Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

Venkata Kagga

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0068, written 7 Mar 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Mar 2018
Reference2018-0068
DeceasedVenkata Kagga
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: Chief Executive of NHS England, Chief Investigating
Officer for the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch, Secretary Of State for Health,
Secretary of State for business and the Chief Executive for the Royal Society for
Prevention of Accidents.
CORONER

lam Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of South Manchester

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 |
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 14" July 2017 | commenced an investigation into the death of Venkata Naga
Lakshyasri KAGGA. The investigation concluded on the 28" February2018 and the
conclusion was one of:

Narrative: Died on 9th July 2017 from the recognised complications of an accidental
ingestion of a button battery prior to 30th June 2017. She had been unwell in the
intervening period and was seen on 4 occasions by doctors and on one occasion by
ambulance staff but the presence of the battery was not established until post
mortem.

The medical cause of death was;

1a) Haemorrhagic shock due to massive hematemesis;

1b) Oesophageal arterial fistula on a background of an aberrant right subclavian artery;
1c) Oesophageal erosion from swallowed battery

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH
On 30th June 2017 at 01:14 hours, Venkata Kagga’s parents were concerned about her i
health and called the 111 service. The call was referred to the out of hours service and‘
advice was given to her parents. On 1st July 2017 her parents remained concerned

about her and a further call was made to the 111 service. She was referred to the out

of hours GP service.

On 1st July 2017 at 13:36 she saw a GP who examined her and referred her to the
paediatric assessment unit (POAU) at Wythenshawe Hospital. At the unit she was
examined by a paediatrician who diagnosed tonsillitis and discharged with antibiotics.

On 6th July 2017 her parents took her to see a GP concerned about health. The GP

examined her and was concerned about the seven day history of temperature. She
referred her to the POAU at Wythenshawe hospital.

At 17:20 Venkata and her family arrived at the POAU. The booking in process was not
followed. Observations were not taken. The medical records were not completed.
Venkata was not examined. The Doctor spoke with Venkata’s father and decided to
issue a further prescription for antibiotics without examining Venkata. The
documentation stated that she could not get the antibiotics from the GP. This is not
what was recorded in the GP letter.

Venkata and her family returned home. On 9th July 2017 at 09:44, her father called
999. He called because his daughter had reported being unable to see. An ambulance
was dispatched. The crew arrived at 09:54 hours.

Venkata was lying on a mattress with her mother. The crew carried out a limited
assessment of Venkata. North West Ambulance Service (NWAS) policy requires all
under 5’s to be taken to hospital for specialist assessment. This did not happen.

At 18:13 on 9th July 2017 a 999 call was made. At 18:18 North West Ambulance Service
staff were at the scene. Venkata was making no respiratory effort and there was no
palpable pulse. She was transferred to Stepping Hill Hospital where attempts to
resuscitate her were unsuccessful.

Post mortem examination showed that a button battery was lodged in her oesophagus
and had eroded the oesophageal wall causing an oesophageal arterial fistula leading to
her death.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

1. The button battery was likely to have come from a remote control. Button

batteries once ingested can lead to catastrophic consequences for a child. They
are used with increasing frequency in every day household devices which are
often easily accessible by children. The remote control had no safety feature to
prevent a child having easy access to the battery without the parents
knowledge. Risks of button batteries to small children are not widely
understood, Whilst there are precautions in place for children’s toys similar
precautions are not in place for commonly used household devices, which can
easily be accessed by small children.

2. NHS England issued a safety alert across the NHS in December 2014 relating to
button batteries. During the inquest it was clear that the impact of that alert
had lessened over time across the Trusts involved. The Trusts involved in the
inquest had taken steps to highlight and reinforce the safety alert amongst
their workforce but no such national work had taken place.

3. NWAS had a policy in place in relation to children under 5 that was not
followed. Work had been carried out within NWAS subsequent to the death to
reinforce the importance of young children been seen by paediatricians. Similar
work had not occurred nationally.

4. The Hospital’s POAU did not follow their system on 6th July and the Doctor on
6" July did not undertake an examination. This was not picked up by the Trust
until an internal investigation post death. There was not at the time an audit
system in place to ensure that systems in the POAU were being complied with.
It is unclear if other POAUs will have audit systems to allow them to pick up on
noncompliance with a recognised system.

5. The importance of carrying out a full assessment of a child or documenting fully
why it was not carried out on 6" July was not recognised by the medical staff
involved.

6. NWAS staff partly based decision making on 9" July on subjective assessment,
which was not value checked with those who knew Venkata. The risks around
subjective assessments particularly with young children with no basis on which
to make a value comparison did not appear to be fully understood

7. The 111 service obtained detailed accounts of the history of illness. However
systems for sharing information across the NHS are such that this information
was not shared beyond the OOH GP service.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion, action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have
the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 2 May 2018. i, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons namely EN father of the deceased who may find it useful or of
interest.

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

19 | Alison Mutch OBE

HMC Senior Coroner
07/03/2018

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Hsib (PDF)
Wednesday, April 25, 2018 

Alison Mutch OBE 
HM Coroner 
Manchester South  

Dear Ms Mutch,  

Thank  you for contacting  the  HSIB regarding  the  tragic  death  of  Venkata  Naga  Lakshyasri  Kagga. 
The concerns you have raised are profound; we offer our sincere condolences to the family.  

The  HSIB  was  established  to  investigate  a  range  of  systemic  safety  issues  that  cut  across 
organisational boundaries. We undertake up to 30 investigations a year and focus on those with the 
most potential for new learning that have taken place since our inception on 1 April 2017.  

Upon  receiving  your  Regulation  28  letter  dated  8  March  2018,  we  reviewed  the  content  of  your 
report  in  detail.  We  have  also  sought  advice  from  a  prominent  subject  matter  expert  and  NHS 
Improvement.  To  fully  examine  whether  the  case  meets  our  criteria  for  investigation,  we  have 
launched  a  scoping  exercise,  which  will  involve  collecting  further  details  about  the  incident  and 
conducting  a  short  literature  review. We  intend  to  keep  you  informed  as  our  information  gathering 
proceeds.  

Thank you again for contacting us.  

Yours sincerely,  

Chief Investigator, HSIB

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