Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Josie Archer-Smith

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0399, written 7 Dec 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Dec 2022
Reference2022-0399
DeceasedJosie Archer-Smith
CoronerJames Dillon
Coroner areaMid Kent and Medway
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Mid Kent and Medway Coroners 
Cantium House 
2nd Floor 
Maidstone 
Kent 
ME14 1XD 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1. The Highways Agency

1 

CORONER 

I am James Dillon, Assistant coroner, for the coroner area of Mid Kent and Medway 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 6th November 2020 Area Coroner Bina Patel commenced an investigation into the death of 
Josie Archer-Smith, aged 22. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on the 6th July 
2021. The conclusion of the inquest was that the deceased Josie Archer-Smith died as a result of 
a road traffic collision. 

The medical cause of death was recorded as: 
1a  Traumatic Brain Injury and Skull Fracture 
1b Road Traffic Collision 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The deceased Josie Archer-Smith died on 31/10/2020 on the M20 London bound carriageway 
between junctions 5 and 6 as a result of traumatic injuries sustained when the vehicle in which 
she was travelling as a front seat passenger slid out of control and struck a stationary vehicle on 
the passenger side. 

 
 
 
 
 5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my 
opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  – 

The M20, a multi lane motorway, at the location where the collision took place has had a number of 
collisions occur which appear to have been caused by water/aquaplaning.   

Investigating police from the Serious Collisions Investigation unit commented that they are  aware 
that this location is a problem in heavy weather and have attended collisions at this location in the 
past.   

The crash location is at the bottom of an incline on the M20 motorway which normally would not 
cause an issue, however the road also has a camber which causes water to run across the 
carriageway rather than draining into either the central reservation of the drain on the hard 
shoulder. 

The police officer believes that it is when this heavy water is running across the carriageway that 
there is an issue which does require further investigation as to any remedial works that can be 
completed to prevent any further fatal/serious injury collisions. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe the Highways Agency have 
the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report and no 
later than by 8th February2023. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable 
for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons and 
the family of Josie Archer-Smith. 

I have also sent it to Kent Police Serious Collision Investigation Unit who may find it useful or of 
interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all interested 
persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any other person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may 
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or 
the publication of your response. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Signature 

James Dillon Assistant  Coroner Mid Kent and Medway 
7th December 202
Also filed under 2022-0399: M20-Junction-5-6.pdf
C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage
Overview

2 patches installed

Cleaned out CP4009 & 4010

Cleaned out CP4011

Cleaned out CP2225, 2224

Cleaned out CP 2221 & CP2222 
cleaned CR channel for 150lm

Cleaned out CP1044 & MH2221

2 X PATCH REPAIR
& ROOT CUT completed

CP4009

2 X PATCH REPAIRED

CP4052

MH4010

Cleaned out 21 x Gullies 
(Mainline Against DR Wall)

3 X PATCH LINERS installed

Unable to patch at 3rd gully due to lateral connection 60% deformed. Replaced lateral connection with new 
pipe from gully.

MH4009

Jetted and Cleaned CDKU= 200lm –
Replaced grating clips (900) and cleaned out and sweep / flush ACO = 
200lm x 2 = 400lm.
Installed asphalt kerb at East end to capture any over run of surface
water and direct to nearest gully located on Hard shoulder of
mainline against concrete distributor road wall.

 Deformed lateral connection above MH4009 to MH4010 pipe

C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage
Gully pipe repair

Post Repair CCTV footage of connection

 C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

Gully lead pipe replacement

• Excavate and replace deformed pipe from 

Gully to carrier drain.

• Reinstate with dry lean concrete mass fill
• Permatrack surface treatment.

 C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

Installed 9lm of asphalt kerb to direct
Water over run from linear drainage
Channel to nearest gully grating

 C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

ACO CHANNEL GRATING BOLTS

 C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

LDC on J6 to J5 Distributor
Road cleansed and every
Grating bracket was 
replaced

 Cleansed the Combined Kerb Drainage Units (CDKU’s) along the central reserve at the Medway River and railway crossings including
Removal of detritus build up in front of the inlet apertures.

