Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

David Lee

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0432, written 28 Jun 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report28 Jun 2017
Reference2017-0432
DeceasedDavid Lee
CoronerJulie Robertson
Coroner areaManchester North
CategoryCommunity health care and emergency services related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

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Our services:
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NHS 411 North West

Ambulance Service

NHS Trust
Her Majesty's Assistant Coroner Robertson Headquarters
Office of HM Coroner Ladybridge Hall
The Phoenix Centre 399 Chorley New Road
L/Cpl Stephen Shaw MC Way (formerly Church Street) Heaton, Bolton
Heywood BL1 5DD
OUI AL Tel: 01204 498400
29 August 2017 www.nwas.nhs.uk

Dear Ms Robertson
REGULATION 28 REPORT - DAVID MICHAEL LEE

| write further to your letter dated 28 June 2017 enclosing a Regulation 28 Report issued at the conclusion of
the inquest touching upon the death of David Michael Lee, which took place on 21 June 2017.

| hope to be able to address your concerns, as set out in Section 5 of the Regulation 28 Report, namely:

That the call was inappropriately terminated and that this may continue in the future. That there was a
missed opportunity to escalate the urgency of the requirement for medical assistance due to the call being
terminated. Since the call guidance has not been circulated to members of call handling staff regarding in
what circumstances it is appropriate to terminate call and when a call handler should, as a matter of best
practice, remain on the line with the patient. Such guidance was circulated twice prior to the deceased’s
death but was not adhered to on this occasion. That there has been no training given to staff since the
deceased's death to address when it is appropriate to terminate calls with patients.

| am advised that on 18 February 2017 at 06:00, NWAS received an emergency call to attend

The call came from Mr Lee himself and he told the call handler that
he had taken an overdose of 200 Nytol tablets approximately 25 minutes previously. The call handler
established that Mr Lee was 45 years old and that this was an intentional overdose. In answer to the call
handler’s questions, Mr Lee said that he was not violent and he did not have a weapon. It was also established
that Mr Lee was completely alert but was not breathing normally. Mr Lee described his breathing as '...just
starting to slow down’. The call was coded as a Green 2 response, which in line with the Medical Priority
Dispatch System (MPDS) requires a face to face response as soon as practicable.

The NWAS call handler stayed on the line with Mr Lee and he told her that he had suffered from depression
and this had become worse recently. During the call, Mr Lee said that he felt drowsy and felt that he could not
breathe properly. At 06:30, the call taker told Mr Lee that she needed to hang up to take another call and that
help had been arranged. She also advised Mr Lee to call back if anything changed.

At 07:13, emergency ambulance call sign A424 was allocated to Mr Lee and arrived on scene at 07:23. On
arrival, the crew from A424 called the Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) to advise that the door to the
property was open but that there was a dog present and they were therefore unable to go inside. The resource
dispatcher called Mr Lee’s telephone number back but there was no reply.

At 07:31, A424 called EOC again to advise that they had entered the property and found Mr Lee in cardiac
arrest and asked for a backup vehicle. Rapid Response Vehicle (RRV) R423 was allocated immediately. A
further RRV, R459, was also allocated at 07:32. R423 called EOC to advise that Mr Lee was deceased and to
request Police attendance.

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Headquarters: Ladybridge Hall, 399 Chorley New Road, Bolton, BL1 5DD

Chairman: Wyn Di ~s INVESTOR: , See = ; nian ;
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Chief Executive: Derek Cartwright QAM

| am advised that at the inquest, EOC Deputy Sector Manager Angela Lee gave evidence to the Coroner that
the emergency call had been audited and it had been established that it had been processed correctly based
on the information given to the call taker and the correct response code was obtained. The call taker stayed
on the line with Mr Lee for 30 minutes, however due to Mr Lee telling the call taker that he was starting to feel
drowsy, the call taker should have stayed on the line with him until the emergency ambulance arrived. Ms Lee
confirmed in evidence that this was an individual error and that the call taker has undertaken a reflective
learning exercise in order to identify the error made and reflect on her practice for the future.

Ms Lee advised the Coroner in evidence that the Trust issue guidance ‘CDE-NW0025 - Staying On The Line’
to all call takers as to the circumstances in which a 999 call can be terminated prior to attendance of a
clinician. Ms Lee confirmed that this guidance is circulated periodically as there is a balancing act to be sought
in ensuring that call takers are not overly cautious with regards when a call can be terminated, thus resulting in
them staying on the line with callers for longer than is necessary and preventing them from being released to
answer further emergency calls. Ms Lee confirmed that the guidance had not been circulated since this
incident, but had been circulated prior, and reassured the Coroner that this would be recirculated following the
conclusion of the inquest to reinforce the practice of when emergency calls can realistically be terminated.

