Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Michelle Jeffries

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0395, written 22 Nov 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report22 Nov 2021
Reference2021-0395
DeceasedMichelle Jeffries
CoronerChristopher Morris
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryAlcohol, drug and medication related deaths · Community health care
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Dr

, Medical Director, Trafford CCG 

, Interim Chief Officer, Greater Manchester Health & 

Social Care Partnership 

I 

1  CORONER 

' 

Christopher Morris, Area Coroner for Manchester South 

2 

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www. legislation .gov. uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/pa rag raph/7 

: httg://www.l~islation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/gart/7/made 

i 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 30th June 2021, Alison Mutch OBE, Senior Coroner, opened an 
inquest into the death of Michelle Jeffries who died at her home on 27th 
March 2021, aged 42 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the 
inquest which I heard on 22nd October 2021. 

I 

A post mortem examination determined that Ms Jeffries died as a 
consequence of the combined toxic effects of

' 

By way of conclusion, I recorded that Ms Jeffries died by way of an 

.  accident. 

 
 
 4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Ms Jeffries had a complex medical history which was associated with her 
experiencing chronic and debilitating pain.  For many years, Ms Jeffries 
had been prescribed large quantities of analgesic medication, including 
opiates. 
Whilst numerous health professionals were involved in'Ms Jeffries's care 
over the years, and her GP Practice undertook regular medication 
reviews in accordance with practice procedures, the evidence before the 
court suggested there was a lack of involvement from pain specialists. 

5  CORONER'S CONCERNS 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  -

It is a matter of concern that there is an absence of local guidance as to: 

1.  The circumstances in which GPs can safely oversee the 

prescription of multiple analgesics at high doses in the community, 
attempting to reduce reliance on such medication as indicated; and 

2.  When referral to a pain specialist is mandated. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe you and your organisation have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 17th January 2022. I, the coroner, may extend 
the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and 

 on behalf of Ms Jeffries's family. 

I have also sent a copy to Dr
who may find it useful or of interest. 

,  General Practitioner, 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response. 

The Chief Coroner mav publish either or both in a complete or redacted 

2 

 
 or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Dated: 22nd  November 2021 

Signature: 

Christopher 

·s HM Area Coroner, Man1Cf'lf!ll!Stlw South 

-

3

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from NHS Greater Manchester (PDF)
Gr e at er  M a n c h e st er  H e alt h  a n d  S o ci al  C ar e  P art n er s hi p  
4t h  Fl o or  
3  Pi c c a dill y  Pl a c e  
L o n d o n  R o a d  
M a n c h e st er  M 1  3 B N  

D a t e: 1 7  J a n u ar y  2 0 2 2  

Mr  C  M orri s   
H M  S e ni or  C or o n er  
C o r o n er’ s  C o urt  
1  M o u nt  T a b or   Str e et   
St o c k p ort  
S K 1  3 A G  

D e ar  Mr  M orri s   

R e:  R e g ul ati o n  2 8  R e p ort t o  Pr e v e nt  F ut ur e  D e at h s  –  Mi c h ell e  J effri e s  2 7/ 0 3/ 2 1  

T h a n k  y o u f or  y o ur  R e g ul ati o n  2 8  R e p ort  d at e d  2 2/ 1 1/ 2 1  c o n c er ni n g t h e  s a d  d e at h 
of  Mi c h ell e  J effri e s  o n  2 7/ 0 3/ 2 1 . Fir stl y, I  w o ul d li k e t o  e x pr e s s  m y  d e e p  c o n d ol e n c e s 
t o Mi c h ell e  J effri e s’  f a mil y.  

T h e i n q u e st  c o n cl u d e d t h at  Mi c h ell e’ s  d e at h  w a s  a r e s ult  of t h e  c o m bi n e d t o xi c 
eff e ct s  of  p ai n  m e di c ati o n s . 

F oll o wi n g t h e i n q u e st  y o u r ai s e d  c o n c er n s i n  y o ur  R e g ul ati o n  2 8  R e p ort t o  Gr e at er 
M a n c h e st er  H e alt h  a n d  S o ci al  C ar e  P art n er s hi p ( G M H S C P)  t h at t h er e i s  a ri s k f ut ur e 
d e at h s  will  o c c ur  u nl e s s  a cti o n i s t a k e n.  

