Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Norma Rushworth

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0278, written 23 Aug 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report23 Aug 2021
Reference2021-0278
DeceasedNorma Rushworth
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaGreater Manchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Community health care
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  Greater Manchester health & 
Social Care Partnership and NHS England. 

1  CORONER 

I am Alison Mutch , Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater 
Manchester South 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 14th October 2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of 
Norma Rushworth. The investigation concluded on the 13th May 2021 and 
the conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from complications of 
emergency surgery following a previous surgical procedure that had 
resulted in an abdominal dehiscence due in part to a wound infection not 
identified prior to the abdominal dehiscence. 
The medical cause of death was 1a Bronchopneumonia 1b 
Immobilisation following surgery for Diverticulitis 1c II Ischaemic Heart 
Disease, Aortic Valve Disease, Hypertensive disease  

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Norma Rushworth was identified to have a narrowing of the sigmoid due 
to diverticulitis. She was operated on at Tameside General Hospital 
initially laparoscopically but then that was not viable through open 
surgery. The colon was resectioned. She was discharged home. Whilst at 
home she had an abdominal dehiscence and was admitted back to 
Tameside General Hospital where she was operated on as an 
emergency. The dehiscence had occurred as a result of an unidentified 
infection of the wound, her age and cardio vascular compromise. She 
developed a chest infection. She had a cardiac arrest when the central 
line was removed. She was resuscitated and transferred back to the 
Intensive Care Unit. She continued to deteriorate. On 10th October 2020 
she died at Tameside General Hospital. Post mortem examination found 
she had died from bronchopneumonia with significant underlying heart 
disease contributing to her death.  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise 
to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  The inquest heard that due to the pandemic and restrictions Mrs 
Rushworth was not supported as she would usually have been at 
outpatient appointments. The inquest heard that this impacted 
significantly on the quality of the history available to clinicians; 
support for a vulnerable patient and her decision making. 

2.  The inquest heard that following her discharge back into the 
community after surgery support and monitoring was limited 
notwithstanding how vulnerable she was; the complexity of her 
surgery and the risk she presented. Advice re management of a 
patient such as her in the community and risks and management 
of them was not conveyed clearly to community health 
professionals and to her family.  Covid restrictions meant that 
communication had been difficult, and the written documentation 
did not cover the challenges this caused. Her deteriorating health 
in the community was not as a result recognised at an early stage. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe you have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 18th October 2021. I, the coroner, may extend 
the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interested Persons namely 
who may find it useful or of interest. 

 (family of the deceased), 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  23rd August 2021 

Alison Mutch 
HM Senior Coroner Greater Manchester South 

3

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership (PDF)
Greater Manchester  Health and Social Care Partnership 
4th Floor 
3 Piccadilly Place 
London  Road 
Manchester  M1 3BN 

T: 

E: 

Date: 15 October 2021 

Ms A Mutch  
HM Senior  Coroner 
Coroner’s  Court  
1 Mount Tabor   Street  
Stockport  
SK1 3AG 

Dear Ms Mutch  

Re: Regulation  28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Norma Rushworth 
10/10/20 

Thank you for your Regulation  28 Report dated  23/08/21  concerning  the sad death 
of Norma Rushworth  on 10/10/20.  Firstly,  I would like to express my deep 
condolences  to Norma Rushworth’s  family.  

The inquest  concluded that Norma’s death  was a result  of 1a Bronchopneumonia,  1b 
Immobilisation  following  surgery for Diverticulitis,  1c II Ischaemic Heart Disease, 
Aortic Valve Disease,  Hypertensive disease. 

Following  the inquest  you raised  concerns in your Regulation  28 Report  to Greater 
Manchester  Health and Social Care Partnership  (GMHSCP) that there is a risk future 
deaths  will occur unless  action is taken. 

This  letter addresses  the issues  that fall within the remit of GMHSCP and  how we 
can share  the learning  from this case. 

Point 1 – support for vulnerable  patients  at appointments  during the pandemic. 
At the time of Mrs Rushworth’s  death,  hospital  trusts  were constrained  by the 
national  guidance  around  attendance  at hospital  settings  “Visiting  healthcare  settings 
during  COVID-19 pandemic.”  The guidance  restricted  patients  from attending 
appointments  with a person  to support  them. In March 2021 this  guidance  was 
updated  to advise  that patients  attending  outpatients,  diagnostic  service and 
Emergency Departments  are now allowed  to be accompanied  by one person  to 
support  them with making complex/difficult decisions.  A link to the full guidance  is 
included  below for information: 

 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Coronavirus  » Visiting  healthcare  inpatient  settings  during  the COVID-19 pandemic 
(england.nhs.uk) 

Point 2. Communication  between acute and community  settings  on risk and 
patient management. 
Mrs Rushworth  was discharged  from the acute trust  on 9th September following  good 
post-operative  recovery. District nurses  attended  Mrs Rushworth  the day after her 
discharge  from the acute trust.  They then  attended  on 3 additional  days, with the 
final attendance  being  to remove her stitches  on 16th September, with this  date being 
scheduled  by the consultant. 
Mrs Rushworth’s  attended  A&E on the 17th September after the wound  reopened.    

Actions taken  or being taken to prevent reoccurrence  across  Greater 
Manchester. 

1.  Learning  to be presented/shared  with the Greater Manchester Quality Board.   

This  meeting is attended  by commissioners,  including  commissioners  of 
specialist  services, regulators,  Healthwatch  and NICE. 