Following the inquest the Trust have revised the relevant guidance in respect of incidents where call takers
should remain on the line and have circulated this to all EOC Supervisors, with the following key points
emphasized as direct learning from this case:

e First party callers who are not alert cannot be disconnected after 10 minutes. The call takers should
remain on the line.

e Second party callers can only be disconnected where there are no changes to the patient’s condition
AND there are no breathing problems at all.

EOC Supervisors have subsequently conducted one to one briefings with all call takers in all three EOC’s to
discuss the guidance and ensure that the practice of terminating calls is fully understood. All call takers are
required to provide their signature to confirm that they have read and understood the guidance and its use.

A copy of the revised Guidance ‘CDE-NW0025 - Staying On The Line’ is attached to this letter for you.

To ensure that the guidance is re-circulated to all call takers at appropriate periodic intervals, the Trust’s
Operations Director has also put in place a system whereby he will be periodically reminded to request that the
EOC Management team complete the above recirculation process, thus ensuring all call takers are regularly
reminded of the practices regarding call termination.

To ensure further Trust wide learning, the Trust’s Legal Department are to produce a case study based on this
incident and the appropriate use of call terminations, which will be used in scheduled training
sessions/workshops across all EOC’s for new and existing call takers; again to reinforce the practices that
should be followed in situations such as this.

| am very sorry that you had cause to issue this Regulation 28 Report and | would like to take this opportunity
to emphasise that | do take your concerns very seriously. | hope that | have responded to your concerns and
reassured you of the work that the Trust has undertaken to ensure that similar incidents are avoided in the
future.

Should you have any further questions arising from the contents of this letter, please do not hesitate to contact
me.

DEREK CARTWRIGHT
Chief Executive Officer
Also filed under 2017-0432: David-Lee-2017-0432.pdf
REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. NWAS
CORONER
I am Julie Robertson, Assistant Coroner for the Coroner area of Manchester North
2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS
I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroner’s and Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28
and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013
3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST
On the 11 May 2017 I commenced an investigation into the death of David Michael Lee.
I concluded this inquest on 21 June 2017 and found that there was a missed opportunity to
escalate the deceased’s call to 999 by NWAS. I also found that NWAS should not have terminated
the deceased’s call because in between the call ending and the ambulance attending at the
deceased’s home address the deceased became unconscious and died.
4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH
The deceased was found unresponsive at his home address on 18 February 2017 and fact of
death was confirmed by paramedics when they arrived. An ambulance was called by the deceased
at 6 am but did not arrive at the deceased’s address until 7:23 am. The deceased’s call with 999
was terminated by NWAS approximately 30 minutes into the call to enable to call handler to attend
to other calls. However, after the call ended the deceased became unconscious and life was
extinct prior to the arrival of NWAS. In terminating the call there was a missed opportunity to
escalate the response that the deceased requmired.
The deceased died from the consequences of diphenhydramine toxicity and had taken a
considerable quantity of this drug just prior to death. He made this known to NWAS during his 999
call and the NWAS call handler was aware that the deceased was alone and that he, therefore,
would not be able to call back if he became unresponsive and if his condition worsened, which
subsequently happened.
5 CORONER’S CONCERNS
During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion there is
a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to
report to you.
The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
That the call was inappropriately terminated and that this may continue in the future.
That there was a missed opportunity to escalate the urgency of the requirement for medical
assistance due to the call being terminated.
Since the call guidance has not been circulated to members of call handling staff regarding in what
circumstances it is appropriate to terminate call and when a call handler should, as a matter of best
practice, remain on the line with the patient. Such guidance was circulated twice prior to the
deceased’s death but was not adhered to on this occasion.
That there has been no training given to staff since the deceased’s death to address when it is
appropriate to terminate calls with patients.
6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe each of you respectively
have the power to take such action.
7 YOUR RESPONSE
You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely 23 August
2017. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.
Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
8 COPIES and PUBLICATION
I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons namely:-
The family of the deceased.
I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.
The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from. He may send a
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it usefulor of interest. You may make
representations to me the coroner at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your
response by the Chief Coroner.
g Date: I Signed:

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