T hi s  l ett er  a d dr e s s e s t h e i s s u e s t h at f all  wit hi n t h e r e mit  of  G M H S C P a n d  h o w  w e 
c a n  s h ar e t h e l e ar ni n g fr o m t hi s  c a s e . 

P oi nt  1   – t h e  cir c u m st a n c e s i n  w hi c h  G P’ s  c a n  s af el y  o v er s e e t h e  pr e s cri pti o n 
of  m ulti pl e  a n al e g e si c s i n  hi g h  d o s e s i n t h e  c o m m u nit y,  att e m pti n g  t o r e d u c e 
r eli a n c e  o n  s u c h  m e di c ati o n s  a s i n di c at e d . 
T h e  Tr aff or d  C C G  M e di ci n e s  O pti mi s ati o n t e a m  s u p p ort  pr e s cri b er s  wit h  m a n y 
a s p e ct s  of  pr e s cri bi n g i n cl u di n g r e p e at  pr e s cri bi n g t o  e n s ur e r o b u st  a n d  s af e 
pr o c e s s e s f or  m a n a gi n g  p ati e nt s r e p e at  m e di c ati o n  ar e i n  pl a c e. I n cl u d e d  a s  p art  of 
t hi s  ar e  s y st e m s f or r e vi e wi n g  p ati e nt s  o n “ hi g h ri sk ”  m e di c ati o n,  w hi c h  s u p p ort s 
pr e s cri b er s t o  e n s ur e t h at  p ati e nt s  o n t h e s e  m e di ci n e s  h a v e r e g ul ar  m e di c ati o n 
r e vi e w s, i n cl u di n g  bl o o d  a n d  p h y si c al  h e alt h c ar e  m o nit ori n g. All  pr a cti c e s i n  Tr aff or d 
n o w  h a v e  a  pr a cti c e  b a s e d  p h ar m a ci st  w or ki n g  wit h t h e m  a n d  a s  p art  of t h eir  w or k  
t h e y  u n d ert a k e  str u ct ur e d  m e di c ati o n r e vi e w s. 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I n  a d diti o n, t h e  C C G  M e di ci n e s  O pti mi s ati o n t e a m  h a v e r e c e ntl y  hi g hli g ht e d t o 
pr a cti c e s t h at  pr e s cri bi n g  of  a n al g e si a i s  a n  ar e a  w e  c o ul d  w or k  c oll a b or ati v el y  o n t o 
e n s ur e t h at  p ati e nt s  g et  t h e  b e st  o ut c o m e s fr o m t h eir tr e at m e nt.  P art  of t hi s  w o ul d  b e 
t o  u n d ert a k e  a  str u ct ur e d  m e di c ati o n r e vi e w  wit h t h e  p ati e nt,  di s c u s si n g t h eir  c urr e nt 
tre at m e nt  a n d t h e  o ut c o m e s fr o m t h e m. 
Wit h t h e  p ati e nt s  a gr e e m e nt  a n y tr e at m e nt s 
t h at t h e  p ati e nt  w a s n’t  be n efitti n g fr o m  w o ul d  b e r e m o v e d fr o m t h eir  m e di c ati o n.   
D e p e n di n g  o n t h e t y p e  of  m e di c ati o n, t hi s  m a y  b e  d o n e i m m e di at el y  or  o v er  a  p er i o d 
of ti m e, t o  e n s ur e  a d v er s e  si d e  eff e ct s  of  wit h dr a w al fr o m t h e  m e di c ati o n  di d  n ot 
h a p p e n.  

R e d u ci n g  o v er pr e s cri bi n g,  i n cl u di n g  a n al g e si a i s  p art  of t h e  D e p art m e nt  of  H e alt h 
a n d  S o ci al  C ar e ( D H S C)  g ui d a n c e;  G o o d  F or  Y o u,  G o o d  F or  U s,  G o o d f or 
E v er y b o d y -  A  pl a n t o r e d u c e  o v er p r e s cri bi n g t o m a k e  p ati e nt  c ar e  b ett er  a n d  s af er, 
s u p p ort t h e  N H S,  a n d r e d u c e  c ar b o n  e mi s si o n s . 

