Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Dianne Macrae

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0193, written 16 Jun 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report16 Jun 2017
Reference2017-0193
DeceasedDianne Macrae
CoronerAnne Pember
Coroner areaNorthamptonshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published4

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

See Narrative in section 3.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken, in the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.
The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. -

1)  Mrs Macrae was admitted to the Woodlands Hospital Kettering on 1

June
2016 for routine left lumbar L4/L5 decompression and discectomy under the
care of a specialist neurosurgeon. Whilst in recovery her blood pressure
dropped on occasion. She was cared for by attending anaesthetists but her
attending spinal surgeon was not asked to attend. Those caring for Mrs Macrae
did not consider internal haemorrhage as a cause of her instability.

2) Ail persons having care for a patient having undergone a similar elective spinal
surgery should be aware that internal haemorrhage is a rare but recognised
complication of this surgery.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I  believe you AND/OR
your organisation, have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 

August 2017. 1, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I  have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons:-.

1.  MDU Solicitors
2.  Bircham Dyson Bell Solicitors
3.  Capsticks
4.  BLM Solicitors
5.  Kennedy's Solicitors
6. 

Similarly, you are under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response.

[DATE] 

[SIGNED BY CORONERl
Also filed under 2017-0193: Dianne-Jane-MACRAE-2017-0193.pdf
REGULATION 28 REPORT ON ACTION TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Royal College of Anaesthetists
Royal College of Surgeons
Department of Health
Nursing and Midwifery Council
Kettering General Hospital
Woodlands Hospital

CORONER

I am Anne Mary Christine Pember, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Northampton.

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

I  make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 23"' June 2016 an Investigation was commenced into the death of Dianne Jane
MACRAE. The investigation concluded by way of inquest on 17"^ and IS'" May 2017.
The medical cause of death was:-

1a) Multi organ failure

b) Haemorrhage
c) left common iliac trauma related to spinal surgery 1

June 2016

A narrative conclusion was given as follows:-
Dianne Jane Macrae was admitted to the Woodlands Hospital Kettering on 11*" June
2016 for elective spinal surgery. The surgery was uneventful.

Whilst in recovery she had dips in her blood pressure. She was cared for and treated by
attending anaesthetists. Her Consultant Spinal Surgeon was not contacted in a timely
fashion and not asked to attend.

Her haemoglobin level was not obtained.

Those caring for Mrs Macrae did not consider internal haemorrhage as a cause for her
instability. Her condition deteriorated.

She was conveyed to Kettering General Hospital where she underwent further surgery.
It was found she had suffered trauma to her left common iliac artery during the earlier
surgical procedure.

She was confirmed deceased at Kettering General Hospital on 13"' June 2016 at 16.25
hours. She died as a consequence of a rare but recognised complication of surgery.

Responses

4 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health (PDF)
T; 
E: 

W: www.gov.uk

Department
of Health

Office of the Chief Medical Officer 
Richmond House 
79 Whitehall
London SW1A 2NS 

Our reference:

Your reference:

Mrs A Pember
MM Senior Coroner Northamptonshire
110 Whitworth Road
Northampton
NN14HJ

Wednesday 30'^ August 2017

Thank you for your letter of 14 June 2017 about the death of Mrs Dianne Macrae.

I  was very saddened to read of the circumstances surrounding Mrs Macrae's death. Please pass
my condolences to her family and loved ones.

I  have noted very carefully the conclusion of the inquest and the areas of concern you have
detailed. I can appreciate how distressing these circumstances must be for Mrs Macrae's family.

Your concern is that those involved in the management of patients undergoing similar elective
spinal surgery are aware that internal haemorrhage is a rare but recognised complication.

You also issued your Report to the Royal College of Surgeons, the Royal College of Anaesthetists
and the Nursing and Midwifery Council and I am advised that they have replied to you on this point.
I  hope their replies have been helpful.

I  am advised that the Royal College of Surgeons has brought your concern to the attention of the
Society for British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS) and the British Association of Spinal Surgeons
(BASS), who have written to their members. The SBNS and BASS have recommended a number
of learning  points including  increasing  patient awareness of the risk  of major vascular injury:
educational learning for all  staff involved in this area of surgery; and ensuring there are clear
arrangements in place for access to urgent vascular imaging and acute services.

