Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Caden Stewart

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0328, written 4 Oct 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Oct 2021
Reference2021-0328
DeceasedCaden Stewart
CoronerPatricia Harding
Coroner areaMid Kent and Medway
CategoryState Custody related deaths · Child Death (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.    HMYOI Cookham Wood 

1 

CORONER 

I am Patricia Harding, senior coroner, for the coroner area of Mid Kent and Medway 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.  

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 5th July 2019 I commenced an investigation into the death of Caden Stewart, 
age 16. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 10th August 
2021.  
The jury found that Caden Stewart died on 27th June 2019 from an internal brain 
haemorrhage at King’s College Hospital where he had been taken for specialist 
care having been found unconscious in his cell on the evening of 26th June 2019. 
The conclusion of the jury was that Caden Stewart died from natural causes, the 
death occurring at a time when there were inadequate reporting and recording 
procedures in place coupled with insufficient communication between prison 
officers and healthcare staff combined which led to healthcare failing to attend 
Caden Stewart’s requests to see him. It could not be concluded that all of these 
factors contributed to the death having occurred 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

 Caden Stewart was remanded to HMYOI Cookham Wood on 7th June 2019. He 
presented as a fit, healthy youth with no medical history.  
On the afternoon of 26th June 2019 he had supervised exercise with other young persons, 
playing football in goal and then lifting weights in the gym. CCTV showed Caden to perform 
two sets of weightlifting repetitions before sitting down and rubbing the back of his head. 
He remained seated and was clearly in discomfort. Although the gym was supervised by 
two officers, some time passed before they noticed Caden and when questioned, Caden 
stated he had a headache. Caden was told he would be returned to the houseblock so that 
he could obtain painkillers from healthcare and an escort was summoned by radio. 
Caden was escorted back to his wing and put in his cell. Healthcare was not informed that 
Caden was feeling unwell.  
Approximately 40 minutes later Caden rang his emergency bell and asked to see 
healthcare. He reported a headache to the wing officer who was shown on CCTV to walk 
towards the healthcare area and on his return a short while later return to Caden’s cell; he 
stated in evidence to tell him that healthcare would come to see him.  
. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The healthcare area was manned at the relevant time but the nurse on duty denied 
having been told that Caden had requested to be seen. 
Caden was seen by four different officers on five occasions over the next four hours  
through the cell observation panel or whilst delivering his dinner. Whilst he did not make a 
further request to see healthcare, he did tell one officer that he wasn’t feeling too well and 
was uncommunicative or terse with others.  
At 20.50, five and a half hours after first reporting feeling unwell Caden Stewart was found 
collapsed and unresponsive in his cell. He had not seen anyone from healthcare during 
this time. Caden was taken by ambulance to Medway Maritime Hospital where a CT scan 
revealed a brain haemorrhage. He was conveyed to King’s College Hospital and 
underwent surgery but sadly died. A post mortem examination revealed that the 
haemorrhage resulted from a ruptured intracerebral arteriovenous malformation, a 
congenital defect. The inquest established that the rupture likely occurred as a result of 
weightlifting 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  Physical Education Instructors were unaware of the existence of PSI 58/2011 and the 

requirements within 

2.  There was a lack of communication between officers such that the physical education 

instructors did not inform the escort that Caden needed to see healthcare, the escort 

did not inform the wing officer in charge that Caden felt unwell and needed to see 

healthcare, none of the officers responsible for checking Caden’s welfare during 

patrol state were aware that he had reported feeling unwell and was waiting to see 

healthcare 

3.  The wing officer in charge did not check whether Caden had been seen by healthcare 

at any stage over the following hours nor did he inform his successor on handover 

that Caden was waiting to see healthcare and had not been seen 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe 
 your organisation has the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 namely by 30th November 2021. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons Government Legal Department, Simpson Millar solicitors representing the family, 
Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Hackney Social Services, Prison and Probation Ombudsman 
and to the Local Safeguarding Board. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any other person who I believe may find it 
useful or of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response. 

9 

[DATE]4th October 2021 

[SIGNED BY CORONER] Patricia Harding 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Hmpps (PDF)
Director General Prisons 
HM Prison and Probation Service 
8th Floor Ministry of Justice 
102 Petty France 
London SW1H 9AJ 

Mrs Patricia Harding 
HM Senior Coroner for Kent and Medway 
Cantium House 
Sandling Road 
Maidstone 
ME14 1XD 

25 November 2021 

Dear Mrs Harding, 

Thank you for your Regulation 28 report of 4 October 2021 addressed to HMP Cookham 
Wood following the inquest into the death of Caden Stewart on the 27 June 2019. I am 
responding as Director General of Prisons. 

I know that you will share a copy of this response with Mr Stewart’s family, and I would first 
like to express my sincere condolences for their loss. Every death in custody is a tragedy 
and the safety of those in our care is my absolute priority. 

You expressed concern following evidence heard at the inquest about Physical Education 
Instructors’ knowledge of PSI 58/2011 Physical Education (PE) for Prisoners and its 
requirements, and about the sharing of information between prison staff and healthcare 
staff regarding Caden feeling unwell. I am grateful to you for bringing your concerns to my 
attention.  

In September 2021, following the inquest, a Notice to Staff was issued reminding PE staff of 
the need to understand the content and requirements of PSI 58/2011 and to ensure they 
maintain appropriate supervision of the gym at all times. The importance of this has also 
been reinforced during regular staff briefings. 

To ensure improved and effective information sharing regarding a prisoner’s well-being, in 
September 2021 the Young People Services Team introduced daily roll books onto the 
residential areas which record the amount of time each young person spends in various 
activities. The logs provide for comments to be added and ‘guidance prompts’ are now in 
place which outline the importance of providing this information so that it is available to all 
staff. The guidance prompts also explain the type of information staff should record, 
including where a young person has made a request to see healthcare. A Notice to Staff 
detailing the use of the roll books was issued to ensure all staff are aware of the need to 
record information about a young person in custody.   

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 When updating the roll books the time of the request to see healthcare and the time that 
they are seen is noted, and staff are expected to make follow up enquiries with the young 
person and healthcare to ensure that the young person has been seen, and to record any 
notable actions required following healthcare advice. This may include non-medical in-
confidence information such as recommended observation levels, follow up health 
appointments or excusal from activity. This information will also be recorded on the young 
person’s NOMIS (the prison information system) case notes.  

Thank you again for bringing your concerns to my attention, and I would again like to extend 
my sincere condolences to Mr Stewart’s family for their very sad loss. I trust that this 
response provides assurance that action is being taken to address the matters that you 
have raised. 

Yours sincerely, 

Director General of Prisons

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