Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Michael Flynn

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0008, written 10 Jan 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report10 Jan 2019
Reference2019-0008
DeceasedMichael Flynn
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: The Chief Executive of Tameside
General Hospital.
CORONER

| am Alison Mutch ,Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of South
Manchester

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners
(investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 17" July 2018 | commenced an investigation into the death of
Michael William Flynn. The investigation concluded on 8" January 2019
and the conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from ischaemic heart
disease following an elective surgical procedure where it was not
recognised that he required clinical review, and the Early Waming Score
(EWS) policy was not followed.

The medical cause of death was 1a Ischaemic heart disease;
1bCoronary artery atheroma ;II_ Left total hip replacement , Anaemia,
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hypertension

Michael William Flynn underwent an elective hip replacement operation at
Tameside General Hospital. He required a blood transfusion during the
operation. In recover his Early Warning Score (EWS) was not recorded.
On arrival on the ward his EWS was 11. It steadily improved and at 09:40
on 13th July 2018, was 2. Subsequent EWS recording was carried out
although the regularity required under the Trust's policies was not |
complied with. A fluid balance chart was requested. It was not completed
as required under the Trust policy. On 15th July 2018 his EWS was 5 -
subsequent monitoring that day did not take place in accordance with the |
Trust policy. On 76th July 2018 at 06:10 his EWS was 2. A further score
should have been recorded 4 hours later. At 12:00 his next EWS was

| recorded at 5. The Trust escalation policy was not complied with. There

was no review of Michael Flynn. By 21:00 on 16th July 2018 his EWS
was 6. He had not been seen by a consultant since his operation and
there had been no escalation on that day. At 22:00 and 00:00 his EWS
was recorded at 6 and 5. These did not incorporate his blood pressure
which is not documented. At 04:50 his EWS was 10. He then went into
cardiac arrest and died at Tameside General Hospital on 17th July 2018.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving
rise to concern. In my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths will occur
unless action is taken. In the circumstances, it is my statutory duty to

report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —
The inquest heard that

1. There was no monitoring of Mr Flynn's EWS in the post operative
recovery area. Observations were taken randomly but not
incorporated into an EWS. Trust policy was that this should have
happened. Staff dealing with Mr Flynn therefore were unaware of
his EWS scores. On arrival at the ward his initial score was 11
under the EWS system .He arrived with a standard care plan.

2. The trust had a clear protocol regarding monitoring and trigger
points for regularity and escalation in relation to EWS. Whilst Mr
Flynn was a patient on the orthopaedic unit the Trust policy was
not adhered to. For example the inquest heard that in the 18 hours
preceding his death he did not see a doctor and he was not
reviewed despite the EWS scores requiring this to happen.

3. His final two EWS scores did not include all relevant information
despite a visibly clinically deteriorating position. His penultimate
EWS was recorded at midnight. That was five (and did not include
blood pressure). A further score should have been taken 15-30
minutes later. It was not and no further scores were taken for a
further 4 hours and 50 minutes. At 04.50 his score was recorded at
10. He then became unresponsive.

4. He was only seen by a Doctor when a crash call went out and not
in the period when there was a deteriorating clinical picture
contrary to the Trust policy.

5. The ward was staffed by ward doctors throughout the day but
there was no documeniation to suggest communication between
the ward doctors and nursing staff in relation to Mr Flynn and his
deteriorating picture

| 6. Mr Flynn was not seen by a consultant after he left the post
| operative area. A ward round should have taken place the day

after his operation but did not take place because the consultant
was otherwise engaged. No arrangements were made for it to be
rearranged.

7. There was no evidence that the consultant had communicated with |
staff about Mr Flynn or that the relevant registrar had reviewed Mr
Flynn on visits to the ward.

8. The inquest was told that the nursing notes indicated that drs had
been asked to review Mr Flynn but that this was not reflected in the
clinical notes. When requested reviews documented in the nursing
notes did not happened there was no evidence of further
escalation.

9. The trust had an ICU out reach team whose role was to support
units such as the orthopaedic unit. However the team was not
available when contacted due to staffing issues. Alternative
escalations routes were not explored.

10.A fluid balance chart was requested and fluids prescribed. It was
not completed fully and in particular the necessary calculations to
understand Mr Flynn's fluid position were not made. The trust
policy was not followed regarding completion. The doctor who saw
Mr Flynn on the morning of 16" July 2018 prescribed further fluids
without reference to the fluid charts.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion, action should be taken to prevent future deaths and |
believe you have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE
You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date

of this report, namely by 7" March 2019. |, the coroner, may extend the
period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain
why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following
Interested Persons namely Mrs Graveley Family of the deceased, The
healthcare Safety Investigation Branch and The Secretary of State for
Health who may find it useful or of interest.

