Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2020

Joseph Brindley

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0294, written 21 Dec 2020. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report21 Dec 2020
Reference2020-0294
DeceasedJoseph Brindley
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaGreater Manchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedTameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

INHS

Tameside and Glossop

Integrated Care
NHS Foundation Trust

Chief Executive Officer
Silver Springs
Fountain Street
Ashton-under-Lyne
Lancashire

OL6 SRW

4" February 2021

Ms Alison Mutch OBE

Senior Coroner

Manchester South Coroner’s Court
1 Mount Tabor Street

Stockport

SK1 3AG

Dear Ms Mutch

Further information, regarding concerns raised in the following the
Inquest touching upon the death of Mr Joseph Brindley

| am writing to you in response to the regulation 28 report which was received
on 22™ December 2020. In the report you raised areas matters of concern that
fractures were not identified on x-rays despite having been carefully examined.

In concluding the course of the inquest, you requested a letter from the Trust
providing reassurance as to the system of audit of radiology reporting and
discrepancies. We submitted these prior to the Regulation 28 being issued and
thank you for allowing us an opportunity to clarify the steps that have been
taken by the Trust to minimise the occurrences where staff miss similar injuries
in the future, and alleviate your concerns. | also note a meeting is being
arranged with you, myself and our team to discuss your concerns.

During an internal review of the incident it was identified that on 11th March

when presenting to ED and on all subsequent chest x-rays until 1st April, the
rib fractures were not visible. This is due to the extensive pleural effusion on

Everyone
. Matters

the right side of the chest. Following removal of the drain, a chest x-ray was
performed on 1st April and for the first time the fractures are clearly visible
affecting the lower right ribs. This image did not receive a formal radiological
report as the patient was an inpatient.

It is the role of the team requesting the diagnostic test to review the imaging
performed to inform plans for the ongoing care and clinical management.

On the chest x-ray performed on 4th April the rib fractures were somewhat
visible, although not as clearly as on the post drain chest x-ray. This was not
appreciated by the Reporting Advanced Practitioner however there was no
suggestion of trauma on the history given and the chest x-ray was to rule out
re-effusion. The fractures became less visible still on the chest x-ray performed
on the 26th April stating pneumonia, to rule out Covid-19 as the clinical history
with no mention of previous trauma. Had the fractured ribs been realised at the
start of Mr Brindley’s journey it is unlikely that it would have altered the course
of his clinical treatment, but we acknowledge that there were multiple rib
fractures which could have been identified on 15 April 2020. It is acknowledged
that the fractures of the rib which were not diagnosed were not contributory to
the cause in death in this instance.

System of Peer Review

As you are aware, diagnostic interpretation errors are considered to be an
inevitable occurrence in radiology and whilst technology has made enormous
progress over the years, human factors remain. The Royal College of
Radiologists and Society and College of Radiographers advise that consistent
audit of image reporting is essential to ensuring service and the most effective
and constructive way to carry this out is via a system of peer review.

Prior to independent reporting, all appropriately qualified reporting
Radiographers must successfully pass a robust formal audit process
(preceptorship), which has its own documented requirements. This expectation
matches that expected of a consultant Radiologist. As a result, the Trust have
implemented Peer Review in relation to reporting by Advanced Practitioner
Radiographers, which has been embedded within X-ray (plain film imaging)
since 2017.

Whilst Radiologists have a more varied scope of practice and job plan, under
current Royal College of Radiologist guidelines they are also required to have
a peer review practice. For simplicity, this process is the same for the
Radiologist as that of the process of Radiographer peer review.

Audit Schedule and Process

Under the Trusts’ current audit process, 10 examinations are randomly
collected for each reporter per week from the Trust Clinical Radiology
Information System (CRIS). For those reporting on chest and abdominal x-rays,
an additional 10 reports per week will also be selected and audited.

Peer review focuses on reporting quality and follows guidance set out in the
Royal College of Radiologists Standards for Interpretation and Reporting of
Imaging Investigations. This requires the reviewers to assess whether the
reporter has answered the clinical question posed by the Referrer (with a target
of 100%), provides (where appropriate) a tentative differential diagnosis when
an abnormality is described and provides appropriate advice on the next step
(this will not always be required but where advice is given should be
appropriate).

Results are recorded, with the Lead Advanced Practitioner (for Radiographers)
and the Radiology event and learning meeting (REALM) Lead (for Radiologists)
arbitrating any discrepancies identified and providing feedback to the
individuals as appropriate.

