Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Katie Horne

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0253, written 11 Aug 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report11 Aug 2022
Reference2022-0253
DeceasedKatie Horne
CoronerAndrew Harris
Coroner areaLondon Inner (South)
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORTS TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

1.  CORONER 

I am Andrew Harris, Senior Coroner, London Inner South 
jurisdiction 

2.  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make these reports under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3.  INQUEST 

On 12th October 2021 an inquest into the death of Ms Katie Horne 
was opened. She died on 11th April 2020 in King’s College Hospital, 
London. (case ref: 11833245) The inquest was concluded by me on 
10th August 2022 with a conclusion of natural causes.  

4.  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Ms Katie Horne presented to Princess Royal (PRH) A&E department 
in Sussex with jaundice on 1st March 2020. She was diagnosed as 
having hepatitis and investigated as an outpatient. Her liver function 
tests were monitored and deteriorated. Viral antibody test results 
available on 9th were not identified by doctors until the 16th when her 
liver function tests were: bilirubin 493 and ALT 1439 and when a 
gastroenterologist was first consulted. She was admitted to PRH on 
18th due to concerns of incipient liver failure. Her care was reported to 
and monitored by Kings College Hospital liver unit (KCH) from 18th, 
but she was not transferred earlier as the first wave of the Covid 
pandemic limited the capacity of KCH to provide care. Her blood tests 
showed that liver biopsy was not possible at this stage and on 20th she 
was begun on steroids on the (correct) assumption she had auto-
immune hepatitis, but she proved to be steroid resistant. She was 
transferred to KCH for consideration of liver transplantation on 24th. 
By 30th she was found to be Covid positive which according to the best 
international guidance at the time was a contraindication to 
transplantation. She developed Covid pneumonitis and died at 05.22 
on 11th April. 

 5. 

6. 

This REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Road, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH16 4EX 

, Chief Executive, Princess Royal Hospital, Lewes 

THE CORONER’S MATTER OF CONCERN 

Despite multiple attendances as an outpatient with deteriorating 
hepatitis, it took 15 days for crucial blood test results to be seen by the 
doctors (in part due to lab backlog but there was no evidence of any 
doctor prioritising or chasing the results) or for a gastroenterologist to 
be consulted on care. This led to a liver biopsy not being possible (in 
part as her blood clotting had deteriorated) and later than necessary 
commencement of steroid therapy and consequent later referral for 
liver transplantion at Kings College Hospital. 

Although it was suggested that these failures in care were associated 
with the capacity of the hospital to deliver services in the first wave of 
the pandemic, there was little evidence to support or refute that. 
. 
ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

7. 

The case is brought to the attention of the hospital as there was no 
internal investigation, review or action plan to see whether these 
problems had resolved or were systemic. 

8.  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the 
date of this report, namely by Friday 7th October 2022.   I, the coroner, 
may extend the period.  

If you require any further information or assistance about the case, 
please contact the case officer, 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9.  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the following interested persons: 

 (parents) 

, AVMA 
 (for Kings College Hospital), Legal Director, 

Hill Dickson LLP 

I am also copying it to Rt Hon Baroness Heather Hallett DBE, Chair 
of the UK Covid 19 Inquiry, noting that the ability of one hospital to 
perform a liver biopsy, and another to admit in a timely manner to the 
liver unit and to conduct transplants were all materially affected by the 
pandemic, quite separately from the fact that Katie acquired the virus. 

I am also copying this to and The Care Quality Commission, who may 
have interest in the matter. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response. He may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

10.  [DATE]   

  [SIGNED BY CORONER] 

11th August 2022  

 A N G Harris, Senior Coroner

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from University Hospitals Sussex (PDF)
University Hospitals Sussex 
NHS  Foundation Trust 

Mr Andrew Harris 
Senior Coroner London  Inner South 
Southwark Coroner's Court 
1 Tennis  Street 
Southwark 
SE1  1YD 

University  Hospitals  Sussex NHS Foundation Trust 
Trust Headquarters 
Royal  Sussex County Hospital 
Eastern Road 
Brighton 
BN25BE 
www.uhsussex.nhs.uk 

4 October 2022 

Dear Mr Harris 

Inquest into the  death of Katie  Louise Horne - Regulation 28  report 

Thank  you  for  the  letter  from  your  clerk  of 31  August  2022,  enclosing  your  Prevention  of 
Future Deaths report. 

Firstly,  I wish  to  convey my deepest condolences to  Katie's  family  on  her tragic death.  I am 
acutely  aware  that  my  response  will  not  bring  Katie  back,  or  lessen  the  pain  that  Katie's 
parents  feel,  however,  I hope  they  can  take  some  small  comfort  in  how  seriously we  have 
taken  her death  and  the  improvements that we  have made. 

