Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022
Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0317, written 10 Oct 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.
| Date of report | 10 Oct 2022 |
|---|---|
| Reference | 2022-0317 |
| Deceased | Charles Stringer |
| Coroner | Karen Henderson |
| Coroner area | Surrey |
| Category | Road (Highways Safety) related deaths |
| Source | judiciary.uk record · original PDF |
| Responses published | 1 |
Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.
IN THE SURREY CORONER’S COURT IN THE MATTER OF: __________________________________________________________ The Inquest Touching the Death of Charles Michael Stringer A Regulation 28 Report – Action to Prevent Future Deaths __________________________________________________________ THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: • Chief executive, Surrey County Council • Lead for Highways Agency, Surrey County Council 1 CORONER Dr Karen Henderson, HM Assistant Coroner for Surrey 2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS I make this report under paragraph 7(1) of Schedule 5 to The Coroners and Justice Act 2009. 3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST On 29th November 2021 I resumed the Inquest touching on the death of Charles Michael Stringer which concluded on 30th November 2021. The medical cause of death given was: 1a. Penetrating injury to the apex of right chest I determined ‘Mr Charles Michael Stringer was a very fit man and a proficient cyclist. He developed a punctured tyre on his front wheel of his bike after hitting a pothole, which was awaiting repair, whilst cycling on Church Lane Headley. Following the puncture, he lost control of his bicycle and hit an iron railing at the side of the road. This resulted in a catastrophic chest injury incompatible with survivable and he died at 12.44 hours on 22nd June 2020 in Church Lane, Headley’. My conclusion was that of an ACCIDENT 4. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH Statutory responsibility for road defect repairs lies with Surrey County Council (SCC) but they contract regular inspections and responses to public complaints and repairs to Keir Customer Services. Church Lane was inspected monthly and was last routinely inspected on the 26th May 2020 when no defects were seen or recorded. On 3rd June 2020 a member of the public informed the Council there was a pothole which was the one responsible for Mr Stringer’s accident. An investigator attended the area on 4th June 2020 but failed to find the pothole, making an assumption that a repair on the road some 100m or so away from the pothole was responsible for the complaint. On 6th June 2020 another member of the public reported the same pothole. An investigator attended on 9th June 2020, found the pothole and visually categorised it as a P3 pothole which allocated a maximum of 20 days for it to be repaired. On 11th June 2020 a third concern was raised for the same pothole, but the member of the public was erroneously informed it had been repaired. On 17th June 2020 the same member of the public contacted the council again to say that contrary to what they were told, the pothole had not been repaired. The same investigator attended and noted the pothole had deteriorated in the meantime. He re-categorised the pothole as a P 2 with repair required within five days: no later than 23rd June 2020, which was the day after Mr Stringer died after hitting the pothole. 5 CORONER’S CONCERNS Written submissions from the family and from SCC were requested following the conclusion of the Inquest in relation to PFD matters which has given rise to ongoing concerns: 1. A lack of reflection by SCC following Mr Stringer’s death SCC indicated in their written submissions that a senior manager was available to give evidence as to reflection and learning following Mr Stringer’s death, in the absence of any such evidence in writing or a request to do so during the hearing. 2. A lack of action and/or change to the management of potholes by SCC following Mr Stringer’s death SCC has indicated in written submissions that a number of discussions have taken place following Mr Stringer’s death but there has been no documented changes in systems or practice in particular: 1. What steps have been taken to ensure inspectors of defects are fully informed of recent complaints including those from members of the public regarding damage to bicycles by the state of the road. 2. What steps have been taken in the provision of a detailed and robust risk assessment by inspectors with all the available information available such as past complaints, the nature of the road and who uses the road to ensure a ‘holistic’ approach to decision making with regard to the necessity and the speed of road repairs. 3. What, if any, changes have been made to the pictorial guide and the matrix given to inspectors to ensure training there is not an ‘overly mechanistic’ assessment of a road defect. 4. What steps have been taken to ensure there is appropriate and timely communication between the SCC contact centre and the highways department such as a standard operating procedure in place when complaints must be forwarded on and responded to? 5. What steps have been taken to ensure repairs are completed in a timely fashion after serious injuries and deaths have occurred, as a result of a road defect? 6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe that the people listed in paragraph one have the power to take such action. 7 YOUR RESPONSE You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of its date; I may extend that period on request. Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for such action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. 8 COPIES I have sent a copy of this report to the following: 1. See names in paragraph 1 above 2. 3. 4. Kier Integrated services Limited In addition to this report, I am under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who, he believes, may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. Signed: Karen Henderson DATED this 10th Day of October 2022
1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.