P ai n  m a n a g e m e nt  a n d  NI C E  g ui d a n c e  h a v e  pr e vi o u sl y  b e e n  di s c u s s e d  at  Tr aff or d  
l o c al  G P  E d u c ati o n  s e s si o n s,  h el d  q u art erl y.  Pl e a s e  s e e  d o c u m e nt s  att a c h e d  b el o w 
f or f urt h er i nf or m ati o n  o n t h e  Tr aff or d  C C G l o c al  g ui d a n c e o n  R e p e at  Pr e s cri bi n g  a s 
w ell t h e  N ati o n al I n stit ut e f or  Cli ni c al  E x c ell e n c e ( NI C E)  g ui d a n c e i n r el ati o n t o  
a s s e s si n g  a n d  m a n a gi n g  c hr o ni c  p ai n i n t h e  o v er  1 6’ s.   T h e  R e p e at  Pr e s cri bi n g 
g ui d a n c e i s  c urr e ntl y  u n d er r e vi e w  a n d  will  b e  c o m pl et e  b y  3 1 st  M ar c h  2 0 2 2 . 

T C C G _ R e p e at_ Pr e s cri
bi n g_ G ui d a n c e_ FI N A L 

c hr o ni c- p ai n- pri m ar y
- a n d-s e c o n d ar y -i n- o v  

P oi nt  2  - w h e n r ef err al t o  a  p ai n  s p e ci a li st is  m a n d at e d . 
I n t er m s  of  w h e n t o r ef er  p ati e nt s t o  p ai n  s p e ci ali st s, t h er e i s  n o s p e cifi c  p ai n  
m a n a g e m e nt  p at h w a y t h at  off er s  G P s  g ui d a n c e  o n  w h e n  e x a ctl y t o r ef er t o  a  p ai n 
s p e ci ali st.  H o w e v er, i n  Tr aff or d, t h er e i s  a  c o m mi s si o n e d  M u s c ul o s k el et al  ( M S K) 
s e r vi c e  a v ail a bl e t o  p ati e nt s  a s  w ell  a s t h e  M a n c h e st er P ai n  S er vi c e  s h o ul d  a n y 
Tr aff or d  G P,  b a s e d  o n t h eir  o w n  cli ni c al  j u d g e m e nt,  d e ci d e  a r ef err al i s  n e c e s s ar y.  

T h e  c ult ur e i n  p ai n  m a n a g e m e nt i s  c h a n gi n g  wit h  p ati e nt s  b ei n g  off er e d  n o n -
p h ar m a c ol o gi c al  h el p  a n d  s u p p ort, i n  pr ef er e n c e, t o  m a n a g e t h eir l o n g t er m 
c o n diti o n r at h er t h a n  m e di ci n e s t o tr y t o “ kill  t h e  p ai n”.  T hi s r e p ort  gi v e s c oll e a g u e s  a 
t a n gi bl e e x a m pl e t o  u s e i n r e mi n di n g  al l  G P s i n Gr e at er  M a n c h e st er  a b o ut t h o s e 
ri s k s,  w h at  cli ni ci a n s  s h o ul d  b e  c o n si d eri n g i n t er m s  of  g ui d a n c e  a n d t h e r e s o ur c e s 
a v ail a bl e t o  s u p p ort  cli ni ci a n s i n t h e  m a n a g e m e nt  of  p ati e nt s  wit h  c hr o ni c  p ai n.  

A cti o n s t a k e n  or  b ei n g t a k e n t o  pr e v e nt r e o c c urr e n c e  a cr o s s  Gr e at er 
M a n c h e st er.  

1.   L e ar ni n g t o  b e  pr e s e nt e d/ s h ar e d  wit h t h e  Gr e at er  M a n c h e st er  Q u alit y  B o ar d.  

T hi s  m e eti n g i s  att e n d e d  b y  c o m mi s si o n er s, i n cl u di n g  c o m mi s si o n er s  of 
s p e ci ali st  s er vi c e s, r e g ul at or s,  H e alt h w at c h  a n d  NI C E .  

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 2.   C o m m u ni c ati o n t o  all 

 pr o vi d er s t o  s h ar e  a p pr o pri at e  a d vi c e  a n d 

g ui d a n c e  a n d  i ncr e a s e  st aff  a w ar e n e s s r e g ar di n g t h e r a n g e  of  m at eri al s t h at 
ar e  alr e a d y  a v ail a bl e.  

3.   S h ar e d l e ar ni n g  fr o m t hi s  a n d  si mil ar  c a s e s  at  Gr eat er  M a n c h e st er  a n d 
b or o u g h  l e v el  will  b e  c a s c a d e d t o  pr of e s si o n al s t hr o u g h a p pr o pri at e  
g o v er n a n c e  a n d l e ar ni n g f or u m s . 