I am further advised that the Royal College of Anaesthetists is taking action to increase awareness
of the possibility of concealed haemorrhage resulting from spinal surgery through patient safety
bulletins, e-learning and other educational material.
Response from Nmc (PDF)
Anne Pember 
HM Coroner for the County of Northampton 
10 Whitworth Road  
Northampton 
NN1 4HJ  

11 August 2017  

Dear Madam 

Re: Dianne Jane MACRAE (deceased) – Letter to prevent future deaths 

Further to your report to prevent future deaths made under Paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of 
the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and Regulation 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013, I am writing to provide you with our response.  

I note your concerns about the need for all persons caring for a patient undergoing 
routine lumber decompression and discectomy to be aware that internal haemorrhage is 
a rare but recognised complication of surgery. I also note that no concerns have been 
raised about the conduct of any individual nurse involved in the care provided to Mrs 
Macrae.  

We are the UK regulator of registered nurses and midwives. Our principal functions are 
to establish the standards of education, training, conduct and performance for nurses 
and midwives and to ensure their maintenance. Our overarching objective is to protect 
the public, including by promoting and maintaining both proper professional standards 
and public confidence in the professions we regulate.  

We are currently undertaking a wholesale review of our education standards, including 
the pre-registration standards of proficiency that nurses must meet before being 
registered with us. We intend that these new standards of proficiency for registered 
nurses will include specific standards relating to patient assessment and the 
management of patient deterioration.  We are undertaking a full public consultation on 
the draft standards, which is due to conclude on 12 September 2017, following which 
we will carefully review the feedback we receive from our stakeholders before finalising 
the standards. We will also take into account the concerns you have raised in your 
report about complications of surgery.  

Please note that as there are currently about 612,274 nurses and midwives on our 
register working in many different areas of practice across the UK, it is not our usual 
practice to issue specific clinical advice to nurses and midwives about individual cases.  
Such clinical advice  may be more appropriately raised by relevant employers or on 
occasion by the Department of Health,  NHS England ( or the NHS leadership in the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 devolved administrations) , or the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 
(NICE).  We will be sharing our response with the Department of Health. 

If you have any further concerns arising from this case which you consider fall within the 
NMC’s regulatory remit and which I have not addressed in this letter, please do not 
hesitate to contact me again. 

Yours faithfully 

Jackie Smith 
Chief Executive and Registrar 

Page 2 of 2
Response from Royal College of Surgeons (PDF)
FROM THE PRESIDENT

Mrs A Pember
HM Senior Coroner for Northamptonshire

110 Whitworth Road
Northampton

NN14HJ

Royal College
of Surgeons

ADVANCING SURGICAL CARE

8 August 2017

Dear Mrs Pember,

1 am writing in response to your letter dated 16 June 2017 regarding an inquest held on 17 and 18
May 2017 and the Regulation 28 report you enclosed. It was saddening to learn of the death of Mrs
Macrae following elective spinal surgery but I thank you for sharing this Information with us.

The College has followed your direction to consider what actions it could take to try to help to
prevent future deaths of this kind. We have shared your letter with our colleagues In the Society
for British Neurological Surgeons (SBNS) and the British Association of Spinal Surgeons (BASS) and
discussed with them how best to do this. The Presidents of SBNS and BASS have jointly prepared a

letter to send to their members, highlighting a number of learning points.

I  have enclosed a copy of this letter for you information.

Yours Sincerely

President, Royal College of Surgeons

The Royal College of Surgeons of England
35-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields

London WC2A3PE

T:  020 7869 6009
E: president@rcseng.ac.uk
W; www.rcseng.ac.uk

Registered Charity No. 212808

 «S«

iI

BASS

British Association of Spine Surgeons

31st July 2017

To all BASS and SBNS members and trainees

Dear Colleagues

In response to a recent regulation 28 Coroner's report concerning major vascular damage
during lumbar discectomy, we are writing to confirm the position of the SBNS and BASS in
relation to the awareness and management of this rare and recognised event.
It is recognised that this event occurs rarely with an incidence of approximately 1-4000
cases, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

We recommend:

1.  That during the consent procedure for lumbar discectomy the risk of major vascular

injury is disclosed and discussed.

