Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Nuala Seddon

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0034, written 6 Feb 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report6 Feb 2017
Reference2017-0034
DeceasedNuala Seddon
CoronerR Brittain
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Professor Marcel Levi, Chief Executive, University College London Hospitals 
NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH), 235 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BU 

1 

CORONER 

I am R Brittain, Assistant Coroner for Inner London North. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

Nuala Seddon died on 7 April 2016, from the consequences of hypoxic brain injury which
resulted from an episode of cardiac arrest on 27 November 2014. A pre-inquest review
hearing was held in August 2016 and the inquest into Mrs Seddon’s death was concluded
on 3 February 2017. I recorded a narrative conclusion, which is attached.  

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mrs Seddon was admitted to Whittington Hospital in November 2014 with a recurrence of
a left-sided pneumothorax. She was transferred to UCLH’s Heart Hospital (a hospital
which has now been transferred to Bart’s NHS Trust). The intention was for her to undergo
a procedure to treat the air leak which had caused the pneumothorax and also address the
risk of future recurrence. Unfortunately the procedure was unsuccessful and resulted in
tracking of air under the skin (‘surgical emphysema’) and a further pneumothorax on the
right-hand side.  

Mrs Seddon was admitted to ITU at the Heart Hospital and improved to a certain extent.
On 27 November 2014 the initial decision, after the morning ward round, was for her to
remain under the care of ITU. However, between 4-5pm that day it is clear that she was
discharged to ward-based care. The rationale for this discharge is unclear as no
documentation was available to explain the change in plan. The potential was raised by
the ITU consultant that discharge resulted from a non-clinical manager’s decision because
of pressure on bed spaces. There was no evidence this was the case and ultimately the
clinicians who gave evidence at the inquest were satisfied that the decision to discharge
Mrs Seddon to the ward was reasonable.  

After arriving on the ward Mrs Seddon had observations performed which warranted a
review by ITU outreach nurses (as was planned in any event). They were satisfied that the
trend of these observations was in keeping with Mrs Seddon’s known history. However,
the nursing plan was for increased observation, to include attempting to institute telemetry
and moving Mrs Seddon to a bed which was more visible from the nursing station. No

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 telemetry was available and, before the plans for moving beds could be undertaken, Mrs
Seddon was found to be unresponsive and in cardiac arrest.  

She was successfully resuscitated but the period of cardiac arrest resulted in hypoxic brain
injury. I heard evidence that the level of monitoring undertaken on the ward more than
minimally contributed to the development of the brain injury. 

Despite transfer to ITU, initially at the Heart Hospital and subsequently at the Whittington
Hospital Mrs Seddon’s condition did not substantially improve. Plans were put in place for
transfer for neurorehabilitation but she developed a terminal episode of pneumonia which,
despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics, resulted in her death on 7 April 2016. 

At the pre-inquest review hearing in August 2016 I requested a statement from the ITU
consultant involved in the discharge decision on 27 November 2014 and from the nursing
staff involved in monitoring Mrs Seddon after discharge from ITU on this day. The deadline
for receipt of these reports was in October 2016. A comprehensive and helpful statement
was received from the Consultant a few days before this inquest resumed on 1 February
2017. At this point no evidence was available from the ward nursing staff. Thankfully I was
able to conclude the inquest on 3 February 2016 after the attendance of the ward nurse
was secured through contact with her by UCLH on 2 February. I heard evidence that this
was the first time she had been made aware of the inquest into Mrs Seddon’s death and
that she had not provided any input or statements for any internal investigation into the
circumstances of Mrs Seddon’s arrest and subsequent death.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths may occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The 

MATTERS OF CONCERN

 are as follows –  

(1) It seems clear that a decision was made to transfer Mrs Seddon from ITU on 27
November 2014. There remains the potential that this decision was made by
non-clinical staff. The lack of documentation regarding this significant decision is
concerning and leaves open the possibility that future discharges could be based
on non-clinical need or inappropriate decision-making which is not subsequently
able to be scrutinised because of a lack of documentation. 

