Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Barbara Hollis

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0264, written 26 Aug 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report26 Aug 2022
Reference2022-0264
DeceasedBarbara Hollis
CoronerJaqueline Lake
Coroner areaNorfolk
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards)
Organisation namedEast of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 
Chief Executive 
East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust 
Whiting Way 
Melbourn 
Cambridgeshire 
SG8 6EN 

1 

CORONER 

I am JACQUELINE LAKE, senior coroner, for the coroner area of NORFOLK 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 04 March 2022 I commenced an investigation into the death of Barbara HOLLIS aged 71. 
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 24 August 2022.  The medical cause 
of death was: 
1a Fat Embolism 
1b Left Total Knee Replacement Operation  
2 Acute Myocardial Infarction 

The conclusion of the inquest was that: Mrs Hollis died from a rare but recognised risk of an 
elective  operation 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 
Mrs Hollis underwent a total left knee replacement operation on 22 February 2022. The 
surgery was uneventful with no complications. After her return to the ward Mrs Hollis 
became restless and confused. Following a review of her deteriorating condition the decision 
was made to transfer her to the High Dependency Unit at the Norfolk and Norwich University 
Hospital. Arrangements were made for the transfer and the ambulance service was called at 
19.51 hours and were told that immediate clinical intervention was needed. The agreed 
hospital to hospital transfer pathway was not followed. A two hour delay in ambulance 
attendance was notified. Mrs Hollis continued to deteriorate and the ambulance service was 
telephoned again at 21.17 hours. 
The ambulance attended at 21.27 hours and Mrs Hollis was taken to the High Dependency 
Unit at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. Her condition continued to deteriorate 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 and Mrs Hollis died  in the early hours of the 23 February 2022. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

1. EEAST were telephoned at 19.51 hours and the caller said that immediate intervention was 
needed. The incorrect pathway was then followed and it is understood action has been taken 
in this respect. 
2. The call was coded as a Category 2 response, with the aim of responding within 40 minutes 
and with the average response time of 18 minutes 
3. At 21.17 hours a second telephone call was made to EEAST. An ambulance was on scene at 
21.27 hours 
4. There were no emergency ambulances to respond to the initial 999 call due to high 
demand on the service 
5. It is accepted that EEAST have taken several steps following the increase in call demand 
and  subsequent  delays  in  responding  to  patients.  However,  evidence  was  heard  that  it 
will take up to a year to see if these steps are effective. In the meantime, there is concern 
that future deaths will occur 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or your 
organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by October 20, 2022.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 
COPIES and PUBLICATION 

8 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

Spire Healthcare 

I have also sent it to 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Department of Health 
Care Quality Commission (CQC) 
HSIB 
Healthwatch Norfolk 
NHS England & NHS Improvement who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all interested 
persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or of 
interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Dated: 07/10/2022 

Jacqueline LAKE 
Senior Coroner for 
Norfolk 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from East of England Ambulance Service (PDF)
INHS|

East of England
Ambulance Service
NHS Trust

Ms Jacqueline Lake East of England Ambulance

Senior Coroner for Norfolk Service NHS Trust

PC Whiting Way

Melbourn
Cambridgeshire

20 October 2022
SG8 6NA

Dear Ms Lake
Inquest into the death of Barbara Hollis

lam writing further to the inquest into the death of Barbara Hollis, which took place on
24 August 2022, and the concerns you raised in relation to the delay in EEAST attending.
| understand that Chris Hewetson gave evidence in relation to the steps the Trust was
taking to manage the current call demand and you have requested a further review to
establish if further steps should be taken in respect of this.

The Trust is working hard with our system partners across the region to ensure that our
patients are safe during this challenging period. Like all other ambulance trusts, we are
also working with the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB) to continue to
escalate our concerns. | have attached our current delay action plan that has recently
been reviewed.

At a local level, the Trust has a number of ongoing actions in Norfolk aimed at
addressing the handover delays. Daily system calls take place between EEAST, and
other stakeholders, chaired by the ICB (Integrated Care Board) and respective hospitals
and discuss any lengthy delays and interim measures that need to be put in place. The
‘Category 1 drop and go’ and ‘Category 2 rapid release’ projects are also in place
although these are not always available at the acute due to capacity.

To highlight the nature of the handover delays, last month we lost 6295 hours of
ambulance time outside hospitals in Norfolk waiting to handover, after the 15-minute
handover period (i.e., not including that time). This does not account for the hours spent
‘cohorting’ patients, nor the lost manager time supporting this. As can be seen the effect
on our C2 response time is hugely significant and correlates directly with delayed
handovers. Escalations continue to take place regularly at executive level to try and ease
this situation, but the trend nevertheless is still currently worsening.