4.   C C G s  a cr o s s  G r e at er M a n c h e st er  will  b e  a s k e d t o  pr o vi d e t hr o u g h  Q u alit y 

B o ar d,  a  r e p ort  o n  h o w t h e y ar e  re d u ci n g  o v er pr e s cri bi n g, i n cl u di n g  a n al g e si a 
a n d  s u p p ort t h e i m pl e m e nt ati o n  of  “ D e p art m e nt  of  H e alt h  a n d  S o ci al  C ar e 
( D H S C)  g ui d a n c e;  G o o d  F or  Y o u,  G o o d  F or  U s,  G o o d f or  E v er y b o d y - A  pl a n 
to r e d u c e  o v er pr e s cri bi n g t o  m a k e  p ati e nt  c ar e  b ett er  a n d  s af er,  s u p p ort t h e 
N H S,  a n d r e d u c e  c ar b o n  e mi s si o n s. ” 

I n  c o n cl u si o n,  k e y l e ar ni n g  p oi nt s  a n d re c o m m e n d ati o n s  will  b e  m o nit or e d t o  e n s ur e 
t h e y  ar e  e m b e d d e d  wit hi n  pr a cti c e. G M H S C P i s  c o m mitt e d t o i m pr o vi n g  o ut c o m e s 
f or t h e  p o p ul ati o n  of  Gr e at er  M a n c h e st er.  

I  h o p e t hi s r e s p o n s e  pr o vi d e s t h e r el e v a nt  a s s ur a n c e s  y o u r e q uir e.  T h a n k  y o u f or 
bri n gi n g t h e s e i m p ort a nt  p ati e nt  s af et y i s s u e s t o  m y  att e nti o n  a n d  pl e a s e  d o  n ot 
h e sit at e t o  c o nt a ct  m e  s h o ul d  y o u  n e e d  a n y f urt h er i nf or m ati o n.  

Y o ur s  s i n c er el y 

C h ai r  of  G M  M e di c al  E x e c uti v e,  G M H S C P
Response from NHS Trafford Clinical Commissioning Group (PDF)
Private & Confidential 

 F.A.O: Christopher Morris 
 HM Area Coroner for Manchester South 
 HM Coroner’s Office 
 The Coroner’s Court 
      Mount Tabor Street 
      Stockport 
 SK1 3AG 

Dear Mr Morris 

Re: Ms Michelle Jeffries   

1st Floor 
Trafford Town Hall  
Talbot Road 
Stretford 
Manchester M32 0TH 

Tel:   0161 912 4093          

E-mail: 

16th December 2021  

I write in response to the Regulation 28: Prevention of Future Death notice dated 22nd 
November 2021 and respond accordingly to the matters raised in relation to the death 
of the late Ms Michelle Jeffries. Firstly, on behalf of Trafford Clinical Commissioning 
Group (CCG), I would like to offer Ms Jeffries family our sincerest condolences and 
we  hope  this  response  helps  to  answer  any  questions  that  remain  outstanding  for 
them.  

You specifically asked us as a CCG to respond to section 5: Matters of Concern, and 
we would like to offer the following information which we hope is helpful.  

1. 

The circumstances in which GP’s can safely oversee the prescription of 
multiple analgesics at high doses in the community, attempting to reduce 
reliance on such medication as indicated and; 

2.  When a referral to a pain specialist is mandated.  

The  CCG  Medicines  Optimisation  team  support  prescribers  with  many  aspects  of 
prescribing  including  repeat  prescribing  to  ensure  robust  and  safe  processes  for 
managing patients repeat medication are in place. Included as part of this are systems 
for reviewing patients on “high risk” medication, which supports prescribers to ensure 
that patients on these medicines have regular medication reviews, including blood and 
physical healthcare monitoring. 

In  addition,  the  CCG  Medicines  Optimisation  team  have  recently  highlighted  to 
practices that prescribing of analgesia is an area we could work collaboratively on to 
ensure that patients get the best outcomes from their treatment. Part of this would be 
to undertake a structured medication review with the patient, discussing their current 
treatment and the outcomes from them. With the patients agreement any treatments 
that the patient wasn’t benefitting from would be removed from their medication.  

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 Depending on the type of medication, this may be done immediately or over a period 
of time, to ensure withdrawal from the medication did not happen. 

