accident and Emergency 999 contract. The final position is for a one year block contract with a
value of £152.5 million.

A key part of this year’s contract is the agreement to carry out an independent strategic demand,
capacity and price review to look at the level of staff and vehicles needed, along with finance, to respond
to increasing demand on the service. EMAS and the clinical commissioning groups have agreed to
implement the outcomes of the review, and this should ensure EMAS is able to meet demand.

Despite funding challenges during 2015/16, EMAS proactively recruited and educated 350 whole time
equivalent (wte) frontline posts against a recruitment plan target of 342. However, a higher level of
turnover was experienced compared to that forecast (11% against a target of 8%). EMAS continues to
recruit to the frontline again this year.

Through exit interviews, EMAS monitors the reason for staff leaving. From those interviews the top
reasons are (in order of priority):

1. Lack of opportunity/career progression/further training
2. Work life balance
3. Better pay

To address this, EMAS has produced a new People Strategy to develop and support our staff to be
highly skilled, motivated, caring and compassionate professionals.

Hospital handover is the time it takes Emergency Department staff to accept a clinical handover from
ambulance crews, thereby releasing them to respond to other 999 calls (Note: national target for this is
15 minutes). Hospitals are not able to accept a prompt clinical handover when they are experiencing
high demand or a large influx of patients arriving at the same time.

The Care Quality Commission inspection at EMAS in November 2015 and findings published in May
2016 brought focus to the seriousness of the hospital handover delays experienced over the last year.

Delays result in patients waiting on the back of ambulances, or in hospital corridors whilst their care is
supervised by ambulance crews. While the ambulance supervision is being provided it prevents crews
from being able to respond to new 999 calls that have been received. This means patients in the
community experience a delay in response and this is of concern.

The delays impact on staff wellbeing and morale because they can increase shift length and increase
anxiety levels when crews know calls are waiting to be responded to, or when they know they will be first
on scene having to explain a lengthy delay.

They also impact on ambulance resourcing across the region, as vehicles and crews move across
county boundaries to assist where there are delays. This takes crews away from their usual operating
area and has a corresponding impact on the ability for the ambulance service to use resources
efficiently.

That is why EMAS continues to escalate the problem and work with regulators, commissioners and
acute hospitals, as well as and the wider health and social care system to try to improve the situation.

Actions taken by EMAS in particular at the LRI includes:

East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS)

NHS Trust

Emergency Care | Urgent Care | We Care

e Daily contact and working with hospital teams and clinical commissioning groups to
improve patient experience and reduce delays

e Increased number of paramedics based at hospitals to support their teams with the triage
of patients and flow through the department

e Anew booking system has been introduced with priority patient assessment to ensure the
most ill patients are seen promptly when delays are being experienced

These measures have allowed progress and improvements to the average handover times; however
there is still more work to do to ensure the improvements continue on a sustainable basis, and that there
is a continued reduction in long waits.

| would also like to make a comment with particular regard to the work that EMAS has undertaken with
the acute hospitals in Nottinghamshire.

Prior to March 2016 EMAS used a Radio Frequency Identity (RFID) system to record the hospital
handover time cycle. The system required a small tag to be attached to the ambulance stretcher and the
electronic patient report form Toughbook. When either device passed through the doors at Queens
Medical Centre (QMC), Nottingham a record was generated which allowed for monthly statistics to be
produced. RFID proved difficult to manage as the device had to be matched to a vehicle, should the
stretcher or Toughbook be swapped onto another vehicle, the produced data could be erroneous. The
data provided was not real time therefore delays could not be challenged at the time.

Since March 2016 the QMC has engaged with EMAS to install Ambulance arrival screens. Unlike RFID
which used electronic tags the ambulance arrivals screen uses a simple touchscreen interface based on
a webpage. This new process provides real time data to both QMC and EMAS which allows both to see
delays as they happen, thus ensuring mitigating plans can be actioned rapidly. Ambulance arrival
screens display the number of vehicles inbound to QMC, those that have arrived, awaiting handover and
where the handover is complete. The handover requires both the handing over and receiving clinician to
input an individual PIN which ensures an accurate time stamp enabling the delays within the ambulance
turnaround process to be identified and acted upon.