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your
response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Alison Mutch OBE
HM Senior Coroner
10.01.2019

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Tameside and Glossop Care NHS Trust (PDF)
NHS

Tameside and Glossop

Integrated Care
NHS Foundation Trust

Karen James

Chief Executive Officer
Silver Springs
Fountain Street
Ashton-under-Lyne
Lancashire

OL6 9RW

a 0161922 ~

1 March 2019

Ms. Mutch OBE

HM Coroner's Office
The Coroner's Court
1 Mount Tabor
Stockport

SK1 3AG

Dear Ms. Mutch

Regulation 28: Report to prevent future deaths, following the Inquest touching upon the death
of Michael Flynn

| am writing in respect of your letter dated 10 January 2019, and enclosure in the form of a Regulation
28 Report issued following the Inquest touching upon the death of Michael! Flynn, which concluded on
8 January 2019. | hope to be able to address the concerns raised in Section 5 of your report and set
out below my response.

You stated that ‘you were concerned that there was no monitoring of Mr. Flynn's NEWS in the post-
operative recovery area. Observations were taken randomly but not incorporated into a NEWS score.
Trust Policy was that this should have happened. Staff dealing with Mr. Flynn therefore, were
unaware of his NEWS score. On arrival to the ward, Mr. Flynn’s initial score was 11 under the NEWS
system. Mr. Flynn arrived with a standard care plan’.

| understand from the Trust investigation into Mr. Flynn's care and management, that Mr. Flynn was
monitored in the recovery area for approximately two hours and the decision to transfer him to the
ward area was made with anaesthetic agreement, as his condition was stable.

The Matron for Theatres has confirmed that when a patient is in the recovery area post operatively,
vital signs are continuously monitored using electronic monitoring systems that are set to record
measurements electronically. The expectation is that observations are initially recorded and
documented at 5-minute intervals. If a patient remains in recovery for longer than one hour, and
observations are stable, the frequency is reduced to 15-minute intervals; however, the patient
continues to be monitored with one to one nursing continuously during this time.

These observations should be recorded in the post-operative recovery chart, which is incorporated
into the anaesthetic record. Post-operative recovery does not follow the Trust NEWS escalation
process as the patients are continually monitored and the associated anaesthetist is

ESE disability

Everyone ‘

ers.

is [a*] confident. Chief Executive - Karen James. wW ‘in| - BY
EMPLOYER Chair = Jane McCall

NHS}

Tameside and Glossop

Integrated Care
NHS Foundation Trust

immediately available if required. However, there is an expectation that documentation is completed. |
am disappointed to hear that this did not occur in the case of Mr. Flynn.

Additionally, | understand the recovery discharge document was not completed prior to the transfer.
This should include the NEWS score before transfer from recovery to the ward, and in this case, the
final NEWS score was not recorded. | acknowledge that this is unacceptable and am sorry that on this
occasion documentation fell below the expected standard. | am advised the Matron for theatres has
met with and provided feedback to the individual staff members involved in the post-operative
recovery period with respect to completing the appropriate documentation.

For your further assurance, your concerns were raised and discussed directly with clinical teams at
the Theatre team meeting on 29 January 2019. | am informed that the Matron for Theatres
subsequently issued a memo to all theatre nursing staff detailing the concerns raised and the
expectations on staff of ensuring recovery documentation is comprehensive and complete and that
optimal NEWS scores are achieved prior to transfer of patients to the ward, or increased NEWS
scores escalated appropriately to the anaesthetist prior to transfer.

The Matron for Theatres has also provided assurances that an audit of recovery documentation has
been commissioned to provide evidence of compliance and continuous monitoring.

With respect to your concern regarding staff on the ward being unaware of Mr. Flynn's NEWS score
on his transfer from recovery, | am advised the Matron for theatres has taken measures to improve
communication with ward staff, by introducing a formal telephone handover for patients identified as
‘high risk’ detailing the current NEWS score and management plan in place. | understand that High-
risk patients in this context are those who fall into categories 3-5 using the American Society of
Anaesthesiologists physical status classification system.

Additionatly, | understand when patients who fall into categories 3-5 using the American Society of
Anaesthesiologists physical status classification system are now transferred from the recovery area to
the ward, the provisional set of observations and assessment is undertaken with the transferring
nurse in attendance, to provide further assurance of the patient's condition and wellbeing, and to
provide additional support if any deterioration in the patient's condition is identified. The Matron for
Theatres has advised she is closely monitoring compliance with this change in practice.

You raised a number of concerns that whilst Mr. Flynn was a patient on the orthopaedic unit, the Trust
policy regarding monitoring and trigger points for regularity and escalation in relation to NEWS was
not adhered to. In addition, you were concerned regarding the level of communication and
documentation between the medical and nursing staff in relation to Mr. Flynn’s clinical condition.