(2) The lack of both telemetry and direct nursing visualisation raises a concern that
patients who are discharged from the highest level of clinical care on ITU are then
exposed to significant risk of unrecognised deterioration, owing to a lack of
appropriate monitoring. This potentially remains the case even though the Heart
Hospital has now transferred to be part of Barts NHS Trust, as the hospital at
Westmoreland Street still operates as part of UCLH.  

(3) The ward nurse who was caring for Mrs Seddon at the point of her arrest was not
involved in any debrief or significant event investigation. This raises a concern that
there was a lack of appropriate investigation into Mrs Seddon’s arrest. Future
deaths could occur if the hospital Trust is not able to identify and address patient
safety issues because of this failure to investigate appropriately.   

 6  ACTION COULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action could be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe that the
addressee, has the power to take such action.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
​
​
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 3 April 2017. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner, Mrs Seddon’s family, Barts NHS
Trust and the Care Quality Commission.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response,
about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

6 February 2017  

Assistant Coroner R Brittain 

3
Also filed under 2017-0034: Seddon-2017-0034a.pdf
REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Alwen Williams, Chief Executive, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London 
Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London. E1 1BB 

1 

CORONER 

I am R Brittain, Assistant Coroner for Inner London North. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

Nuala Seddon died on 7 April 2016, from the consequences of hypoxic brain injury which
resulted from an episode of cardiac arrest on 27 November 2014. The inquest into Mrs
Seddon’s death was concluded on 3 February 2017. I recorded a narrative conclusion,
which is attached.  

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mrs Seddon was admitted to Whittington Hospital in November 2014 with a recurrence of
a left-sided pneumothorax. She was transferred to UCLH’s Heart Hospital (a hospital
which has now been transferred to Bart’s NHS Trust). The intention was for her to undergo
a procedure to treat the air leak which had caused the pneumothorax and also address the
risk of future recurrence. Unfortunately the procedure was unsuccessful and resulted in
tracking of air under the skin (‘surgical emphysema’) and a further pneumothorax on the
right-hand side.  

Mrs Seddon was admitted to ITU at the Heart Hospital and improved to a certain extent.
On 27 November 2014 the initial decision, after the morning ward round, was for her to
remain under the care of ITU. However, between 4-5pm that day it is clear that she was
discharged to ward-based care. The rationale for this discharge is unclear as no
documentation was available to explain the change in plan. The potential was raised by
the ITU consultant that discharge resulted from a non-clinical manager’s decision because
of pressure on bed spaces. There was no evidence this was the case and ultimately the
clinicians who gave evidence at the inquest were satisfied that the decision to discharge
Mrs Seddon to the ward was reasonable.  

After arriving on the ward Mrs Seddon had observations performed which warranted a
review by ITU outreach nurses (as was planned in any event). They were satisfied that the
trend of these observations was in keeping with Mrs Seddon’s known history. However,
the nursing plan was for increased monitoring, to include attempting to institute telemetry
and moving Mrs Seddon to a bed which was more visible from the nursing station. No
telemetry was available and, before the plans for moving beds could be undertaken, Mrs

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Seddon was found to be unresponsive and in cardiac arrest.  

She was successfully resuscitated but the period of cardiac arrest resulted in hypoxic brain
injury. I heard evidence that the level of monitoring undertaken on the ward more than
minimally contributed to the development of the brain injury. 

Despite transfer to ITU, initially at the Heart Hospital and subsequently at the Whittington
Hospital Mrs Seddon’s condition did not substantially improve. Plans were put in place for
transfer for neurorehabilitation but she developed a terminal episode of pneumonia which,
despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics, resulted in her death on 7 April 2016. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths may occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The 

MATTERS OF CONCERN

 are as follows –  

(1) I heard evidence from the ward nurse that concerns regarding lack of available
telemetry remain a current issue at the Heart Hospital (which is now part of Barts
NHS Trust). This raises a concern that patients who are discharged from the
highest
level of clinical care on ITU are then exposed to significant risk of
unrecognised deterioration, owing to a lack of appropriate monitoring.  

 6  ACTION COULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action could be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe that the
addressee, has the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 3 April 2017. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the
timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner, Mrs Seddon’s family, UCLH NHS
Foundation Trust and the Care Quality Commission.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response,
about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

6 February 2017  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
​
​
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Assistant Coroner R Brittain 

3

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