Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Philip Battle

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0381, written 25 Nov 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report25 Nov 2022
Reference2022-0381
DeceasedPhilip Battle
CoronerAndre Rebello
Coroner areaLiverpool and Wirral
CategorySuicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1  North West Ambulance Service NWAS 
2  Director of Public Health Prof. 
3  Chief Constable 
4  Police And Crime Commissioner 

1  CORONER 

I am Andre REBELLO, Senior Coroner for the coroner area of Liverpool and Wirral 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 25 July 2022 I commenced an investigation into the death of Philip John BATTLE aged 
73.  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 25 November 2022.  The 
conclusion of the inquest was that: Mr Battle died by suicide 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Philip John Battle lived in warden supervised sheltered accommodation. On the 8th July 
2022 he phoned the North West Ambulance service at 11.20. The call indicated an overdose 
and self-harm by hanging. From the triage protocol then in use this was graded as a 
category 3 response. This should have resulted in a response within 120 minutes. An 
ambulance arrived at his secure flat at 15.08 and found Mr Battle had died. He had a 
ligature around his neck 
15.10. It remains unclear as to at what time Mr Battle died. 

. He was certified as having died at 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

Evidence has been received that Philip Battle self-referred to the ambulance service stating 
he had taken and overdose and that he had tried to hang himself. The then triage system 
(medical priority dispatch) concentrated on questions relating to physical health such as his 
physiological function rather than assessing the actual presenting risks from poor mental 
health including self-inflicted fatal harm. Mr Battle lived in warden monitored sheltered 
accommodation and no inquiry was made about whether someone could be telephoned to 
check on his safety. Even if Mr Battle had not been in sheltered accommodation, it was 
unclear as to why there was no triage question about a phone number for a friend or 
relative. Evidence was given that NWAS work with Lancashire police and the health service 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 
 
 in Blackpool with the Synergy project sharing the resources of a triage mental health car. 
These arrangements and relationships do not exist in Liverpool. The Court was concerned 
about silo - public health working between Blue light services - given the limited mental 
health intervention resource for NWAS was not on duty on the morning of 8th July and 
there was no call to Merseyside Police to see if its Mental Health triage car was available to 
intervene. Evidence was heard that these services need commissioning and there was no 
arrangement between Merseyside Police and the NWAS to share mental health intervention 
resources. This issue appears to become more important when the court heard of the plans 
for three mental health ambulances to be available in Merseyside and Cheshire in the near 
future. 
The Court would like the ambulance service, Police and health providers to work 
together with the public funds at their respective disposal to develop in concert 
and to share community mental health crisis intervention resources for the good 
of the public. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by January 20, 2023.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 
The family of Mr Battle 

I have also sent it to the two main NHS mental health providers in Merseyside 

Mersey care NHS Foundation Trust and the Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS 
Foundation Trust 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 25/11/2022 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 Andre REBELLO 
Senior Coroner for 
Liverpool and Wirral 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Meryside Police (PDF)
André Rebello OBE 
Senior Coroner Liverpool and Wirral Area 

SK/HJF 

20 January 2023 

Dear André 

I am responding to your recent correspondence pertaining to the death of Mr Battle. 

I  note  that  you  are  inviting  Merseyside  Police  and  NWAS  to  consider  joint  operability  of  mental 
health  triage  cars.    I  understand  that  you  have  heard  evidence  as  to  the  existence  of  a  joint 
operability programme in Blackpool but were unaware of the services available in Merseyside.   

Within the Merseyside Police force area the force has three mental health triage cars.  At the time 
of writing these cars operate as follows: 

•  Wirral  Car  -  7  late  shifts  (12.00-00:00  hrs)  &  3  day  shifts  Tuesday,  Wednesday  &  Thursday 

(0800-1600)  

•  St Helens and Knowsley car - 7 late shifts (1500-0100). Day shifts are currently suspended due 

to staffing issues on NHS side  

•  Liverpool  and  Sefton  -  7  day/late  shifts  a  week  1030-0100.   The  Liverpool  and  Sefton  car 

addressed 53.4% of demand across the force. 