Illustration of QMC Arrival Screen

East Midlands Ambulance Service
; Ambulance Arrivals
Queens Medical Centre Campus Hospital 33 % 97.77 % 13 mins 10 mins 22.25 mi
2

3 8

Last Updated: 15:28

Call Number Callsign Type Call Received As Status Time/ETA Elpsd Pats Facility
29 8411 | EMG | 21D03 Dangerous Haemorrhage Notified 15:20, 8) 1 Emergency Dept
8916 | EMG | 30B01 Traumatic Injuri ssibly Dangerous Body Area | Notified 15:06) 22)  1| Emergency Dept

8420 EMG | DX0162 Transport to ED w/in 1 hr Handover 15:07 21 1) Emergency Dept

Call Number Callsign Type Call Received As Status Time/ETA Elpsd Pats Facility
8375407 8913 EMG | 33IFT Priority 1 IFT transfer Inbound 0 Mi 1 mins 1 Emergency Dept

8375376 8419 | EI 1C0 Unconscious or Fain! ~ Alertwith Abnormal-Brea | Inbouhd 3 Mi 6 mins 1| Ethergency Dept
8375425 2412 8CO1 Headache and Not Alert Inbound 3 Mi 7 mins 1) Emergency Dept

When delays are identified the Division will, where possible, allocate a Team Leader manager to act as a
local Hospital Ambulance Liaison Officer (HALO). The role is to work with the hospital management team
to ensure that ambulances are not delayed at hospital any more than necessary.

East Midlands Ambulance Service INHS|

NHS Trust

Emergency Care | Urgent Care | We Care

The Division has reintroduced monthly meetings with both QMC and commissioners to identify
improvements that can be made to further improve the ambulance turn round cycle time.

Since April 2015 Nottinghamshire Division has increased the available hours for both Double Crewed
Ambulance (DCA) and solo Fast Response Vehicles (FRV). This is through the recruitment of staff and
realignment of rosters to match increased demand.

Table 1 Resourcing comparison April 2015 and April 2016

DCA Filled Hours FRV Filled Hours

April 2015 34252 8606
April 2016 36487 9478
Increase 2235 872
Percentage Increase 6.52% 10.13%

| trust that this has answered all of the issues from your Prevention of Future Deaths Notice, but please
do not hesitate to contact me if there is further information which is required

Yours sincerely

Richard Henderson
Acting Chief Executive
Response from Hardwick CCG (PDF)
Hardwick Clinical Commissioning Group 

CCG Headquarters 
Scarsdale 
Nightingale Close 
Off Newbold Road 
Chesterfield 
Derbyshire 
S41 7PF 

Tel: 01246 514000 
                                                                                                                                Fax: 01246 514166 

BY EMAIL 

5th July 2016 

Ms Heidi Connor 
Her Majesty’s Assistant Coroner  
Nottinghamshire 

Dear Ms Connor 

Regulation 28: Report to Prevent Future Deaths in the case of Peter Scott 

This letter sets out the response of NHS Hardwick Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) to your 
regulation 28 report dated 26th May 2016. You have raised the following point: 

1.  I consider that there is a risk of future deaths as set out above unless an urgent review of 

resources is undertaken 

I would like to assure you that Hardwick CCG, on behalf of the 22 CCGs across the East Midlands 
region, works closely with East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) NHS Trust to ensure that 
they have sufficient resources to respond to patients in a timely manner. 

Response 

1.  There is a risk of future deaths as set out above unless an urgent review of resources is 

undertaken 

Within the 2016/17 emergency ambulance contract CCGs have committed to undertake a jointly 
commissioned external strategic review focussing on capacity and demand in order to support 
delivery of an efficient ambulance service delivering performance across the region, with the 
outputs from the review being implemented over a three year period. 

There are a number of key outcomes expected from the strategic review: 

  An accurate analysis of current demand and capacity taking into account the issues 

identified within the recent CQC notice 

  An analysis in relation to current operational efficiencies covering, but not limited to, skill 

 

mix, fleet configuration and current delivery model 
Identify the resource implications in terms of overall staffing and vehicles in order to deliver 
against national performance targets.  This analysis would also determine any increases in 
staffing required to maintain performance and will detail the required front-line operational 
roles, and quantities, to operate the model. 

Chairman: Dr Steve Lloyd                                                                                            Chief Officer: Andy Gregory 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 As part of the 2016/17 emergency ambulance contract settlement, Commissioners have provided 
additional funding to support EMAS to undertake further recruitment to increase their front-line 
establishment in order to ensure resources are available to respond to emergencies in a timely 
manner. The contract agreed is a block contract, which gives a year of financial certainty in relation 
to income, to give EMAS the confidence and ability to implement the necessary changes to 
delivering a timely response to all patients across the East Midlands. 

The additional funding has enabled an expansion of the Clinical Assessment Team (CAT) who can 
provide clinical support and telephone assessment to support the management of patients through 
Hear & Treat where appropriate, thus releasing that resource to respond to patients with more 
serious clinical need that require immediate treatment or transport. 

The additional funding will also support an increase in the numbers of front-line staff, thus 
increasing the resource available to respond to patients who require a face to face response. 

Commissioners are actively working with EMAS and acute providers to reduce the number of 
patients who are waiting to have pre-clinical handover, thus releasing crews to be available to 
respond to other emergencies who require an ambulance response. 

I trust this response addresses the point you have raised but I will be happy to discuss this further 
should you require. 