Standards

In terms of accuracy, the Royal College of Radiologists chooses not to put a
precise figure on minimum accuracy percentages required. Instead, the
guidance is to learn from any discrepancies that are found in order to avoid
similar errors in future. However, the Trust Radiology Preceptorship Policy for
newly qualified reporting radiographers requires that they demonstrate a
minimum 95% accuracy and these results and accuracy levels are monitored
with any extra learning/mentorship/actions at the discretion of the Lead
Advanced Practitioner or REALM lead. If the reporter is found to be falling short
of the expected level of accuracy, there is a period of remedial mentorship with
double reporting and an action plan for improvement agreed. The mentee
would be expected to have their practice re-audited on a continual basis until
such a time as they meet the required 95% accuracy and the mentor is happy
that there has been sufficient development and improvement to allow them to
practice independently again.

Radiology event and learning meeting (REALM)

Cases identified for learning are also discussed at the Radiology event and
learning meeting (REALM), a group meeting to aid discussion and learning.
This is held monthly. This forum presents a robust process for both Consultant
Radiologist and Advance Practicioner Radiographers to refer and discuss
cases in relation to discrepancies identified during reporting of imaging or

identified by the multi-disciplinary teams external to Radiology. The case in
question was discussed with the individuals concerned and also discussed at
the REALM on 4° December 2020 and the learning points shared within the
department.

Departmental transformation plans

| would like to take this opportunity to make you aware of steps taken by the
organisation to strengthen both the clinical and managerial teams within
Radiology. In 2019, the division of clinical support services was established and
encompasses, diagnostics including Radiology. This was intended to provide
coordinated leadership, oversight and governance.

Since this time, investment has been made to increase the clinical workforce,
increasing the number of substantive Radiologist from three to five with a further
two undertaking their CESR qualification (Certificate of Eligibility for Specialist
Registration), there are also 3 locum consultants bringing a total establishment
to 8.5 whole time equivalent. This is an increase of 3.5 in the last 18 months. In
addition to this we also have a Consultant Sonographer and 5 Advance Practice
Reporting Radiographers.

The Royal College of Radiographers have offered advanced practice
qualifications since 1994, in order to obtain this qualification Radiographers
must complete postgraduate training to develop Clinical practice and/or
undertake independent reporting of imaging. They must develop their
knowledge and understanding of anatomy, physiology and pathology relating
to their particular area of practice and once the training is completed there is a
further 6 months minimum preceptorship under the supervision of a Consultant
Radiologist where all reports are double reported. During this entire process
they must achieve levels of accuracy and clinical competency in line with
expectations outlined by the Royal College of Radiologists, measured at an
equal level to that of a Consultant Radiologist; the main difference being that
their scope of practice is less extensive.

| hope that this demonstrates our commitment to Radiology safety and look
forward to discussing this with you in the near future.

Yours sincerely aN
PO

Medical Director
Also filed under 2020-0294: Joseph-Brindley-2020-0294_Redacted.pdf
REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS.

1

| REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: TAMESIDE GENERAL HOSPITAL

=

| CORONER

| Lam Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater Manchester
South

dt
CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013

| INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 18" May 2020 | commenced an investigation into the death of Joseph
Brindley. The investigation concluded on the 13 November 2020 and the
conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from the consequences of an intracranial
bleed, exacerbated by anticoagulation. The medical cause of death was 1a
Intracranial bleed on a background of anticoagulation, II Ischaemic Heart
Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypothyroidism

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

On 11th March 2020, Joseph Brindley was admitted to Tameside General
Hospital following a fall. He had a significant pleural effusion. He also had rib
fractures, which were not identified on a CT scan or in X-rays, although they
were visible in two X-rays. He was subsequently discharged from Tameside
General Hospital. He was breathless at home and returned to the Emergency
Department on a number of occasions and there was a suspected pulmonary
embolism identified on one occasion. That was excluded with a CT pulmonary
angiogram although the rib fractures were identified at that point. On 16th May
2020, he was found unresponsive downstairs at his home address. On
admission to hospital, a CT scan identified a catastrophic bleed to the brain,
exacerbated by anticoagulation. He died at Tameside General Hospital on 16th
May 2020.

‘| CORONER'S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —
The inquest heard that the CT scan and the X-rays were said to have been

examined carefully. However, the fractures were not identified. Availability of
radiologists due to a shortage of qualified radiologists locally and nationally
meant that radiographers as well as radiologists were involved in the reviews
that did not identify the fractures. The final review where the fractures were not
picked up was said to have included careful comparison with the earlier X-ray.
The Trust have made HMC aware of review processes which seek to enhance
clinical skills and avoid errors. However, it is unclear what steps have been
taken to tackle and avoid the specific concerns that arose in this case where 3
qualified members of staff did not recognise the injury.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you
have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under'a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 14" February 2021. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is
proposed.

| COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following

| Interested Persons rene a. daughter of the deceased, and
Tameside General Hospital, who may Tind it useful or of interest.

! am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me,
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of
your response by the Chief Coroner.

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