In considering our response we sought to understand from Lancashire Constabulary how the joint 
operability model works in Blackpool and have been informed as follows:- 

Synergy  is  commissioned  by  Local  Integrated  Care  Board  (ICB,  the  new  name  for  NHS 
Commissioners), and covers Blackpool and Fylde & Wyre operating 1600 – 0000, 7 days a week. 
The car is staffed with a Response Officer, Paramedic & Mental Health Practitioner.  The Synergy 
car  can  respond  to  mental  health  related  police  incidents  and  NWAS  mental  health  related 
incidents.  Which  agency’s  incident  the  car  responds  to,  is  decided  by  the  staff  in  the  car  at  the 
time. 

Therefore, the Synergy model does not mean that the police (in company with a MH practitioner) 
are servicing NWAS incidents (and vice versa). What it does mean is that, often at incidents there 
is a professional that is not required e.g. an NWAS incident with no policing purpose has an officer 
attend with NWAS and the practitioner. 

Synergy  does  not  have a written remit  and  Lancashire  Constabulary  do not  have  data to identify 
the split in demand between police/NWAS incidents that it deploys to. 

Chief Constable 

 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lancashire Police have stated that if they were informed of a case similar to that of Mr Battle and 
NWAS have it as a Cat 3 and have not identified any threat to life, there is no requirement for the 
police.  In my view the way to address this issue  would be through the information gathered and 
the risk assessment during the initial call to NWAS. 

Merseyside Police when setting up this service and indeed though review of the service and best 
practice, have looked at and considered inter-operability models with NWAS, however, they are not 
considered within this area to be the best use of personnel, as effectively it would lead to a vehicle 
crewed  by  three  personnel,  one  of  whom  would  almost  always  be  surplus  to  requirements  and 
indeed  I  would  suggest  that  there  will  be  more  resource  available  if  the  current  model  is 
maintained. 

I  am  aware  that  in  Merseyside,  NWAS  have  emulated  the  police  model  and  they  have  three 
designated cars for Merseyside.  I am aware that the cars have funding for 7.5 hours per day but it 
is  the  aspiration  of  the NWAS  trust to operate  them  12  hours  per  day.  I  understand the hours  of 
deployment are 0800 – 2000 Monday to Thursday and 1000 – 22.0 Friday to Sunday. 

When  both  the  NWAS  cars  and  the  Merseyside  Police  cars  are  on  duty  there  is  communication 
between the practitioners in the vehicles so that the most clinically effective use of resources can 
be made. 

As  you  may  be  aware  the  demand  on  all  of  the  emergency  services  has  led  to  a  nationally 
advocated  Right  Care  Right  Person model  being  developed.    The  adoption  of  this  model  means 
the  appropriate  state  agency  is  deployed  and  that  each  of  police,  NWAS  etc  resources  can  be 
deployed as appropriate.  

In this case based on the information that the police have from your report there would not have 
been a requirement for police attendance.   

Merseyside Police are committed to working effectively with Blue Light partners, however, having 
considered  the  issues  and  discussed  them  with  NWAS  we  do  not  believe  that  a  joint  operability 
model is appropriate for the Merseyside communities that we serve.  

Yours sincerely 

Chief Constable 

Chief Constable
Response from North West Ambulance Service (PDF)
LADYBRIDGE HALL 
399 Chorley New Road 
Bolton 
BL1 5DD 

T:  0345 112 0999 

nwas.nhs.uk 

Andre Rebello HM 
Senior Coroner 
Liverpool and Wirral 

BY EMAIL ONLY 

23 January 2023 

Dear Mr Rebello, 

Regulation 28 report 

Thank you for your letter dated 25 November 2022 sent following the conclusion of the inquest touching 
the death of Mr Battle. 

I know that you will share my response with Mr Battle’s family and I firstly want to express my sincere 
condolences to his family. 

NWAS’ core purpose is to save lives, prevent harm and offer services which optimise the likelihood of 
positive patient outcomes. It is of deep regret that on this occasion NWAS was unable to attend to Mr 
Battle as quickly as it should have and I am extremely sorry for that. NWAS takes all adverse events very 
seriously and it undertook an internal investigation into the attendance on Mr Battle.  