2.  Regular educational programmes to emphasise that the risk of major vascular injury

anterior to the vertebral column should be considered within the differential
diagnosis of peri/post operative hypotension during or after apparently
straightforward lumbar discectomy . This should involve all staff engaged in the
assessment and management of patients undergoing spinal surgery.

3.  We recommend that all providers of spinal surgery have clearly agreed and

established protocols for the provision of the appropriate access to urgent vascular
Imaging and acute vascular services, so that in the rare event of a major vascular
injury during lumbar discectomy, expeditious access/transfer to these services are
present.

SBNS President

A/B.

President BASS

Sodety of British Neurological Surgeons at The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 35-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PE
Tel: 020 7869 6892 Fax: 020 7869 6888 E-mail: admln@sbns.org.uk Web: www.sbns.org.uk

Registered Charity Number 1119431  VAT No. 983 8235 78 A Limited Company registered In England and Wales Number 5879644
Response from Woodlands Hospital (PDF)
WOODLAND
HOSPITAL

Woodland Hospital
Rothwell Road, Kettering

Northants NN16 8XF
T: +44 (0)1536 414 515

F: +44(0)1536 412 155

www.woodlandhospital.co.uk

Mrs A Pember

HM Coroner for the County of Northampton

110 Whitworth Road

Northampton

NN14HJ

8^ August 2017

Dear Madam

In response to your Regulation 28 letter to prevent future deaths following the Inquest touching the
life of DIanne Jane Macrae, notwithstanding your previous Indication that Woodland were not
required to respond. For completeness, I can confirm the hospital has considered and taken action
for each point of cause for concern you have raised, this includes but is not exclusive to the following

action.

The hospital has reflected on the case at Clinical Governance Committee, and will
reiterate the findings and conclusion of the Inquest at the next Medical Advisory
Committee, 20'^ September 2017.

The case and the learning points were also discussed at the theatre team meeting,
and will be included at a reflective learning session in the next three months, which

is led by Matron.

As standard practice now since this tragic outcome, if an anaesthetist or surgeon is
re-called to the hospital, both Consultant Surgeon and Consultant Anaesthetist are
asked to attend. The Senior Management Team (SMT) who provide on call support
24/7 are all very clear on this and ensure this happens  as part of the escalation
process for any deteriorating patient, or when a Consultant is asked to return to the

hospital.

The new Matron is in the process of establishing a multi-disciplinary deteriorating
patient committee where cases are discussed, to establish learning from incidents

and near misses, the findings will also be published in the new "Clinical Matters"

staff and Consultant Newsletter.

Ramsay Health Care UK Operations Limited
Registered Office; 1 Hassett Street, Bedford. MK40 IHA
Registered in England No. 1532937

People caring for people

www.ramsayhealth.com

 •  The spinal neuro surgeons and Consultant anaesthetists working at the hospital are
very aware of this case and now have a high suspicion to exclude post-operative
internal  bleeding. The holistic  learning from this case will  be shared  with  all
Consultants following  the  Medical  Advisory  Committee  meeting  on the  20*''
September 2017 via our Consultant Newsletter.

•  A bed side Haemocue machine has been installed in recovery, to allow patient
bedside testing of haemoglobin by recovery staff.  This enables recovery staff to
initiate this test as part of their observations to inform attending clinicians of the
haemoglobin level in the instance of a deteriorating patient.

•  An emergency skills drill was undertaken in recovery in May 2017, and a programme
of such drills is  being rolled out through the clinical areas involving Consultant

Anaesthetists.

The hospital would like to reiterate their condolences to the family of Dianne Jane Macrae, and
confirm that the action in  relation to the matters of concern that you have raised  have been
addressed as outlined above. If you require any further information please do not hesitate to

contact me.

Kind regards.

Yours sincerely

General Manager

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