Reducing overprescribing, including analgesia is part of the Department of Health and 
Social Care (DHSC) guidance; Good For You, Good For Us, Good for Everybody - A 
plan to reduce overprescribing to make patient care better and safer, support the NHS, 
and reduce carbon emissions. 

All practices in Trafford now have a practice based pharmacist working with them and 
as  part  of  their  work  they  undertake  structured  medication  reviews.  The  CCG 
Medicines Optimisation Team and practice based teams have been working together 
to  prioritise  patients  requiring  a  medication  review,  with  patients  on  high  doses  or 
multiple analgesia being highlighted. 

Pain management and NICE guidance have previously been a topic at our local GP 
Education sessions, held quarterly. Please see documents attached below for further 
information  on  the  Trafford  CCG  local  guidance  on  Repeat  Prescribing  as  well  the 
National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance in relation to assessing and 
managing chronic pain in the over 16’s.  The Repeat Prescribing guidance is currently 
under review and will be complete by 31st March 2022.  

TCCG_Repeat_Prescri
bing_Guidance_FINAL

chronic-pain-primary
-and-secondary-in-ov 

In  terms  of  when  to  refer  patients  to  pain  specialists,  there  isn’t  a  specific  pain 
management  pathway  that offers  GP’s  guidance  on  when  exactly  to  refer  to  a  pain 
specialist.  However,  in  Trafford,  there  is  a  commissioned  Musculoskeletal  (MSK) 
service  available  to  patients  as  well  as  the  Manchester  Pain  Service  should  any 
Trafford GP, based on their own clinical judgement, decide a referral is necessary.  

•  Trafford Community Musculoskeletal (MSK) Service.  

The MSK service provides treatments for adults (over 18) with Musculoskeletal 
(muscles, joints and bones) and orthopaedic conditions or injuries as well as 
chronic pain. The service offers multi-disciplinary care for patients experiencing 
persistent pain and mild to moderate distress.  This involves Biopsychosocial 
assessment, 
treatment,  Pain  Management  Programmes  and 
medication  advice.   The  team  includes  Clinical  and  Health  Psychologists, 
Specialist Physiotherapists and Specialist Pain Nurses. 

individual 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •  The Manchester Pain Service  

This  is  an  integrated  multidisciplinary  pain  service  spanning  the  spectrum  of 
acute and chronic pain. As well as helping to optimise pain relief during inpatient 
stays  following  surgical  procedures  or  trauma,  they  also  offer  an  outpatient 
service for pain which is more persistent or ‘chronic pain’. This is managed by  
a  team  of  doctors,  nurses,  physiotherapists  and  psychologists  and  as  a 
multidisciplinary team they aim to ease or reduce pain where possible, as well 
as offer support and guidance to help improve a patient’s quality of life.  

This extremely sad case has highlighted a number of risks that can occur in healthcare 
where potent and high risk medicines are prescribed.  

Fortunately the culture in pain management is changing with patients being offered 
non-pharmacological  help  and  support,  in  preference,  to  manage  their  long  term 
condition  rather  than  medicines  to  try  to  “kill  the  pain”.  This  report  gives  us  a  real 
example  to  use  in  reminding  all  GPs  in  Trafford  about  those  risks,  what  clinicians 
should  be  considering  in  terms  of  guidance  and  the  resources  available  to  support 
clinicians in the management of patients with chronic pain. We have therefore included 
this in our “Practice Briefing”; an email update which is sent out to over 400 Primary 
Care staff in Trafford twice a week. The information in the briefing also includes a link 
to the guidance documents we have shared with you above.  

By way of further assurance, I am pleased to say that we currently have 27 practices 
in Trafford, 25 of those are rated as “Good” with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) 
and 2 are rated as “Outstanding”. The CQC process of monitoring and inspecting GP 
practices  covers  areas  of  medicines  management  which  include,  prescribing  of 
controlled drugs, medication reviews and systems for monitoring high risk medicines. 
We don’t have any practices with any outstanding action plans or regulatory notices 
with CQC at this time, and all of our practices are subject to the current routine CQC 
monitoring  process  in  place.  Our  Quality  Team  meet  regularly  with  our  local  CQC 
Inspector to discuss any areas of concern and where we can support our practices 
maintain high quality services. We also have an internal Quality Assurance Framework 
where we use data and soft intelligence to enable us to monitor elements of quality 
with our practices on a regular basis.  

We hope our response is satisfactory for the issues raised, please do not hesitate to 
contact us should you require further clarification 

Medical Director  

3

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