Dr Karen Henderson
HM Coroner’s Court
Station Approach
Woking
Surrey
GU22 7AP
Woodhatch Place
11 Cockshot Hill
Woodhatch
Reigate
RH2 8EF
5th December 2022
Re: Regulation 28 Report - Action to Prevent Future Deaths - Charles Michael
STRINGER
Dear Coroner Henderson,
Further to the issuing of a Prevention of Future Deaths Report on 10 October 2022, please
find below Surrey County Council’s (SCC) response.
At the outset, Surrey County Council once again wishes to pass on our condolences to the
Stringer family following this tragic incident.
The Inquest concluded on 30 November 2021 and a conclusion of ‘Accident’ was reached.
Following the hearing, written submissions were provided on the issue of whether a PFD
Report or a Letter of Concern should be issued. SCC made submissions that neither would
be appropriate in the circumstances but understands that the Coroner reached the decision
that a Letter of Concern would be written. However, notwithstanding this decision a PFD
Report was issued on 10 October 2022. It is to this Report that SCC now responds.
SCC understands that the two issues which the Coroner would like addressed are set out
within Section 5 of the PFD Report:
1. A lack of reflection by SCC following Mr Stringer’s death.
2. A lack of action and/or change to the management of potholes by SCC following Mr
Stringer’s death.
Lack of reflection
SCC indicated to the Coroner that a witness in senior management was available to give
evidence on reflection and learning following Mr Stringer’s death, once the Coroner had raised
this as a concern. Prior to this, the Coroner had not requested such evidence and it was not
incumbent on SCC to proffer such evidence in the absence of a direction to do so or indication
that it was a concern that needed to be addressed. Once the Coroner had indicated her
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concern in this regard, evidence was provided (in written form) by Ms Amanda Richards,
addressing each of the points of concern raised by the Family.
SCC maintain that a significant degree of reflection did take place following Mr Stringer’s death
and is unclear about the respects in which this was deemed to be inadequate. SCC would like
to reiterate that reflection did take place following Mr Stringer’s death as set out below and
changes aimed at improving the service have occurred since the sad death of Mr Stringer.
Lack of action and/or change to the management of potholes
The Coroner has indicated that the written submissions provided (it is assumed by
refer to ‘a number of discussions…but there has been no documented changes in
systems of practice’. SCC notes that the conclusion of the Inquest was Accident and that the
Coroner determined that at every relevant inspection where the index defect was identified, it
was classified correctly, and an appropriate repair completion date was imposed. Tragically,
Mr Stringer’s accident occurred whilst the pothole was scheduled for repair (and was within
the appropriate repair time window).
The Inquest did not therefore determine that the current system was inadequate. However,
given the tragic circumstances of Mr Stringer’s death, SCC has undertaken reviews of each
of the issues raised by the Family (set out at paragraphs 1-5 in Section 5 of the PFD Report)
and several changes have been made since the Inquest (albeit not all directly as a result of
this Inquest). Most pertinently the main changes since Mr Stringer’s passing are:
1. We have recently reprocured our Highways Term Maintenance contract and have
taken the opportunity to consider improvements to the services we deliver. For
example, SCC have now increased the potential to be able to carry out larger scale
pothole repairs, where conditions warrant it, which will help prevent future potholes
and improve road condition for all users.
2. The highways-inspector role (for routine and reactionary) inspections has been
brought in-house to SCC having previously been a function that was outsourced to our
Term Maintenance Contractor. This has facilitated greater local knowledge and
consistency across inspections (for example, all inspectors are more likely to know
which routes are popular cycle-routes due to their local knowledge) and allows SCC to
have control over all highways-inspector training.
