Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Elaine Bradbrook

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0044, written 14 Feb 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report14 Feb 2018
Reference2018-0044
DeceasedElaine Bradbrook
CoronerHeidi Connor
Coroner areaNottinghamshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUnited Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Mr J Sobieraj,Chief Executive, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am Mrs Heidi Connor, assistant coroner for the coroner area of Nottinghamshire. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 1 August 2017 I commenced an investigation into the death of Elaine Bradbrook.. 
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 11 January 2018. The 
conclusion of the inquest was natural causes. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

I was asked to refer to the deceased as Elaine during the inquest, and I reflect that 
request in this report. 

Clinical background 

Elaine Bradbrook suffered a severe stroke on 21.4.17. Onset of symptoms was around 
10.30. She was admitted to Pilgrim Hospital, Boston, Lincolnshire at 11.48. She was 
quickly scanned and Alteplase was started at 12.18. Her condition was monitored in line 
with the trust’s protocol for the first 24 hours after administration of the drug. At 12.30, 
her GCS was recorded as 13. This was the last recorded GCS. Her NEWS was 2. Her 
next observations were due at 16.30. 

In fact, a set of NEWS observations was recorded at 14.00. I found it likely that these 
were recorded before 16.30 because staff caring for her were concerned about her 
condition. Her NEWS at 14.00 was 6. This was partly because of a drop in blood 
pressure, but also because her level of consciousness dropped. She was recorded as 
being responsive only to pain at that time. The evidence of the neurosurgery witness 
was that it is likely that her GCS was around 9 or 10 at that time. 

The NEWS score alone should have triggered review by a doctor. There is no evidence 
that this happened. Neurosurgeons in Nottingham were contacted at around 2pm. I 
found it likely that this call was triggered by the finalised report of a routine head CT 
(done at 10.00, with final report available at 13.43, suggesting urgent neurosurgical 
review), rather than by the NEWS Score. This is because :  

  The GCS (and its exact EVM components) given to Nottingham matches that 

recorded at 12.30. It is unlikely that her GCS was 13 or 14 by 14.00. 

  There was no increased monitoring after 14.00, which is likely to have been 

suggested after a clinical review at that time. Indeed, there is no evidence of any 
further monitoring or review after 12.30 that day. 

The clear recollection of ambulance staff who arrived to transfer Elaine at 15.26 was that 
she was GCS 4 and remained so throughout the journey to Nottingham. Nursing staff at 
the hospital told ambulance crew that Elaine had been vomiting and had required 

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 suction. Despite this, Elaine was handed to ambulance staff for transfer in a very deep 
coma, without protection of her airway, without escort, and without review by an 
anaesthetist or indeed any other doctor, after her deterioration on the afternoon of 22 
April. Hospital staff administered Ondansetron before she left. It is likely that they knew 
that the ambulance technician and trainee technician sent to transport her could not 
intubate her. 

Surgeons in Nottingham were surprised at Elaine’s condition on arrival. A craniectomy 
procedure was nevertheless carried out. This showed massive brain swelling. She died 
at Queen’s Medical Centre on 27 April 2017. Her cause of death (following PM) was : 

1a Ischaemic stroke 
1b Atherosclerosis 

I accepted the evidence that it was unlikely that Elaine would have survived even with 
different management, given the severity of her stroke. My focus in issuing this report is 
on the safety of other patients for whom these matters could make a difference. 

Investigation and inquest management by the Lincolnshire Trust  

Complications arose before the inquest, when the only witness who provided a 
, consultant stroke physician) booked a foreign trip a number of 
statement 
weeks after his summons was sent to the trust. The medical director was involved, and 

 kindly agreed to change his plans. 

Unfortunately, he booked a flight for the second day of the inquest, and asked to leave 
early that day, leaving no representative from the trust to hear the conclusions, which 
raised serious concerns about the management at Lincolnshire. 

In Dr Jergovic’s defence, he had never attended an inquest in the UK before. The trust 
was aware that he was due to attend a 2 day inquest, but sent no representative or 
supporter from the trust to assist him. Witnesses from East Midlands Ambulance Service 
NHS Trust and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust both attended with 
representatives from their respective legal services departments, despite the fact that 
the Lincolnshire trust was the only Interested Person (other than family). 

The trust legal team was asked repeatedly to send the witness (doctor) who had been 
responsible for the patient just before her transfer to Nottingham. We were told that was 

. He gave evidence that he was not involved that day – he could only give 

evidence based on the records. 