The Matron for the Orthopaedic Unit has provided assurances that formal discussions have taken
place with the nursing staff identified through our investigation as failing to comply with Trust Policy in
respect to the regularity, recording and appropriate escalation of NEWS observations, and
consideration given to identified support or training needs. Additionally, | understand the ward
manager has circulated a newsletter to all staff reiterating their responsibilities and accountability with
regards to the appropriate recording and escalation of NEWS, including -

e Any increase in NEWS score must be escalated as per Trust Policy.
e Always evidence the name of the doctor/outreach staff member spoken to within the patient
records,

confident Chief Executive - Karen J

NHS

Tameside and Glossop

Integrated Care
NHS Foundation Trust

e Always follow up with the medical team if the patient continues to have increased NEWS. if
necessary, escalate to the senior doctors, or senior nurse bleep holder/site manager.

Do not assume the doctor is aware of a patient's increased NEWS, and escalate personally.
Ensure all sections of the patients NEWS are completed — do not leave any gaps.

Ensure the NEWS is scored correctly.

Every time a doctor reviews a patient, remind them to document in the medical notes.

Always evidence why a complete set of observations have not been undertaken and inform
the medical team.

The Matron for the Orthopaedic Unit has advised that the learning from our investigation into the care
provided to Mr. Flynn was shared and discussed at the Divisional Senior Nurses meeting and
subsequently, has been raised again on receipt of your concerns. the Consuftant
Orthopaedic Surgeon who ied the Trust investigation, has provided his assurances that the case has
also been raised and discussed at the Orthopaedic Speciality meeting, which is attended by all
grades of Orthopaedic medical staff. pa has advised that the importance of
documentation was highlighted as a particular focus for discussion at this time.

To provide assurances that the learning from this case is shared Trust wide | am aware that the Trust
Patient Safety Team have drafted and distributed a ‘Time out for Learning’ bulletin focusing on the
importance of completing, recording and escalating NEWS observations appropriately.

The Trust recognises, as does the wider NHS, that identifying and responding to the acute
deterioration of patients is a significant patient safety issue across the NHS and has a dedicated
patient safety workstream as part of the Trust's Patient Safety Programme, which is concerned with
ensuring the Trust has clinical and operational processes to adequately support the effective
management of the deteriorating patient. This workstream reports through to Trust Board via the
Patient Safety Programme Board, which is chaired by my Medical Director.

Ensuring appropriate implementation of NEWS, with prompt escalation and clinical response is a
primary purpose of this workstream. As part of the Trust mandatory training requirements, clinical staff
receive annual updates on the management of the deteriorating patient as part of their basic life
support or immediate life support resuscitation updates and the Trust is currently considering the
benefits of introducing further focused mandatory training.

For nursing staff new to the Trust, training is provided on the use of the NEWS tool, including the
thresholds for escalation and clinical response guides. In respect to medical staff, the Medical
Education Manager has advised that the topic of NEWS is covered during the junior doctors’
induction, at which time written information is also provided. All foundation doctors complete AIMS
training as soon as they start at the Trust, which includes training relating to NEWS.

Although not directly relevant in the context of this Regulation 28 Report, ! would like to advise you of
a change made within the Trust relating to the National Early Warning Score tool (NEWS). At the time
of Mr. Flynn’s episode of care, the Trust were using a modified/adapted NEWS tool, which had been
in use since 2014. In 2018, a Patient Safety Alert was published requiring Trusts to adopt a revised
National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) drafted by the Royal College of Physicians. The alert resulted
from the recognition that healthcare providers used a variety of adapted NEWS or locally devised
early warning scores, increasing the risk of harm resulting from having different scoring systems in
use across the NHS when patients or staff move between services. NEWS2 standardises how adult
patients who are acutely deteriorating are identified and responded to, and will streamline
communication across the NHS.

| at] ve] disability | Everyone
tt:
Ba confident Chief Executive ~ Karen James. Ww ‘in| pehaty
EMPLOYER. Chale - ane McCall

NHS!

Tameside and Glossop

Integrated Care
NHS Foundation Trust

The alert requires acute hospital trusts and ambulance trusts to fully adopt NEWS2 for adult patients
by March 2019. | am advised that within the Trust, training in the use of the NEWS2 tool commenced
in October 2018, with the revised observation tool and escalation process being implemented in
December 2018. | understand face-to-face training has been provided to senior clinical staff, with
wider training subsequently cascaded through wards and departments by ward managers through
either face-to-face training or via an online training tool provided by the Royal College of Physicians.
Following implementation of NEWS2, we have continued focused work and awareness-raising.

With regards to your concerns that a Consultant did not see Mr. Flynn on the day after his operation,
the Trauma and Orthopaedic Directorate Managers have advised that a Consultant team job planning
session has taken place within the Speciality to discuss the availability of Consultants to undertake
ward rounds. The team have agreed to job plans being reviewed and revised and individual
Consultant job planning meetings are progressing. | understand the team aim to have completed alt
job planning meetings including senior management review and approval by mid-April 2019.

