Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Joshua Blackham

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0182, written 31 May 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report31 May 2019
Reference2019-0182
DeceasedJoshua Blackham
CoronerHeidi Connor
Coroner areaBerkshire
CategoryPolice related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (@3)

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Chief Constable Gavin Stephens — Chief Constable Surrey Police:

Office of the Police & Crime Commissioner for Surrey, PO BOX 412, Guildford,
Surrey, GU3 1YJ

CORONER

Tam Mrs Heidi J. Connor, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Berkshire.

a

2. | CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS
T make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act
2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013.

3. | INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

I conducted an Inquest into the death of Joshua Blackham which was heard at
Reading Town Hall between 13" and 20 May 2019. The jury recorded their
conclusion as follows:

Medical Cause of Death:
1a Asphyxia due to hanging.

Narrative Conclusion

On the evidence heard the Jury have come to the conclusion that

Joshua _Olj ackham, on 29" November 2016 at [i
acid take his own life by suicide and in
the opinion of the Jury the following principle [SIC] factors
contributed to Joshua’s death:

1) Joshua’s personal circumstances were multiple and complex
in the period leading up to his death. Each of these
circumstances will have placed significant stress on Joshua
and in combination are likely to have contributed to his
decision to end his life.

-[-
Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

coe
2) The welfare system within Surrey Police at the time of
Joshua’s arrest was insufficient. Although a welfare officer
was appointed quickly, overall governance, policy, process
and training were inadequate to provide the welfare support
Joshua needed. Information sharing between all stakeholders
was insufficient to keep the welfare officer adequately
informed and is likely to have contributed to a lack of support
given to Joshua.

3) The administration, communication, controls and process in
place within the NHS prior to Joshua’s death failed to provide
him with the mental health support he was referred for by
his G.P.

4. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

The family asked us to refer to the deceased as “Joshua” at the inquest. I have
reflected that request in this report.

I circulated a detailed summing up of the evidence which was circulated and
agreed amongst the legal representatives for the Interested Persons in this case.

Brief Summary

Joshua Blackham was a 30 year old police officer who was arrested at work and
suspended from duty on the 12" September 2016. He was allocated a Welfare
Officer on the same day.

A risk assessment document was sent to the Deputy Chief Constable in order for
the suspension of duty to be authorised. The risk (of psychological harm) was
assessed as medium by an investigating officer. This officer gave evidence that
he would almost always state that the risk was “medium”, for any officer
suspended from duty. He never met Joshua and knew very little about his
circumstances.

We heard in evidence that the Welfare Officer did not receive any training to
undertake this role. The only guidance provided to this officer was a document
called a “specific point of contact” document which provided some limited
information about what should be included in risk assessment forms.

The Welfare Officer completed risk assessment forms on:

a. 14" September 2016

b. 7" October 2016

c. 2! November 2016

d. 4" November 2016

e. 4" November 2016 (an amended version)

2-
Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

f. 17° November 2016.

i Between the time of Joshua’s suspension from duty and his death, the Welfare
Officer met Joshua face to face twice-both times at Starbucks in Staines.

A detailed chronology is set out in my agreed summary of the evidence. It is
correct to say that, as time went on, the number of risk factors in Joshua’s life
increased. These included relationship breakdown, financial concerns and
concerns about contact with his daughter.

We heard that for operational reasons, the Welfare Officer did not have access to
the database used by the Professional Standards Department during their
investigation. Information relating to escalating concerns about Joshua was not
always adequately communicated between PSD and Welfare Officer. We heard
there is no central area or database for these concerns to be recorded

By 28" November 2016, it became known that Joshua had previously considered
and/or attempted taking his own life before, both by a previous hanging attempt in
September 2016 and considering taking his own life when standing on a railway
bridge. Attempts were made to contact the Welfare Officer that evening but he
was off duty. There were no arrangements in place for a welfare contact in those
circumstances. The Welfare Officer was not aware that, in addition, Joshua was
due to be interviewed in relation to a new allegation on 29"" November 2016.

Tragically, Joshua was found hanged on 29" November 2016.

5. | CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the Inquest, the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless this
action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: ~

It is fair to say that Surrey Police had begun work on improving policies and
procedures relating to officer welfare before this inquest. There are now better
policies in place regarding risk assessment, and how this should be managed.

It is also noted that officers are only rarely suspended from duty whilst under
investigation.

There remain, however, a number of areas where there are no written policies in
place in relation to the role of a Welfare Officer. I remain concerned that, given
that Joshua died in 2016 and these policies are not yet in place, the impetus could
be lost after the inquest.

3.
Classification: OFFICLAL-SENSITIVE

Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

A large number of concerns were raised during the course of this 6 day jury
inquest. I have sought to focus on the areas that I consider are of key concern in
this respect. These are:

1. Training ~ for Welfare Officers and those who supervise them.

i 2. It was suggested in evidence that a cadre of specialised Welfare Officers
would be more effective than appointing individual officers with line
management responsibilities. The advantages of this arrangement will be
that the specialised skills would be held within that cadre, and that an
individual officer who has been suspended from duty may feel reluctant to
discuss personal matters with a senior officer in his/her own management
line. I consider this suggestion should be considered by Surrey Police.

