Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Joshua Sahota

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0301, written 9 Sep 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Sep 2021
Reference2021-0301
DeceasedJoshua Sahota
CoronerNigel Parsley
Coroner areaSuffolk
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedNorfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

Rt Hon Nadine Dorries MP
Minister for Patient Safety, Suicide Prevention and Mental Health
Department of Health and Social Care
39 Victoria Street
London
SW1H 0EU

The Chief Executive Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust,
Trust Headquarters
Hellesdon Hospital
Drayton High Road
Norwich
NR6 5BE.

1 CORONER

I am Nigel Parsley, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of Suffolk.

2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 10th September 2019 I commenced an investigation into the tragic death of Joshua
SAHOTA

The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 8th September 2021. The jury
conclusion of the inquest was that:-

The jury recognise that Josh was an intelligent, polite, reserved well-loved and supported
young man by his family and friends.

Joshua Sahota died as a result of Asphyxia, by deliberately placing a plastic bag over his
head and use of a bed sheet around his neck.

We the Jury were unable to determine Josh’s state of mind at the time of his death.

The below contributing factors led to Josh’s death.
•
•
•
•
•

Insufficient staffing
Insufficient Observations and 1 to 1’s
Inadequate formal documentation
No Psychologist available.
Unclear restricted items policy.

The medical cause of death was confirmed as:

1a Asphyxia

 2 Psychosis

4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Joshua was a 25-year-old man who on the 2nd August 2019 intentionally drove his car off
a bridge on the A11 landing on the A14 dual-carriageway beneath.

This incident caused Joshua chest and pelvis injuries and as a result he was admitted to
the Addenbrookes Hospital in Cambridge on the same day.

Whilst Joshua had been an inpatient at Addenbrookes he had been seen by a psychiatrist
and deemed to be at a continuing high risk of self-harm.

As such, when Joshua was deemed medically fit, his discharge was directly to a
psychiatric bed on Southgate Ward, Wedgewood House, Bury St Edmunds, in Suffolk.

Joshua’s admission took place on the 9th August 2019 as an informal patient.

As Joshua was admitted directly from Addenbrookes he was in a hospital gown only, as
his clothes had been cut from him when he arrived at Addenbrookes hospital from the
scene of the road collision.

Joshua’s family were asked to take fresh clothes to Southgate ward, which they did in a
plastic carrier bag. The bag was emptied by a member of staff, the contents were
searched, re-packed and then taken to Josh’s room.

At this time plastic bags were a ‘restricted item’ on the ward, but Joshua’s family had not
been told this.

On the 15 August 2019 Joshua was transferred to Northgate Ward, another ward within
Wedgewood House.

On the 9th September 2019 at 17:07 Joshua was found in his room with bed sheet around
his neck and the plastic carrier bag over his head.

CPR commenced by staff based on the ward and they were subsequently joined by
paramedics.

Despite resuscitation attempts recognition of life extinct was timed at 17:45.

At the time of his death Joshua was on hourly observations on the ward.

5 CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters given rise to concern. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you;

the MATTERS OF CONCERN;-. –

relate to the communication of what are ‘restricted and contraband items’ to the family and
friends of a patient, before those family and friends visit the mental health ward.

This would be particularly important for a family or friends first visit to the ward.

The court was told that there are signs up at the entrance of the ward detailing items that

 are ‘contraband’. These items are not allowed onto the ward in any circumstances.

This makes it clear to all visitors what cannot be taken onto the ward in any
circumstances.

However, the court was told that a ‘restricted item’ regime also exists, under which
patients are risk assessed, with some being allowed particular items (such as mobile
phone charger leads, laptop leads, belts and lighters), whilst others are not.

From the evidence we heard in this case, we know that Josh’s clothes were taken onto the
ward in a plastic carrier bag, which at the time was a restricted item.

We heard that the bag was emptied, the contents were searched, re-packed and then
taken to Josh’s room.

From the investigation into this matter, it is apparent that firstly, that had the family known
that a plastic carrier bag was a restricted item, it would not have been taken to the hospital
in the first instance.

Secondly, that had the family been aware that a plastic carrier bag was a restricted item,
even though they may have used one to deliver Josh’s clothes, they would have drawn
staff attention to the bag when it was subsequently taken and left in Josh’s room.

During the evidence no clear system or procedure was identified, for a family to be notified
of any particular items that have been deemed ‘restricted’ items for their loved one to have
in their possession.

There was therefore no effective communication with the family regarding what items
were, and what items were not, allowed onto the ward in Josh’s case.

I am therefore concerned that families and friends of current in-patients, may still
inadvertently take a particular item onto ward, or be aware that their loved one has a
particular item in their possession, yet be totally unaware that that particular item has been
risk assessed as a restricted item for their loved one.