Although  the  delays  at  the  Princess  Royal  Hospital  did  not cause  Katie's  tragic  death  from 
covid,  I can  assure you  that Katie's case received senior oversight prior to  the inquest as part 
of the  complaint  investigation  and  discussion  at  our  serious  incident  review  group,  and  it 
continues  to  do  so.  My  response  below  summarises  the  actions  we  have  taken,  and  the 
improvements we  have made. 

The Chief of Service for the  Division  of Medicine confirms that the  Acute Medicine service at 
the  Princess  Royal  Hospital  was  set  up  in  early  March  2020  in  response  to  the  covid 
pandemic. As  such,  the service was  predominantly run  by a locum Consultant.  However, we 
now  provide,  at a  minimum,  a substantive  acute  physician  and  geriatrician  at  the  Princess 
Royal Hospital site every weekday, and the weekends the care and management is provided 
by the substantive general physicians. 

Ambulatory care,  instead  of running  out of a small  room  next to  the  Emergency Department, 
as it was in  March 2020,  is  now situated in  a large area connected to the Acute Medical ward, 
with  its  own  dedicated  nursing,  administrative,  and  medical  staff.  This  shares  the  same 
clinical governance and  standard  operating  procedures as the main  ambulatory care area  at 
the Royal Sussex County Hospital in  Brighton.  On§LQfthe~keystandard~operating procedu,res 
now  in  place  is  that  any  patient  whose  problem  is  not  resofvable-withJnJWQ  visifaJo Jhe 
emer§ency aml5T.ilatory care Llni( must be-referred to the  ap_12roj)riate  specialist service - this 
rufe  was  operaUonalat the  Royal  Sussex  County  Hospital  in  March  2020,  bufff liad  not  at 

 
 
 that time  been  set up  at the  Princess  Royal  Hospital.  I can  assure you  that  it  is  in  place  and 
regularly reviewed  by the  Division to  ensure it is  working. 

Our  Lead  Consultant  for Acute  Medicine  &  Same  Day  Emergency  Care  has  confirmed  the 
following  important changes we have made: 

1.  The Acute Medicine team now manage the rapid access medical unit (RAMU). A business 
case  has been  submitted  for additional  administration  support for  RAMU  at the  Princess 
Royal  Hospital,  in  line with  our service at the  Royal Sussex County Hospital. 

2.  We  now  have  a  virtual  environment which  allows  for  the  tracking  of outstanding  patient 

investigations,  including  blood test results. 

3.  We  have  established  a  Gastroenterology  'hot  clinic'  (urgent  new  presentation  clinic), 
which ensures referral of all jaundice patients after their initial assessment and  ultrasound 
scan.  This 'hot clinic'  is  run  by the Gastroenterology Registrars with  Consultant support. 

Our Lead Consultant Gastroenterologisthc1s gonfirmed thatther~ar~ sp~c::ialiststaff available 
?_aays .9. we,~l(fo  contaafc>r advice.  Furthermore,  we now have a digital enhanced cordless 
technology  (DECT)  'phone  (in  addition  to  the  normal  bleeps  and  mobile telephones)  which 
the  Gastroenterology Registrars carry to  ensure they are contactable.  The  Gastroenterology 
Bleep  number/DECT 'phone  number is  in  the  directory on  the  Induction  app which  all junior 
doctors are provided with. 

I can  confirm that it is  extremely unlikely there would be a similar delay in  the future,  as after 
initial  assessment,  the  patient  is  now  referred  to  Gastroenterology  'hot  clinic'  with  their 
autoimmune  profile  pending.  The  Gastroenterology  'hot  clinic'  team  arrange  appropriate 
assessment,  likely  in  person,  at the  Emergency Ambulatory Care  Unit (EACU)  at the  Royal 
Sussex County Hospital,  and  they ensure that all  the  relevant test results  are available  from 
the  laboratory. 

To ensure wider learning  and  sharing  of the changes and  improvements we  have made,  the 
c::ase  has_p~E:l!J.PI.esented(anonymously)atour monthly  Patient Safety Group  which  has  a 
wTcTe attendance of staff from  all  our hospitals. 

·····. 

Our services were  under extreme pressure in  March  2020 due to  the  first wave of the global 
covid  pandemic.  I hope  the  changes we  have  made since,  set out  in  this  response,  provide 
you with assurance and confidence in  our service. We strive to  continually learn and  improve 
the services we provide to  our patients. 

My thoughts are with  Katie's family and  friends. 

Yours sincerely, 

Chief Executive

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