Yours sincerely 

Andy Gregory 
Chief Officer 
Hardwick Clinical Commissioning Group  
(On behalf of NHS Hardwick CCG as Coordinating Commissioner for East Midlands CCG’s)   

Chairman: Dr Steve Lloyd                                                                                            Chief Officer: Andy Gregory
Response from NHS England (PDF)
Heidi Connor

Assistant Coroner for Nottinghamshire
HM Coroner's Service

The Council House

Old Market Square

Nottingham

NG1 2DT

Dear Ms Connor,

INHS

England

Professor Sir Bruce Keogh
National Medical Director
Skipton House

80 London Road

SE1 6LH

RECEIVED
14 JUL 2016
KM

IZ July 2016

Regulation 28: Report to prevent future deaths concerning the death of

Peter Scott

Thank you for your Section 28 report concerning the death of Mr Peter Scott. |
would like to express to the Scott family my deep sympathy and sadness at the

death of Mr Scott.

Your report references the need to review the resources available to the East
Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (“EMAS”), and to consider strategies to
improve handover times at hospitals. NHS England would like to make the
following observations in response to the specific concerns you have raised at

Section 5:

1. The need for an urgent review of resources to reduce the risk of

future deaths

The need to review the resources available to EMAS has been recognised

locally. The responsible

commissioners,

NHS Hardwick — Clinical

Commissioning Group (“CCG”), on behalf of 22 CCGs across the East
Midlands, have committed to jointly undertake an external strategic review of
capacity and demand with EMAS. The review, which was agreed as part of
the 2016/17 contract between EMAS and CCG commissioners, will consider
a wide range of issues including the current delivery model, staffing issues

and vehicle numbers.

It is expected that the strategic review will provide an accurate analysis of the
current demand and capacity issues facing the service, and will address
many of the findings of the recent Care Quality Commission (“CQC”) Quality
Report into services provided by EMAS (published May 2016).

The 2016/17 contract settlement also provided additional funding to EMAS in
order to increase front-line staffing with the intention of improving ambulance
response times. It is also intended that services should be further improved
by an agreed expansion of the existing Clinical Assessment Team (“CAT”) as

High quality care for all, now and for future generations

treat a greater proportion of patients safely without conveying them to
hospital. This will free up both ambulance service and emergency
department resources.

| trust that this response addresses the concerns you have raised. | am grateful
to you for bringing these matters to my attention. | know that the commissioners
of the service (the CCGs) and the regulator of the Trust (NHS Improvement) are
working closely with the EMAS to help them to bring about further improvements.

Yours sincerely,

Professor Sir Brute Keogh KBE, MD, DSc, FRCS, FRCP
National Medical Director
NHS England

High quality care for all, now and for future generations
Response from NHS Improvment (PDF)
Wellington House 
133-155 Waterloo Road 
London SE1 8UG 

T:  020 3747 0000 
E:  nhsi.enquiries@nhs.net 
W: improvement.nhs.uk 

25th July 2016 

Mrs Heidi Connor 
Assistant Coroner for Nottinghamshire 
Nottinghamshire Coroner's Service 
Organisation & Transformation 
The Council House 
Old Market Square 
Nottingham NG1 2DT 

Dear Mrs Connor 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

I refer to your email of 26 May in which you enclosed a Prevention of Future Deaths 
Report you issued following the death of Mr Peter Scott. 

I was very sorry to learn of the death of Mr Scott and the circumstances that led to it.  
NHS Improvement takes cases such as these very seriously and I would like to offer 
you  the  assurance  that  we  are  already  working  with  the  East  Midlands  Ambulance 
Service  NHS  Trust  and  other  partner  organisations  to  address  the  issue  of 
resourcing and to improve response times to emergency calls. 

You may be aware that the Care Quality Commission published a report on 10 May 
2016  which  recognised  that  the  trust  has  been  working  really  hard  to  improve 
response  times  to  emergency  calls,  however  the  report  highlighted  concerns  that 
ultimately  relate  to  the  lack  of  resource,  both  staff  and  vehicles.    The  trust  has 
already been taking steps to address the resourcing concerns.  In 2015/16, the trust 
carried  out  a  significant  recruitment  campaign  and  educated  350  whole  time 
equivalent frontline posts. 

NHS Improvement is the operational name for the organisation that brings together Monitor, NHS Trust Development Authority, 
Patient Safety, the National Reporting and Learning System, the Advancing Change team and the Intensive Support Teams. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In  the Annex  attached  to  this  letter,  I  have  set  out the  steps  the  trust  is  taking  and 
continues  to  take  in  addressing  the  resourcing  shortage  and  improving  response 
times to emergency calls. 

Yours sincerely 

Jeffery Worrall 
Portfolio Director (Midlands & East) 

Enc. 

NHS Improvement is the operational name for the organisation that brings together Monitor, NHS Trust Development Authority, 
Patient Safety, the National Reporting and Learning System, the Advancing Change team and the Intensive Support Teams.

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