Impact of Norfolk Hospital delays

7000 55:12
6000 40:48
5000 26:24
4000 12:00

57:36
3000 43:12
2000 28:48
1000 14:24

Axis Title

The initiative mentioned earlier relate to the ‘Category 1 drop and go’ process which
means that if a Category 1 call is received and there is a crew waiting with a patient at
hospital, the crew can drop their patient off immediately to attend to the Catego
patient. Equally, the ‘Category 2 rapid release’ means that if a Category 2 patient has

een assessed over the phone by a Clinical Co-ordinator and revalidated as a valid
Category 2 call, the rapid release programme allows a crew to handover a patient at the
hospital within 10 minutes to allow that crew to then attend to the Category 2 patient.
The aim of these schemes is to help improve the response time to patients who are
suffering with chest pain or potentially having a stroke.

Furthermore, the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) released a briefing
for HM Coroners in relation to hospital handover delays and delayed ambulance
responses to 999 calls and this was shared with your office on 30 August 2022. | have
also attached a copy for your information.

| am sorry for the delay that Barbara Hollis and her family experienced and | would be
grateful if you could pass a copy of this letter onto Barbara’s family.

Yours sincerel

Chief Executive
Response from Spire Norwich Hospital (PDF)
Private and Confidential 

HM Coroners Court 

County Hall 

Norwich 

NRl 2DH 

4'" November 2022 

Dear Madam 

S2 

Spire
Norwich Hospital

Spire Norwich Hospital 
Old Wat~on Road 
Colney 
Norw;ch
NR4 7TD 

Following the three inq uests held earlier this ye~r in relation to the deaths ofl 

Barbara 

I am w riting to update you on actions taken  in response to t he 

re commendations you made: 

•  Ensure all patients admit ted to Spire  No rwi ch  Hospital are aware that the hospital does not 

have an  on-site critical ca re unit 
In liaison with East of England Ambulance Service, agree a process t o support timely 

• 

ambulance transfers and early notification of when an ambulance is required 

In  order to ensure.all patients are aware that Spire Norwich Hospit al does not have a critical care 

unit, we have added the following word ing to patient admission letters: 

In the unlikely event of an unforeseen emergency requiring specialist care or facilit ies not 

available at Spire Norwich Hospital, it may be necessary to transfer you to the Norfolk and 

Norwich University Hospital. If this is necessary, it will be as an NHS patient, as many services are 

simply not provided privately in these circumstances, and  rapid emergency NHS treatment would 

be  in your best interest. 

I met with 
(EEAST)  on the 1311'  October 2022 to discuss options to improve ambulance response times fo r inter-

, Patient Safety Officer (EEAST)  and 

, Control Room  Lead 

provider transfe rs.  We discussed the pressure facing the ambulance service at  this time in gre at 
detail and 

 took the time to explain that it w ould not be possible to provide any 

assurance regarding ambulance response times or to agree an early notification or booking service 

as you had suggested, due to t he req uirement to manage demand through the existing triage and 
prioritisation syst em. However, w e did acknowledge that the ability to have a clinician t o clinician 

d iscussion, where Spi re  senior nursing or medical staff can spea k to a clinica l lead within EEAST 
w ould enable det ailed  information to be provided regarding the rational e for transf er and patient 

condition. This  would  provide the ambulance service  wi th more cli nical information to assist with 

prioritisation of resources along w ith providing Spire statt more information in relatio n to wait ing 

times, thus assisting w ith patien t  care  management plans whilst awaiting transfer. Therefore, we 

have agreed the following; 

•  On occasions where a delayed  response  to an  IFT request is advised the caller may wish t o 

sp eak to the EOC Clinical  Co-ordinator direct ly, or request a clinical review, for consideration 
of a Priority Response, Rapid Release or Drop and Go to facilitate a more prompt response. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Details ot the reques t,  including caller contact name and number, and  a brief summary of 

any information pertinent to the request  (such as treatment window or risk of deterioration) 
shoulci he recorded in CAD notes anrl escalated t o the Clinical Co-ordinator throu~h no rmal 
esca lation channels. 

•  The EOC Clinical Co-ordinator is  to review any such request as  per normal process and 

decision making taking into account community risk and demand. Any decision must be 

communicated to the clinician  making the IFT request and re levant dispatch team as 
required. 

We continue to consider other options to support t imely transfer of patients, including liaison  with 
private ambulance providers. The cha llenges with ambula nce transfer delays have been reported  to 
Spire Healthca re' s Executive committee and we  are being supported to seek  solutions to t his 
challenge  at a national level. 

Kind regards 

Director of Clinical Services

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