Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Joyce Dennis

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0078, written 7 Mar 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Mar 2022
Reference2022-0078
DeceasedJoyce Dennis
CoronerJessica Russell-Mitra
Coroner areaCounty of Surrey
CategoryCare Home Health related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

IN THE SURREY CORONER’S COURT 

IN THE MATTER OF:  JOYCE MAY DENNIS 

__________________________________________________________ 

The Inquest Touching the Death of  Joyce May DENNIS 

A Regulation 28 Report – Action to Prevent Future Deaths 

__________________________________________________________ 

• Roseland Care Home (formerly sister home to now closed Roseacre

Care Home)

1  CORONER 

J. Russell-Mitra, HM Assistant Coroner, for the County of Surrey

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

An inquest into the death of Joyce May Dennis concluded on 26th October 2021. 

I found that the cause of death was: 

I a Acute pulmonary oedema 

 Ib Acute myocardial infarction 
Ic left circumflex coronary artery thrombosis 

I concluded with a narrative conclusion as follows: 

On 9th September 2019 Joyce May Dennis, who was a resident of Roseacre Care 
Home, Banstead, became unwell with a minor viral illness. On the same day she 
was seen by her general practitioner who advised that her condition was to be 
monitored and observed.Thereafter her condition was not sufficiently 
monitored or observed and she became significantly more unwell by 
Wednesday 11th September. During this time the general practitioner was in the 
building on a routine visit however medical attention for Joyce was not 
procured from him or any other source. After this date she continued to 
deteriorate with medical attention being sought on the afternoon of 13th 
September 2019 by which time Joyce was gravely ill with sepsis and the onset of 
a heart attack. She was admitted to hospital where limited treatment options 
were then available due to the delay in seeking medical assistance. She died 
thereafter at 15.30 on 13th September 2019 at Epsom General Hospital, Epsom.   

Joyce’s death was as a result of Natural Causes, contributed to by neglect.   

I adjourned consideration of whether to write a report for the prevention of 
future deaths for further evidence to be provided.  

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

i.)  Joyce was a resident of Roseacre Care Home, Banstead. 

ii.)  She was a frail, elderly person with diabetes, chronic arthritis which 
particularly affected her back, living in chronic pain, and she had 
chronic kidney disease, a potential kidney mass under investigation 
and high blood pressure, osteopenia. She was mobile sometimes 
requiring the assistance of a stick or a frame and she was largely 
capable of her own personal care but needed assistance with putting 
cream on her legs and taking her medications.  

iii.) Roseacre had an arrangement with a local GP surgery, Longcroft Clinic. 

The designated Doctor for the home and its sister home, Roseland, 
whose designated day for visiting was Wednesday morning. The 
Homes were free to contact the surgery on any other day of the week 
if any issues or concerns and on Mondays and Fridays this would be 
attended to by the designated Dr and on the other days by his 
colleagues. The Home staff were also advised if in any doubt to 

 
 
 
 
 contact OOH Drs, 111 or 999 as necessary.   

iv.) The designsated doctor visited Joyce on 29th May 2019 as a welcome visit 
and saw her again for a minor infection of the skin of the legs on 28th 
August 2019 for which he prescribed a week’s course of antibiotics. 
This issue appeared to resolve.   

v.)  Over the weekend of 7th and 8th September Joyce’s family visited and 

Joyce seemed her usual self and the family had no concerns.   

vi.) On night of Sunday the 8th September Joyce rang for assistance at 3.30am 

complaining of what might have been indigestion pains and she 
asked for a glass of water. She was not a regular sufferer of 
indigestion, nor was she on a prescription for antacids. At this time 
no further questions were asked of Joyce about her symptoms.  

vii.) 

 In the morning of Monday 9th September  this had not resolved and 
she continued to complain of pain which again the staff considered 
was indigestion without further question of her symptoms. At 
approximately 11am Joyce vomited. She vomited at least once more, 
possibly twice, and the Head of Care asked the designated doctor 
who was visiting two other resisents to also look at Joyce.   

viii.)  The designated doctor  checked Joyce over thoroughly. He found her 
to have signs of a mild viral illness, possibly stomach based, and that 
her chest was clear. He advised the home to put in place a number of 
safeguards: to monitor her blood sugar as vomiting with diabetes 
could be a serious concern and that if her blood sugar level reached 
20 Joyce was to be sent to hospital; he also advised monitoring her 
fluid intake – particularly important in elderly people with viral 
illnesses and underlying kidney disorder and diabetes.   

ix.) There is no record of fluid intake monitoring advice and this was not 
instituted by the care home staff. It is also basic practice when an 
elderly person is unwell and the care home have fluid charts for use 
in such circumstances.   

x.)  On Tuesday 10th September the minimal notes show no monitoring of 

blood sugar levels or of fluid intake save generally to say “drank 

 
 
  
 
 
 well”. It is very hard to ascertain from these notes what Joyce’s 
condition actually was. She is reported to “seem fine”. She needed a 
painkiller in the night on 10th September. Whilst this was not unusual 
for Joyce who needed regular painkillers for her chronic back pain no 
questions appear to be asked of Joyce about her discomfort and 
assumptions are made about the source of her discomfort.   

xi.) On Wednesday 11th September Joyce complained of feeling sick. Given 
that she was sick on Monday it is surprising that she was perfectly 
okay on Tuesday and ill again on Wednesday which again throws 
doubt on the recording of her on Tuesday. However, it is possible 
that her condition fluctuated. The sparse notes there are for 
Wednesday suggest that Joyce complained of feeling sick all day. The 
attitude to this by the care staff and management has been to 
minimize this symptom. I have been told that feeling sick and being 
sick are different. This attitude makes it clear to me that her 
symptom was dismissed as trivial and no investigation of it was 
taken. This is particularly concerning when this was the Dseginated 
Doctor’s designated day for visiting so it would have been very easy 
for the doctor to be asked to check on Joyce. Given that she had been 
ill enough on Monday that the doctor was asked to see her, it is very 
difficult to understand why staff did not at least check with the 
doctor on Wednesday when Joyce was complaining of being 
unwell.   

xii.) 