3. Consideration should be given as to how communication of concerns
between PSD and the Welfare Officer can take place more effectively.

4. Consideration should be given to the Welfare Officer contacting the
family of the officer suspended from duty, to gain further information,
where appropriate consent has been given.

5. Any new arrangement should make allowances for contact with a Welfare
Officer where the primary Welfare Officer is off duty.

6. There should be a written policy as to the location of the arrest of a serving
officer, so as to reduce the impact of this on his/her welfare.

6. | ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion urgent action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe
your organisation has the power to take such action.

7. | YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 26" July 2019. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is
proposed.

Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

Classification: OPFICIAL-SENSITIVE

8. | COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to Joshua’s legal |
representative.

Tam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes
may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the
Coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your
response by the Chief Coroner.

9. | 31 May 2019

a

Mrs Heidi J. Connor
Senior Coroner for Berkshire

5.
Classification: OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Surrey Police (PDF)
OFFICIAL SENSITIVE
Regulation 28: Report to
Prevent Future Deaths – Joshua
Blackham
Document details
Authorising Officer Chief Constable Gavin Stephens
Author Chief Superintendent Completed: 21/7/19
Distribution HM Coroner Mrs Heidi Connor
Executive Summary:
This report has been written in response to actions outlined within section 6 of the coroners regulation 28
report following the investigation and inquest into the death touching Joshua Blackham.
HM Coroner’s request for response to key areas of concern as follows:
1. Training – for Welfare Officers and those who supervise them.
2. It was suggested in evidence that a cadre of specialised Welfare Officers would be more effective
than appointing individual officers with line management responsibilities. The advantages of this
arrangement will be that the specialised skills would be held with that cadre, and that an individual
officer who has been suspended from duty may feel reluctant to discuss personal matters with a
senior officer in his/her own management line. I consider this suggestion should be considered by
Surrey Police.
3. Consideration should be given as to how communication of concerns between PSD and the Welfare
Officer can take place more effectively.
4. Consideration should be given to the Welfare Officer contacting the family of the officer suspended
from duty, to gain further information, where appropriate consent has been given.
5. Any new arrangement should make allowances for contact with a Welfare Officer where the
primary Welfare Officer is off duty.
6. There should be a written policy as to the location of the arrest of a serving officer, so as to reduce
the impact of this on his/her welfare.
Surrey Police response
(In respect of the order in which the points appear above):
1. The Force has agreed to provide training and refreshed guidance for any officer/staff member who
is assigned as Welfare Officer (previously referred to as Wellbeing and Support Officers). Surrey
Police’s Learning and Development Department are in the process of creating a short video which
will fully explain the Welfare Officer (WO) role which all WOs, on being assigned the role, will watch
as part of a full guidance package. This package will include revised Welfare Officer Guidance
documentation. This is anticipated to be finalised by the end of August 2019 with all Senior
Management Teams across the Force being briefed from September 2019.
Under the new process all WOs, will be assigned a lead from their Senior Management Team (SMT)
who will be responsible for briefing the WO on their role using the new material and will then
remain as point of contact for the WO offering support and guidance. They will ensure that risk
assessments are completed in a timely fashion, providing suitable oversight and scrutiny.
The Duty of Care Risk Assessment (DOCRA) is being re‐written and will be the only document used
to record risk to an individual and the steps being taken to mitigate that risk. [This replaces the risk
assessment document which was used in Joshua’s case]. The DOCRA will be updated every 28 days
as a minimum (or more frequently as the risk requires) and will be sent by the WO to their SMT
lead for comments. Oversight of all persons who are subject to a DOCRA will become a standing
agenda item at each monthly SMT meeting thereby ensuring that there is oversight of all cases,
regardless of risk level.
2. A cadre of specialised WOs has been considered in more detail by the Force since the inquest but
the Force has made the decision not to pursue this on the grounds that it is not practical and may
not be in the person’s best interest. Having a cadre limits the number of people undertaking the
role and it is also important that the person involved has a say in who their WO is, which may not
include anyone within a cadre. The Force felt that the selection of a WO should be considered by
the relevant SMT for the area/department where the person works and that with the introduction
of training, revised guidance and managerial oversight a cadre of specialists was not necessary.
3. As to ensuring that all concerns about a person held by PSD, Federation, Unison or otherwise are
available to the WO in completing their risk assessment, the new process will ensure that the
DOCRA is completed having directly contacted all relevant parties. The default position will be that
all information will be shared unless there is a specific reason not to do so which should be
recorded with suitable justification. This way no relevant information is invisible to the WO. The
new guidance is also accompanied by a simple visual flowchart for WOs as a reference document.
4. The matter of a WO considering contacting the family of an officer suspended from duty has been
included in the revised guidance.
5. Having a secondary (back up) WO has been included in the revised process to ensure that there is
suitable cover for annual leave or other absence. Contact details of all relevant persons supporting
the particular officer/staff member will be listed at the front of the DOCRA.
6. Consideration about the location of the arrest of a serving officer so as to reduce the impact on
his/her welfare has been included within the relevant PSD guidance policy.

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