3. The Local Transport Plan 4 (LTP4) is currently being implemented. This has prompted
broad consideration of ways to improve the services we deliver. In particular, the LTP4
places greater emphasis on cyclist-use of roads within the network and steps are being
taken to collect data on cycle-routes in order to inform future decisions about how best
to incorporate this knowledge into the policy and systems and, if appropriate, to
facilitate access to this data for highways-inspectors.
1. What steps have been taken to ensure inspectors of defects are fully informed
of recent complaints including those from members of the public regarding
damage to bicycles by the state of the road.
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Inspections are based on what the Inspector sees at the point in time that the inspection takes
place. SCC often gets multiple reports of what might be the same defect and there can be a
variety of reasons why certain defects may be the subject of multiple reports (it is not always
the case that a higher number of reports means that a defect poses a greater risk than a defect
which has received only one report). For this reason, while we assess all reports from the
public regarding potential safety defects, we need to ensure that limited resources are not
diverted or biased based on what can be inconsistent reporting by the public. It is important
that inspections that are prompted by a customer complaint are carried out to review what is
reported at that point in time as an independent one-off inspection carried out by a trained
Inspector.
There are risks and benefits to providing historical data and not providing it. These have been
carefully considered, and SCC is still giving specific consideration to whether providing
historical complaint data to Inspectors would be beneficial.
SCC is in the process of building a new data system and is exploring the option of having a
data history available to inspectors as part of this.
2. What steps have been taken in the provision of a detailed and robust risk
assessment by inspectors with all the available information available such as
past complaints, the nature of the road and who uses the road to ensure a
‘holistic’ approach to decision making with regard to the necessity and the
speed of road repairs.
As above, Mr Stringer’s death prompted further internal discussions about whether historical
complaint data should be provided to Inspectors. There are risks and benefits of providing this
information and these are being carefully considered.
Inspectors identify risks by visual inspection and evaluate them in terms of their significance,
which means assessing the likely impact should the risk occur and the probability of it actually
happening.
The impact is quantified by assessing the extent of damage likely to be caused should the risk
become an incident. As the impact is likely to increase with increasing speed, the level of
traffic, the type of traffic, and the type of road, all of these aspects are considered in the
assessment.
The probability is quantified by assessing the likelihood of users, passing by or over the defect,
encountering the risk. As the probability is likely to increase with increasing flows and the type
of traffic, the network hierarchy and defect location are considered in the assessment.
Based upon the potential impact and probability and in accordance with the guidance set out
in the Highways Risk Matrix, the Inspector will determine the appropriate category for the
defect.
We have recently reviewed one of our key strategies, our Local Transport Plan (LTP4), which
sets the policy direction for transport across Surrey. As part of that we are reviewing how to
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more positively accommodate more sustainable modes of transport on our network, including
cyclists, into our network management regimes. Implementation of the LTP4 has specifically
focused efforts on factoring in use by cyclists of particular routes and data is currently being
gathered on this issue.
The main sources of information we have identified for mapping cycle movements is
Propensity to Cycle data, the SCC Better Points app, Strava, and cycle counting technology
such as image recognition from CCTV cameras. Following analysis of the data, decisions will
be made on whether changes to maintenance polices are needed. In particular, consideration
is currently being given to creating a cycle hierarchy similar to the existing carriageway and
footway hierarchies. A bespoke hierarchy focussed on cycle routes will enable interventions
on routes that are used by cyclists to be more clearly based on the usage and risks for cyclists.
In terms of Inspections, this will give the Inspectors valuable information about the cycle usage
of the routes they are inspecting, rather than relying on their local knowledge.
This work is ongoing with data gathering and consultation taking place with relevant
stakeholders including Council officers, Members, other authorities and cycling groups.
Outputs are due to be reported within the next 6 months with any recommendations for
changes then going through council governance processes.