Joyce was described by her family who visited her on Wednesday 
afternoon as looking visibly unwell with a grey/blue colour, was 
unresponsive, struggling for breath, and non-responsive. This was a 
significant change in Joyce. Whilst the care home staff have noted 
Joyce was not feeling well there are no details at all and no 
investigation took place by Head of Care or anyone else into this. The 
family raised issues with the care staff including suggesting that 
Joyce potentially needed urgent immediate medical attention 
including an ambulance. The family say that the staff told her the 
doctor had been that day and that antibiotics were required. There is 
no record of the designated doctor seeing her on Wednesday or 
being asked to, there is no record of antibiotics. No one at the care 
home remembers the family raising an issue. There appears to be no 
place for such notes to be made. There is therefore no evidence from 
the care home on this point 

xiii.)  On Thursday 12th September 2019 again the notes reflect that Joyce 

was considered by the staff to be fine. It is noted she visited the toilet 

 
 twice in close succession in the morning. This may have been 
nothing but in the context of the week Joyce was having it was 
necessary to ask her some questions about this in case it was 
indicative of an issue. Again, the attitude has been to minimse any 
investigation into this change in behaviour. It was important enough 
to note but no basic further enquiries were made.   

xiv.)  The evidence of her being fine on Thursday is in contradiction with 

the family evidence that she was seen on Thursday by a family 
member who again considered her to be very unwell and described 
her as being green in colour. There is no evidence that this was raised 
with staff again but given it had been raised the day before and the 
family had been given the impression that action had been taken. It is 
also in contradiction with the GP notes of his examination and what 
he was told on morning of 13th. Recorded in his notes are “vomiting 
ongoing x 1 yday, again this morning”- that clearly suggests that 
Joyce vomited on Thursday 12th.  

xv.) 

The notes then disclose that Joyce was very poorly overnight. It does 
not describe how or in what way. There is a note by the night staff 
that the designated doctor was due to see her in the morning. Care 
staff saw Joyce in the morning and one staff member was concerned 
and could tell Joyce was very unwell: she was pale and lacking 
energy and breathless. Her observations showed she was unwell.  
She required a wheelchair to move her which given that prior to this 
she had mobility with a frame was a marked change. There was a 
lack of urgency in the seeking of medical attention for Joyce. In spite 
of being very poorly in the night it was considered suitable to wait 
for the GP to attend which was not until 12.20pm.   

xvi.)  His description of his arrival was that on entering the building she 

was clearly and visibily so unwell that even without examination he 
was sure she needed to go to hospital. He asked for the ambulance to 
be called and he undertook an examination which confirmed his 
suspicion of how ill she was. He told me that he was shocked at the 
deterioration in her between Monday and Friday.   

xvii.) 

Joyce was then conveyed to hospital by ambulance. She was 

 
 
 
 
 
 admitted to hospital with the following history: 3 day history of 
shortness of breath, and a two day history of vomiting. Also in the 
GP notes are the words “Has deteriorated since last visit on 
Wednesday”.  

xviii.)  Joyce was found to have sepsis from a secondary pneumonia 

following her mild viral stomach illness and she was found to be in 
peri-arrest. She was profoundly and seriously unwell. By this stage 
the hospital doctors considered that there was very little they could 
do for her and provided her with antibiotics and oxygen but she 
continued to deteriorate quickly and she died at 15.30.  

xix.) 

 Expert opinion of the nature of Joyce’s two conditions (pneumonia 
and heart attack) was that these were unlikely to be sudden onset 
over night on Thursday and that she was likely exhibiting signs of 
being unwell several days before. The expert evidence was that she 
was likely showing those signs in at least the 48 hours before her 
death. He told me that there was some possibility that in the diabetic 
and elderly symptoms can manifest differently than in another 
cohort and that the symptoms can be harder to recognise. However, 
the expert evidence was that Joyce was likely unwell enough to 
invite investigation and that the index of suspicion for patients in 
this cohort (that is elderly, frail, diabetes, other comorbidities, on 
painkillers) should be low.   

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless 
action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  There was a lack of continuous oversight, a lack of notes, a lack of review 

of those notes and no investigations at the Care Home. It has been 

 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 underlined to me heavily throughout the proceedings that the care staff 
are not medically qualified. I accept that and would not expect them to 
be so in a residential care home setting. However, they had a duty of 
care for Joyce and that included keeping her under sufficient observation 
to allow for medical assistance to be called promptly as necessary.  

2. 

 Although the staff were aware of their duties if someone was ill they did 
not  appear to have sufficient training or understanding of the signs of 
illness in the elderly which can be more subtle.  

3.  There was evidence of failure to ask Joyce simple questions to elicit 

whether concern was needed; trivialization of her symptoms by people 
who were not medically qualified to say that those symptoms were 
trivial; and a general lack of liaison with each other and overview such 
that in snapshot form it was possible to miss or to minimse the 
symptoms Joyce had over the course of a week and to make assumptions 
which then put Joyce at risk.  

4.  There was no recording of family concerns and no process in place to do 

so.  

5.  There were no accurate notes of when the designated doctor was to visit 

or who the doctor was asked to see.  

6.  The understanding and training about sepsis in elderly people was not 

adequate.  

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe 
your organisation has the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action 
is proposed. 

  
 
 
 
 
 8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons;  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he 
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, 
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Signed: 

J. Russell-Mitra 

Dated this 7th March 2022.

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