It is known that families and friends of in-patients can play a vital role in their care,
treatment and recovery. However, without knowing what have been deemed ‘restricted
items’ for their loved one, the ability to assist in keeping their loved one safe whilst an in-
patient, is effectively removed from those family and friends.

6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken in order to prevent future deaths, and I believe you
or your organisation have the power to take any such action you identify.

7 YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 4th November 2021 I, the Senior Coroner, may extend the period if I consider it
reasonable to do so.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

8 COPIES and PUBLICATION

 I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons;-

1. Mr Joshua Sahota’s next of kin.

I am under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of
interest. You may make representations to me, the Senior Coroner, at the time of your
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.
9

Nigel PARSLEY
Senior Coroner for
Suffolk
Dated: 09/09/2021

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health Social Care (PDF)
From Gillian Keegan MP 
Minister of State for Care and Mental Health 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

17 December 2021 

Nigel Parsley 
HM Senior Coroner, Suffolk  
Beacon House  
Whitehouse Road  
Ipswich  
Suffolk IP1 5PB 

Dear Mr Parsley, 

Thank you for your letter of 9 September 2021 about the death of Joshua Sahota.  I am 
replying as Minister with responsibility for Mental Health and I am grateful for the additional 
time in which to do so.     

Firstly, I would like to say how deeply saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mr 
Sahota’s death and I offer my sincere condolences to his family and loved ones.  The 
circumstances your report describes are very concerning and I am grateful to you for 
bringing these matters to my attention.  

Every suicide is a tragedy and learning lessons where things have gone wrong is essential 
to ensuring that the NHS provides safe, high quality care.  

I am advised by the Care Quality Commission (the CQC), the independent regulator for 
quality in health and social care services, that it has undertaken regulatory activity in 
relation to Mr Sahota’s death, seeking assurance from the Norfolk and Suffolk NHS 
Foundation Trust of the actions it has taken following Mr Sahota’s death, and to address 
any ongoing risk to patients.   

I understand that the Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust has explained in its 
response to your report that as a result of the internal investigation following from Mr 
Sahota’s death, the Trust has taken a number of actions to reduce the risk of a similar 
incident occurring.  This includes a complete ban on plastic bags on acute mental health 
wards across the Trust, in addition to a number of improvements, including improved 
external communications to family and carers, together with a number of safeguards to 
disrupt the passage of restricted items.   

The CQC considers that Mr Sahota’s death was an incident of avoidable harm, and, while 
the CQC has concluded that there are not grounds for a criminal prosecution, the CQC 
has identified that there was a breach of the regulations (specifically, Regulation 12 – safe 
care and treatment1).  Further inspections of the Trust, which remains in special measures, 
have taken place and I am assured that the CQC will continue to monitor the Trust closely.    

1 The Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014 (legislation.gov.uk) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In relation to restricted or prohibited items on acute mental health wards, you may wish to 
note that the CQC has published a guide to CQC inspectors2 on the use of ‘blanket 
restrictions’, which lists the items that are likely to be prohibited or restricted on mental 
health wards, and this includes plastic bags.  The guide also describes the principles of 
risk assessment and personalised care that should be applied to restricted items.  Local 
providers of care should ensure that there is a system in place to ensure that blanket 
restrictions are reviewed within a regular timeframe, with an overall aim of the reduction of 
restrictive practices.   

On wards where items are restricted or prohibited, there should be auditable standards for 
how items are identified and what risk assessment is required; how adherence will be 
monitored and the policy reviewed; and, what information about the restrictions and the 
reasons for them is provided to patients and visitors.  

In relation to plastic bags specifically, a safety alert was published in 20113 that highlighted 
the risks and recommended that providers of services review their policies relating to 
plastic bags.  Mental health services are expected to be aware of the risks and to take the 
appropriate mitigation.  

More generally, I would like to outline the progress we are making in reducing the number 
of suicides, which, in mental health inpatient settings, have reduced by more than half over 
the past decade.  However, we recognise that the number remains too high.  That is why, 
in 2018, we announced a Zero Suicide ambition, which has led to every mental health trust 
having a zero suicide policy (or ‘suicide safety plan’) in place.  

This ambition is supported by a dedicated Mental Health Safety Improvement Programme 
which has a focus on reducing suicide and self-harm in inpatient mental health services, 
the healthcare workforce and non-mental health acute settings.  

Both the Mental Health Safety Improvement Programme and regional suicide prevention 
leads will share learning on effective approaches to suicide prevention for people in 
contact with services and support ongoing implementation of the zero suicide plans.  In 
light of the COVID-19 pandemic, NHS England and NHS Improvement will also be 
supporting mental health trusts to refresh and expand their zero suicide plans to include 
community settings during 2021 to 2022.  