Also relevant is the change in our Highways Maintenance Contractor which although not
related to the inquest, it has allowed us to make changes to how the service is delivered. SCC
has moved all highways-inspector roles (routine and reactionary) in-house (from 2022) which
enables enhanced and better use of ‘local knowledge’ and continuity to inspections. All
Inspectors will now have access to SCC asset data including street history information (details
of works or defects that have previously occurred on the section of road), and all officers will
have a clear understanding of the inspection process and points of contact though regular
meetings and training.
3. What, if any, changes have been made to the pictorial guide and the matrix given
to inspectors to ensure training there is not an ‘overly mechanistic’ assessment
of a road defect.
All highway authorities have their own guidance and processes to provide guidance to staff in
carrying out their role. The pictures are helpful to give an indication of the types of defect that
may fall into each category and as an aide-mémoire. The document clearly states that it is
there to “assist” with identification and classification and that it should be used in conjunction
with other information. Comparing the visual characteristics of a defect against the pictures in
the guide provides a good starting point for Inspectors when assessing the risk posed by a
defect.
The pictorial guide is periodically reviewed and following this inquest SCC has reviewed it in
detail and a new draft has been produced with a number of pictures updated along with
updates to reflect the changes introduced as part of the new contact arrangements. SCC
maintains that the pictures provide suitable supplementary assistance for classification of
defects in accordance with the policy. The most recent review aligns the guide with the
changes made as part of the new contract arrangements in terms of repairing the area
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surrounding the defect if the surrounding surface is not sound rather than repairing just the
defect itself.
SCC has also re-emphasised to Inspectors that the pictorial guide and matrix are to be used
as only part of their dynamic risk assessment for each defect, with the visual characteristics
of each defect (and comparison to the pictures in the guide) being only one aspect of that
assessment.
In addition to the pictorial guide and matrix, the training that Inspectors receive continues to
emphasise that the situational and wider characteristics of a defect are important – as
described in point 2 above. Refresher training happens regularly for SCC Inspectors which
covers the risk assessment process and how a dynamic risk assessment is to be conducted
without placing over-reliance on the dimensions of a defect in an overly mechanistic way.
Recent changes to the organisational structure have meant that all the highway inspectors
now work directly for SCC (as above). This will improve the control and consistency in training
and also SCC’s ability to ensure that regular training is undertaken for all highways-inspectors.
SCC also has a team dedicated to carrying out internal audits of the quality of repairs and of
the assessment of defects to ensure that an ‘overly mechanistic’ approach is not adopted. All
stages of the safety defect process from identification and categorisation through to the repair
Issues are reviewed and, where necessary,
are monitored and scrutinised continuously.
discussed with relevant officers. Trends and performance are reported through a monthly
performance board and as a result processes are continuously evolving across the teams
involved.
4. What steps have been taken to ensure there is appropriate and timely
communication between the SCC contact centre and the highways department
such as a standard operating procedure in place when complaints must be
forwarded on and responded to?
The primary method for contacting the Highways service is by using the on-line web-portal
which is where the vast majority of highway concerns are reported and which go directly to
the Highways Service. Customers are also able to phone the SCC contact centre to raise
issues and the contact centre will log issues with the Highways Service on their behalf. The
corporate standard response time is 5 days.
Performance with regards to response times for enquiries is monitored regularly and any
issues with processes or systems are addressed. Regular discussions take place between
the Highways Service and the Customer Contact Centre. Discussions took place following
this case and Customer Care Centre operatives were subsequently instructed to make direct
and immediate contact with Highways if there is anything they are unsure about.
5. What steps have been taken to ensure repairs are completed in a timely fashion
after serious injuries and deaths have occurred, as a result of a road defect?
We have reviewed the timeline of notification to repair a defect following incidents on the road
network. We have reinforced the process to both Surrey Police and the Surrey Contact Centre
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of the requirement to notify the Highways Service immediately in these circumstances to
enable a timely response.
SCC hopes that the above demonstrates that significant reflection and action has occurred
since Mr Stringer’s sad passing and that work is ongoing to improve the service.
Yours sincerely,
Chief Executive of Surrey County Council
Director of Highways and Transport
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