In addition, | am informed that discussions have taken place with the Directorate of Medicine to
implement a triggered referral process to the Orthogeriatricians in cases where patients are identified
as requiring a senior level orthogeriatric review. | have gained assurances from the Deputy
Directorate Manager for Trauma and Orthopaedics that she is currently working with the Directorate
Manager for Medicine to develop the process. The Speciality anticipates that these measures will
provide additional support to the clinical teams and patients, ensuring senior medical reviews take
place appropriately. To obtain some assurance in this matter, | understand a review of case notes is
scheduled to commence in March 2019 on both the Planned and Emergency Orthopaedic wards to
evaluate the medical documentation in relation to daily entries in the medical notes, the grade of
doctor reviewing the patient, and whether an orthogeriatric review has taken place where indicated.

For further assurance, | understand the Speciality has also reviewed the handover arrangements
between junior Orthopaedic medical staff and are in the process of designing a new handover
document that will be located electronically and accessible from any computer. The Speciality
anticipate this will support medical staff in identifying those patients requiring review and there is an
aim for this to be implemented in March 2019.

You were concerned that the Trust has a Critical Care Outreach team whose role is to support units
such as the orthopaedic unit. However, the team was not available when contacted, due to staffing
issues. At the time of Mr. Flynn’s case, the Trust Critical Care Outreach team were not established to
provide cover 24/7. However, following a Trust ‘Hospital at Night’ consultation the establishment for
the Outreach team has increased and new staff came into post in August 2018, providing
establishment for 24/7 cover to be provided. Unfortunately, the ability to achieve 24/7 cover has
continued to prove difficult, resulting in the Trust recently creating an additional temporary post within
the Critical Care Outreach team. This has been appointed to and currently enables the team to
provide support 24/7. However, the Trust NEWS Escalation and Response Guide provides clear
guidance for staff regarding the process for escalating to the next response level if attempts to obtain
reviews are not successful.

You were concerned that whilst a fluid balance chart was requested and fluids prescribed, the fluid
balance chart was not completed fully and in particular, the necessary calculations to understand Mr.
Flynn's fluid position were not made, thereby not following Trust policy regarding completion.
Additionally, you were concerned that the doctor who saw Mr. Flynn on the morning of 16 July 2018
prescribed further fluids without reference to the fluid balance charts.

Cae disability
confident Chief Executive - Karen James
EMPLOYER Chalr ~ Jane McCall . ‘in|

NHS

Tameside and Glossop

Integrated Care
NHS Foundation Trust

With regards to your concerns ae for Mr. Flynn without reference to the fluid
balance chart, | understand from that following the ward round conducted on the
morning of 16 July 2018, and based on the clinical assessment and blood parameters noted at that
time, it was clini i for fluids to continue intravenously, and to be re-prescribed. |
understand from that once an improvement in Mr. Flynn's renal function was noted

on the afternoon of 16 July 2018, the correct decision was taken to discontinue the intravenous fluids.

In regard to the fluid balance chart, | have been assured by the Matron for the Orthopaedic Unit that
formal discussions have taken place with the nursing staff identified as failing to comply with Trust
Policy in respect to the completion of the fluid balance chart and consideration given to identify
support or training needs. In addition, the newsletter previously referred to, circulated to all staff in the
department, reiterates staff responsibilities and accountability regarding completion of the fluid
balance chart. As an additional measure, | understand the ward manager has recently introduced new
signage placed at the bedside to further support staff in recognizing which patients have a fluid
balance chart in place.

| am aware that an audit of fluid balance charts has recently been completed, as part of a wider audit
of the Trust's Acute Kidney Injury care pathway. The results identify 100% compliance in completion
of the fluid balance chart. Whilst this provides a level of assurance, the Head of Clinical Audit and
Effectiveness has indicated that a trust wide audit of fluid balance chart compliance has been added
to the Trust Audit Programme for 2019/2020.

The Medical Education Manager has advised that fluid balance management is included in the AIMS
training that is provided to junior doctors commencing at the Trust and the Patient Safety Team have
drafted and distributed a ‘Time out for Learning’ bulletin focusing on the importance of monitoring and
completing fluid balance charts.

| am very sorry that you had cause to issue this Regulation 28 Report. | hope ! have responded to
your concerns and wish to assure you that the Trust takes our responsibility in respect of
management of the deteriorating patient seriously, and the Medical Director and Director of Nursing
and Integrated Governance have established systematic oversight of this from a safety perspective.

Should you have any queries arising from the content of this letter or require further information or
clarification, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Yours sincerely

ti)

Karen James
Chief Executive Officer

(56 disability
ag confident. Chief Executive — Karen James. wW ‘in|
EMPLOYER Chair —Jane McCall

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