 (consultant neurosurgeon from Nottingham) gave evidence that the 
Lincolnshire trust was made aware of concerns about her transfer to Nottingham. The 
trust has confirmed (when we asked them) that there has been no internal investigation 
of these matters. 
adduced no evidence of either an awareness of the issues arising from this inquest, nor 
any steps to reduce the risk for similar patients in future. 

 said he was not aware of any investigation. The trust 

It is suprising that 
employs him, and that the trust has not investigated the circumstances of this case 
before now. The trust has a duty of candour, which appears to have been overlooked. 

 appears not to have had any support from the trust which 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. My concerns are : 

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a.  There was a failure to escalate and act on Elaine’s deteriorating 

condition from at least 14.00 on 22 April 2017, when her NEWS was 6, 
and her GCS is also likely to have dropped. 

b.  There was a failure to record a single GCS after 14.00, when her level 

of consciousness dropped. I found no evidence of any clinical or nursing 
review after this time. 

c.  There was a failure to discuss Elaine’s condition with neurosurgeons in 
Nottingham again before she was transferred to Nottingham, when it 
was clear that her condition had deteriorated significantly. 

d.  There was a failure to reduce the risks during transfer – a patient with a 
GCS of 4 and a history of vomiting was handed over to ambulance staff 
with an unprotected airway and without clinical review, or escort. 
e.  The trust appears not to have appreciated the significance of these 

issues. It has not carried out any internal investigation, nor contacted 
Elaine’s family in line with its duty of candour. I am concerned that there 
has been no opportunity for learning within the trust, following these 
serious failures. 

f.  The trust’s procedure for carrying out High Level Investigations and 
Serious Untoward Incident Investigations should be reviewed. 
g.  The trust legal services team did not send the witness (doctor) 

responsible for reviewing Elaine shortly before transfer, as requested. It 
sent no representative or supporter with 
being an Interested Person. There was no representative in attendance 
to hear the conclusions which raised serious concerns.  

, despite the trust  

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion, action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you / your 
organisation have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 11 April 2018. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons :  

1.  Elaine’s family 
2.  Legal services team at United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust 
3.  Legal services team for NUH 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

14 February 2018                                           H.J.Connor 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust (PDF)
NHS

Excellence in rural healthcare . . .
United Lincolnshire

Hospitals
NHS Trust

Office of the Medical Director
Dr Neill Hepburn, Medical Director (GMC No 2855408) Trust Headquarters
Email: neill.hepburn@uth.nhs.uk Tel; 01522 573850 Lincoln County Hospital

Or Richard Andrews, Associate Medical Director (GMC No 3172313) Greetwell Road
Email: richard.andrews@ulh.nhs.uk Tel: 01522 573179 Lincoin

LN2 5QY
Dr Gurdip Samra, Associate Medical Director (GMC No 3180655)
i; gurdip. @ulh.nhs. : .
Email: gurdip.samra@ulh.nhs.uk = Tel: 01205 445338 Tel: 01522 573978

Dr Matthew Dolling, Director of Medical Education & Training
Email: Director. Education&Training@ulh.nhs.uk Tel: 01522 573846
PA to Medi H _
Email
www.ulh.nhs.ul

Mrs H Connor

HM Assistant Coroner Nottinghamshire 9" April 2018

The Council House

Old Market Square.
Nottingham NG1 2DT

Dear Mrs Connor

| write on behaif of the Chief Executive in response to your Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths,
following the inquest into the death of Mrs Elaine Bradbrook.

The Inquest process is managed Legal Services Manager and | understand that she provided
you with a statement in November outlining the problems that occurred in this particular case due to a
communication issue between your office and the Trust. Due to this breakdown in communication, the usual
procedures were not triggered in the Legal Services Department. The Legal Services Manager is a member
of the SI (serious incident) Group which meets weekly and any issues arising from inquest reports or early
indications from the Coroner or other hospitals (as in this case), would have been picked up and addressed at
that meeting. The Legal Services Manager and her team work closely with the Risk Team in linking up SI
investigations and inquests and | am sorry this did not happen in this particular case.

It is usual practice for the Legal Services Manager to ensure that staff are adequately supported through the
inquest process either meeting her or with the Trust's legal representatives, if instructed. Indeed, this is a
large part of the role of the Department. [am sorry this did not happen in this particular case. | am confident
that there are processes in place in the Legal Services Department to ensure requests are dealt with in a
timely manner and staff are adequately supported, when notified.

| agree that there are clear learning points from this case and | have asked the Risk Team to commence an SI
investigation to review the care and submit an action plan, as necessary. | will of course share this with you
and the family once complete.

The Trust recognises that the SI process at that time was poor. However we have, in the last 12 months,
made significant improvements to our SI process and this incorporates training across the Trust on
undertaking SI investigations. This process is being overseen by me and the Director of Nursing and we
currently have in post an Interim Director of Governance who is leading on this project. Our new Risk
Manager also commenced in post in February 2018.

Whilst this is very much a work in progress, | hope you will be assured that the Trust is striving towards a much
improved SI process.

Yours sincerely

Dr Neill Hepburn MBAYMD nage
Medical Director (GMC 2855408)

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