C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

 Cleansed the Combined Kerb Drainage Units (CDKU’s) along the central reserve at the Medway River and railway crossings including
Removal of detritus build up in front of the inlet apertures.

C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

 C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

Cleaned out Catchpits in central reserve. Whilst Traffic management in place took opportunity to clean drainage channel over 150lm

 Cleansed Catch pits in Central Reserve between VRS lines and although not part of original scope also cleansed 150 linear metres of 
wide concrete channel between the VRS lines.

C02758 – M20 J6 to J5 Drainage

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from National Highways Limited (PDF)
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS RESPONSE IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  The Assistant Coroner for Mid Kent and Medway, Mr James Dillon, 

of Cantium House, 2nd Floor, Maidstone, Kent ME14 1XD in response to 
a ‘Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths’ following an inquest hearing 
into the death of Josie Archer-Smith that concluded on 06 July 2021.  

1  NATIONAL HIGHWAYS  

I  am 

,  Interim  Regional  Director,  South  East,  responding  on  behalf  of 
,  Chief  Executive  of  National  Highways  Limited  of  Bridge  House,  1  Walnut 

Tree Close, Guildford, SURREY GU1 4LZ. 

Unfortunately,  National  Highways  was  not  made  aware  of  the  inquest,  so  we  did  not 
have an opportunity as the highway authority to assist you by answering questions at the 
time. The Regulation 28 Report is dated 07 December 2022, a significant time after the 
conclusion of the inquest on 06 July 2021 and was received by National Highways on 14 
December 2022. However, we welcome the opportunity to address your concerns and we 
hope  our  response  assists.  In  complying  with  our  duty,  National  Highways  has 
responded within 56 days of the report, namely by 08 February 2023.  

2 

CORONER’S MATTERS OF CONCERN 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN were identified are as follows:–  

The M20, a multi lane motorway, at the location where the collision took place has had a 
number of collisions occur which appear to have been caused by water/aquaplaning. 

Investigating  police  from  the  Serious  Collision  Investigation  unit  commented  that  they 
are aware that this location is a problem in heavy weather and have attended collisions 
at this location in the past.  

The crash location is at the bottom of an incline on the M20 motorway which normally 
would not cause an issue, however the road also has a camber which causes water to run 
across  the  carriageway  rather  than  draining  into  either  the  central  reservation  of  the 
drain on the hard shoulder.  

The  police  officer  believes  that  it  is  when  this  heavy  water  is  running  across  the 
carriageway  that  there  is  an  issue  which  does  require  further  investigation  as  to  any 
remedial  works  that  can  be  completed  to  prevent  any  further  fatal/serious  injury 
collisions.  

3  DETAILS OF ACTION TAKEN 

Location  

The M20 motorway at the collision location is a 3-lane dual carriageway with a nearside 
hard shoulder (‘the mainline’). The collision occurred on the London bound carriageway.  
To  the  nearside  there  is  a  distributor  road  with  2  lanes  and  a  hard  shoulder  (‘the 
distributor’)  that  provides  access  to  the  M20  Junction  5  exit.  The  mainline  and 
distributor road are separated by a concrete vehicle restraint system.  

The location of the collision was on the mainline on the overbridge of the Network Rail 
line  between  Aylesford  and  Maidstone  West.  The  topography  is  complex.  The  scene  is 
approached by the mainline and distributor road via a bridge over the River Medway and 
at that point the road is on an uphill slope with a crossfall from offside to nearside (right 
to  left).  The  crossfall  reduces  as  the  point  of  collision  is  approached,  then  the  crossfall 
changes  from  nearside  to  offside  (left  to  right).  At  the  same  time  the  road  breasts  the 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 incline before continuing on a gentle downhill slope towards the Junction 5 on-slip. 

