Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Caspian Thorn

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0305, written 19 Sep 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Sep 2019
Reference2019-0305
DeceasedCaspian Thorn
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryChild Death (from 2015) · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: The Secretary of State for Health,
Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB)
CORONER

! am Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater
Manchester South

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners
(Investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 2" October 2018 | commenced an investigation into the death of
Caspian Thorn. The investigation concluded on the 17" July 2019 and
the conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from the complications of
sepsis contributed to by the complications of chronic placental
insufficiency where delivery did not take place until 41 weeks and
clear signs of developing placental insufficiency were not acted
upon at 39 weeks in accordance with Trust guidance.

The medical cause of death was 1a) Gram negative sepsis
(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) and pneumonia in an infant with
hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy resulting from antepartum
asphyxia due to chronic placental insufficiency (extensive chronic
villitis and fetal thrombotic vasculopathy)

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH
Caspian Thorn on the growth scan at 28+1 weeks was on the 50th
centile. At the scan at 36+3 weeks, Caspian was just above the 10th
centile. On 10th September 2018 at 39 weeks, a further growth scan
found Caspian was between the 5th and 10th centile. The Trust guidance
is that an induction should be considered in such circumstances post-37
weeks. An induction was not offered. A further growth scan was arranged

for 17" September. Non-attendance at the scan was not picked up and
there no follow up by the enhanced midwifery, community midwifery or
hospital midwifery service. On 24" September 2018, Caspian’s mother
attended at Tameside General Hospital. CTG monitoring at 13.47 showed
a pathological CTG from the earlier stages of monitoring. The midwife
noted the CTG at 14.15 and Caspian’s mother was transferred to the
delivery suite. She arrived at 14.40 and a doctor was asked to review her
at 14.45. She was reviewed at 15.00 and a category 1 section arranged.
Caspian was born with significant brain damage. He was transferred to
NICU at Royal Oldham Hospital for cooling. Warming began on 27"
September 2018. Caspian, from about 18.00 on 27" September,
exhibited signs of deterioration consistent with an infection. Blood
samples were not taken until 28'" September at 07.45. Caspian
deteriorated further despite 2nd line antibiotics from 28" September. On
29" September, the microbiologists confirmed a gram-negative infection.
Caspian continued to deteriorate and died at Royal Oldham Hospital on
29" September 2018 at 17.10. On 30" September 2018, the infection
was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is resistant to
antibiotics. Post-mortem examination found that Caspian had died from
hospital acquired sepsis to which he was vulnerable as a result of his
hypoxic brain injury. The hypoxia arose from chronic placental
insufficiency.

CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise
to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur
unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to
report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:-
The two trusts involved gave evidence of detailed action plans to address
locally issues identified. However the inquest identified issues that it was
clear could be found outside the two trusts where action has been taken.
1. A feature of the evidence was lack of communication between the
teams of midwives and social worker. This meant that it was not
picked up that his mother had missed a key fetal growth scan and
that a small baby was not monitored for the period between 10
September until his birth on 24" September. The inquest heard
that contributing to this was a shortage of midwives in the
enhanced midwifery team and a shortage of experienced social
workers in the Local Authority at the time;
2. Caspian’s family had been identified as vulnerable. There was a
lack of clarity about how to effectively support and manage the

N

situation to ensure that there was effective engagement throughout
the pregnancy and during delivery;

3. There had been two undocumented calls to triage on the morning
of 24» September 2018. The inquest heard that that when staff
were busy on the triage team calls and advice were not always
documented;

4. Decision making that was not in accordance with trust guidance on
10‘ September was not clearly documented in the notes;

5. The 1% CTG on 24'" September was a pathological CTG from the
very early stages but was not reviewed until half an hour had
elapsed despite the history. An expectation that CTG should be
observed for a period of time after first starting would have allowed
for earlier identification of fetal distress;

6. Early signs of sepsis were not identified by the consultant
neonatologist because it was thought the observations reflected a
move to warming from cooling. The other experienced staff within
the NICU did not appear to recognise a deteriorating position until

12 hours after early signs of deterioration were noted.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and |
believe you have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date
of this report, namely by 14° November 2019. |, the coroner, may extend
the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain
why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following
Interested Persons namely 1) Caspian’s mother 2) Tameside General
Hospital 3) Royal Oldham Hospital 4) Tameside Metropolitan Borough
Council, who may find it useful or of interest.

1 am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your
response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Alison Mutch
HM Senior Coroner
19.09.2019

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