Through the Regulation 28 report, you have requested that NWAS considers your matters of concern and 
have suggested that action is taken to prevent future deaths occurring in the future. By this letter, I will 
address that concern as far as I’m able to do so. 

Shared resources between Merseyside Police and NWAS. 

Through the oral evidence that was before you during the inquest, you are aware that in other areas of the 
North West region there are initiatives in place for NWAS, a mental health service and a local Police force 
to share a mental health triage car. As you correctly identify in your report, those arrangements do not 
exist in Liverpool. However, the Psynergy model to which you refer is the only model of its type within the 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 North West Region and is reflective of the particular demands of that geographical area.  

The  NHS  long  term  plan  (2019/20  to  2023/24)  makes  a  commitment  to  pursuing  an  ambitious 
transformation of mental health care, including the improvement of ambulance responses to those patients 
who need urgent and emergency assistance in respect of their mental health. Indeed, initiatives such as 
mental health response vehicles form part of this model of improvement.  

The  NHS  Long  Term  plan  is  clear  in  its  recommendation  that  the  response  to  mental  health problems 
(including response vehicles) is to be health led as they are health related issues. In the financial year 
ending 2022/23, NHSE released an amount of capital funding for which ambulance trusts, in partnership 
with their regional Integrated Care Board (“ICB”) and local mental health trusts, have tendered in order to 
purchase  the  mental  health  response  vehicles.  The  staffing  for  such  response  vehicles  is  separately 
funded through the Mental Health Investment Standards, which is attached to the NHS Long Term Plan.  
Within the North West, the scope, specification and operating model of the mental health response vehicles 
is reviewed and agreed by a pan North West steering group, chaired by the NHSE regional mental health 
lead,  which  includes  all  of  the  regional  ICBs,  NWAS  and  mental  health  trusts.  It  is  necessary  to  work 
together in partnership with one another in order to achieve the commitments made within the NHS Long 
Term Plan. 

Police  forces  have  similarly  introduced  response  vehicles  in  order  to  provide  further  assistance  to 
individuals with mental health needs but in relation to policing matters, for example, for the purpose of 
detection  and  prevention  of  crime  and  reducing  the  number  of  patients  inappropriately  detained  under 
s136 Mental Health Act. Funding for these police vehicles is not derived from the Department of Health 
and Social Care/NHS but via the local Police and Crime Commissioner.  

You have asked that NWAS, Merseyside Police and the local mental health trusts work together in concert 
and share community mental health crisis intervention resources for the good of the community. 

NWAS and Merseyside Police provide each other with invaluable support and assistance on a daily basis. 
However, the demands faced by each service are very different, as too are the nature of the calls meaning 
that the call triage systems, categorisation and dispatch processes are distinct from each other. It is crucial 
that the respective mental health response vehicles reflect and meet the needs of the two very different 
services. 

NWAS,  Merseyside  Police,  local  authorities  and  the  local  mental  health  trusts  are  members  and 
participants  of  the  Crisis  Concordat  which  collectively  reviews  mental  health  demand,  incidents,  local 
systems and practices in order to improve the outcomes for patients with mental health needs in the local 
communities.  The  Crisis  Concordat  brings  together  local  authorities,  mental  health  trusts  and  the 
emergency services into one environment. Through the Crisis Concordat, a suite of mutual training and 
education sessions have been introduced which are continuing. All participants of the Crisis Concordat 
are committed to working together to improve the outcomes for the local community.  

Beyond  the  Crisis  Concordat,  NWAS  and  the  Merseyside  Police  come  together  again  at  the  Regional 
Police  Forum  at  which  strategic,  operational  challenges  and  collaborative  working  opportunities  are 
identified, discussed and agreed. NWAS has recommended that the incident involving Mr Battle be tabled 
for further discussion at the next forum. Should any further learning be identified at that forum, I would be 
very happy to share that with you if it would assist. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I am sorry that you felt it necessary that there was cause to issue a Regulation 28 report and I hope that, 
by this letter, I have addressed your concerns. Should you require any further clarification or information, 
please do not hesitate to contact me or the Trust’s Head of Legal Services, 

Yours sincerely, 

Chief Executive

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