Action taken  

In the days immediately following the collision, and then over a period of approximately 
18 months (as road space booking allowed for the lane closures) National Highways staff 
and our contractors carried out the following actions: 

•  Temporary “Road liable to flooding” signs installed just after Junction 6 on the 
London bound mainline (to remain in place until the proposed permanent works 
described below are complete). 

•  South  East  Regional  Operations  Centre  (SEROC)  set  variable  message  signs  to 
display  “Skid  risk  slow-down”  or  “Surface  water  slow-down”  on  the  overhead 
signals  between  Junction  6  to  5  when  they  have  confirmation  of  water  on  the 
carriageway at the collision location. 

•  To maximise drainage efficiency,  170 metres of combined kerb drainage  jetted, 
200 metres x 2 Acco drains jetted  and a full CCTV drainage survey carried out 
on the London bound mainline. 

•  Remedial works carried out following a full CCTV drainage survey:  

o  Traffic management put in place to carry out the works:  

▪  6 Shifts - Full closure of London bound distributor and lane 1 of 

the London bound mainline; and 

▪  3 Shifts  - Lane 3  closure on the London bound  mainline and a 
lane  3  closure  on  the  coast  bound  mainline  due  to  working  in 
the centre reserve. 

o  Remedial works:  

▪  200 metres of combined kerb drainage jetted and cleaned; 

▪ 

150 metres of centre reserve drainage channel cleaned; 

▪  400  metres  of  Acco  type  drain  (200  metres  x  2)  between 
distributor  and  mainline  gratings  removed  and  cleansed  and 
new clips installed for the gratings; 

▪ 

7 x drainage pipe patch repairs;  

▪  Cleansed 21 x gullies;  

▪  Cleansed 11 x catchpits;  

▪ 

▪ 

Installed  1  x  drainage  pipe  from  end  of  Acco  channel  between 
distributor and mainline; and 

Installed  9  metres  of  extruded  asphalt  kerb  to  direct  surface 
water to the nearest gully on the hard shoulder. 

•  Also carried out within these  road closures, our contractors  carried out routine 

cyclical works as below: 

o  Grass cutting;  

o  Sweeping of whole of the distributor road; and 

o  Cleansing of remaining gullies within the site area which are not part of 

the remedial works listed above.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 4  DETAILS OF FURTHER ACTION PROPOSED 

The  M20  Medway  and  Allington  Deck  Refurbishment  scheme  is  due  to  be  delivered 
between June and July 2023 at an estimated cost of £3 million. 

In  order  to  reduce  the  likelihood  of  future  similar  events,  the  scope  of  the  scheme 
includes; 

•  Complete  refurbishment  of  the  London  bound  carriageway  (mainline  and 
distributor  road)  including  replacement  of  the  waterproofing,  surfacing,  joints, 
white lines and road studs from 15 metres before the River Medway to 15 metres 
past Allington Railway.  

•  Thin Surface Course surfacing to be replaced with Hot Rolled Asphalt Wearing 
Course.  The  Hot  Rolled  Asphalt  is  textured  to  provide  more  grip  and  also  to 
allow water to drain away more quickly. 

•  Vehicle Restraint System and drainage to the distributor road to be replaced. 

5 

TIMETABLE FOR ACTION 

DATE     

ACTION 

June-July 
2023 

M20 Medway and Allington Deck Refurbishment scheme. 

6 

SAFETY OF ROAD USERS 

The safety of everyone on our road network matters; it is an imperative for our business 
in what we set out to achieve and a core value of our organisation in how we go about it. 
The action taken and those proposed are designed in this light to help to prevent future 
deaths at this location.  

7 

01 February 
2023 

Signed: 

, Interim Regional Director on behalf of 

3

Related reports

Other reports by James Dillon

See all →

More reports categorised “Road (Highways Safety) related deaths”

See all →

Track Road (Highways Safety) related deaths

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching Road (Highways Safety) related deaths, and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.