I hope this response is helpful. 

GILLIAN KEEGAN 

2 20191125_900767_briefguide-blanket_restrictions_mental_health_wards_v3.pdf (cqc.org.uk) 

3https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20121107183145/http:/www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/c
linical-specialty/mental-health/?entryid45=130187
Response from Hellesdon Hospital (PDF)
O i  OCT  2021 

Norfolk and  Suffolk 
NHS  Foundation Trust 

Main Administration Block 
Hellesdon Hospital 
Drayton High Road 
Norwich 
NR6 5BE 

30 September 2021 

·Nigel Parsley 
Suffolk Coroner 
Beacon House 
Whitehouse Road 
Ipswich 
Suffolk 
JP1  5PB 

Dear Mr Parsley 

Regulation  28/29  prevention  of future  deaths  notice  received  from  Suffolk Coroner in  relation  to 
the death of Joshua Sahota 

I write  in  response to your letter dated  9 September 2021  raising  your concerns  in  respect  of the tragic 
death  of Joshua whilst  an  inpatient at the Wedgwood  Unit  in  Suffolk.  The  concerns relate  specifically to 
the  information given  to  visitors to the wards  including. family  and  carers  in  respect  of "restricted  items", 
locally risk assessed,  and/or fully "banned" items. 

As  you  are  aware  plastic  bags  were  a·  restricted  item  on  our  wards  historically.  To  this  end  regular 
messaging  and  refreshing  of  the  internal  alert  system  featured  this  item,  at  that  time  the  ward  was 
undertaking individual risk assessments regarding the item. However, following the inquest evidence being 
submitted there remained the concern that family,  and other visitors, were not aware of this "restriction" at 
that time,  and that assurance was  needed  i.e.  that plastic  bags  being  a  "banned' item  is  communicated 
effectively to all visitors and service users now. 

This item is a completely "banned" item across all inpatient units save our rehabilitation unit Improvements 
have  b.een  made  to  our  external  messaging  to  families  and  carers  on  this  subject  plus  a  number  of 
safeguards have  been  put  in  place  to disrupt the passage of restricted  items  includihg  plastic bags.  For 
example  on  entering  the  main  Wedgewood  reception  visitors  are  asked to  show  what  items  they have 
brought to the unit, if these are within or contain a plastic bag a paper one will  be  given as a replacement. 
Likewise for any  service  user going  out  on  leave,  on  return  they will  be  given  an  alternative type  of bag 
either paper or canvas. When advancing to the ward  reception there are  posters and a "sandwich board" 
which highlight various  pieces of information including restrictions on  items coming  in to the ward namely 
plastic bags. 

Letters  for  both  service  users  and  carers  have  been  updated  to  reflect  the  importance  of not  bringing 
restricted items on to wards and the rationale for this. This action was overseen by our People Participation 
Lead in West Suffolk and  I attach copies for your information. 

I would  also  like  to  assure  you  that  the  necessity  to  remove  all  plastic  bag  type  items  including  tape 
and  plastic  wadding  from  mail  forms  part  of the  local  induction  for  both  substantive  and  agency  staff. 
Equally  discussions about ward  safety including the risk of items such as  bags  coming  on  to the ward  is 
discussed at the  various safety  huddles every day;  all  staff are  included  in  safety huddles,  including  our 
housekeeping colleagues. 

All  service  users returning  from  leave  are  asked to remove any type  of plastic carrier or packaging  from 
their person. Where thought necessary to safeguard the individual and other service users this may entail 
a search of the person and/or their bedroom  area dependent on  an individual risk assessment. 

Working  together for 
better mental  health 

Trust HQs:  Hellesdon  Hospital, Drayton  High Road,  Norwich NR6 5BE 

Endeavour House, 8 Russell Rd,  Ipswich  IP1  2BX

  www.nsft.nhs.uk 

SMOKEFREE 

 
 
 I hope that this  information reassures you of our commitment to maintaing the safety of our seNice users 
and  ensuring  that  families  are  not  unknowingly  increasirig  ri,sk  on  our wards,  This  was  a  terrible  tragic 
incident which resulted  in the loss of a young  man who had his life ahead of him,  I can  personally assure 
you that we as an organisation and as individual health care professionals do not want such a loss to occur 
ever again,  hence we  are doing all  that we can to prevent such a tragedy being  repeated, 

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive 

Working together for 
better mental health 

,
Trust HQs:  Hellesdon  Hospital,  Drayton  High  Road,  Norwich  NR6 5BE 

Endeavour House, 8 Russell  Rd,  Ipswich  IP1  2BX 

  www,nsft,nhs,uk 

,'11,/
SMOKEFREE

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