2.  Communication to all relevant  providers  to share  appropriate  advice and 

guidance  and increase  staff awareness  regarding  the range of materials  that 
are already available. 

3.  Shared  learning  from this  and similar cases  at Greater Manchester  and 

borough  level will be cascaded to professionals  through  relevant governance 
and learning  forums. 

In conclusion,  key learning  points  and recommendations  will be monitored to ensure 
they are embedded  within  practice. GMHSCP is committed to improving outcomes 
for the population  of Greater Manchester.  

I hope  this response  provides  the relevant  assurances  you require.  Thank you for 
bringing  these important  patient  safety issues  to my attention  and please  do not 
hesitate  to contact me should  you need any further information. 

Yours sincerely 

Chair of GM Medical Executive, GMHSCP
Response from NHS England (PDF)
Alison Mutch 

HM Coroner South Manchester  
Coroners Court  
1 Mount Tabor Street 
Stockport 
SK1 3AG  

National Medical Director  
NHS England & NHS Improvement  
Skipton House 
80 London Road 
London 
SE1 6LH 

16th June 2022  

Dear Ms Mutch,  

Re: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths – Norma Rushworth 14th 
October 2020  

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report dated 13th May 2021 concerning the death 
of Norma Rushworth on 14th October 2020. Firstly, I would like to express my deep 
condolences to Norma Rushworth’s family.  

Please accept our apologies for the length of time this response has taken to 
complete. 

The regulation 28 report concludes Norma Rushworth’s death was a result of 
complications of emergency surgery following a previous surgical procedure that had 
resulted in an abdominal dehiscence due in part to a wound infection not identified 
prior to the abdominal dehiscence.  

With the medical cause of death as result of  

1a Bronchopneumonia  
1b Immobilisation following surgery for Diverticulitis   
1c II Ischaemic Heart Disease, Aortic Valve Disease, Hypertensive Disease.  

Following the inquest you raised concerns in your Regulation 28 Report to NHS 
England.  

The matters of concern are as follows: 

1.  The inquest heard that due to the pandemic and restrictions Mrs Rushworth 

was not supported as she would usually have been at outpatient 
appointments.  The inquest heard that this impacted significantly on the 
quality of the history available to clinicians; support for a vulnerable patient 
and her decision making.   

NHS England and NHS Improvement 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.  The inquest heard that following her discharge back into the community after 
surgery, support and monitoring was limited notwithstanding how vulnerable 
she was; the complexity of her surgery and the risk she presented.  Advice re 
management of a patient such as her in the community and risks and 
management of them was not conveyed clearly enough to the community 
health professionals and to her family.  Covid restrictions meant that 
communication had been difficult, and the written documentation did not 
cover the challenges this caused.  Her deteriorating health in the community 
was not as a result, recognised at an early stage.  

In response to the first query I refer to the Greater Manchester Health and Social 
Care Partnership (GMHCSP) response which stated that at the time of Mrs 
Rushworth’s death, the national guidance around attendance at hospital settings 
“Visiting healthcare settings during COVID-19 pandemic” restricted patients from 
attending appointments with a person to support them. In March 2021 this guidance 
was updated to advise that patients attending outpatients, diagnostic service and 
Emergency Departments are now allowed to be accompanied by one person to 
support them with making complex/difficult decisions. A link to the full guidance is 
included for information: Coronavirus » Visiting healthcare inpatient settings during 
the COVID-19 pandemic (england.nhs.uk). The visiting guidance was reviewed 
regularly during the pandemic.  

With regards the second matter of concern In terms of national discharge policy in 
place in October 2020, this included a clear set of agreed criteria to reside, which 
provide a framework to guide clinical staff as to whether a person is fit to be 
discharged or should remain in hospital for further treatment. The guidance advises 
that patients are reviewed against these criteria on a daily basis. 

The guidance also provided information on how health and social care staff should 
engage with patients and carers ahead of discharge. Section 6 of the current version 
of the guidance summarises the actions and support that should be provided.  

Hospital discharge service guidance - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) 

As the cause of death documented in the report also refers to wound infection, we 
would also like to highlight to you that in 2018 NHSEI commissioned The National 
Wound Care Strategy Programme, a long-term commitment to improving wound 
care. The aim of the England-wide strategy is to improve the quality of chronic 
wound care through innovative solutions that will improve wound healing and prevent 
harm in line with the commitments set out in the NHS Long Term Plan. The 
Programme aims to standardise wound care by developing clinical recommendations 
which support excellence in preventing, assessing, and treating people with wounds 
to optimise healing and minimise the burden of wounds for patients, carers and 
health and care providers. 

The recommendations of the National Wound Care Strategy Programme are 
available online and have been widely publicised to the clinical community. In 
addition, the Programme and Health Education England (HEE) have published free 
to access, online education on a number of wound care topics, and continue to 
develop further wound care education resources. These resources are aimed 

 
 
 
 
 primarily at registered clinicians and experienced health and care support staff but 
the NWCSP is also contributing to the work of the NHS England and Improvement 
Enhancing Health in Care Homes team which is developing similar resources for 
novice health and care support staff.  Work is also underway to support Higher 
Education Institutions that provide pre-registration clinical education in providing 
wound care education of an appropriate standard and range in their pre-registration 
programmes. 

The learning from the PFD has been shared with all NHS England and Improvement 
regions.  

Thank you for bringing these important patient safety issues to my attention and 
please do not hesitate to contact me should you need any further information. 

Yours sincerely, 

National Medical Director

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