Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Mary White

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0045, written 2 Feb 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report2 Feb 2023
Reference2023-0045
DeceasedMary White
CoronerNaomi Rees
Coroner areaGwent
CategoryWales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards) · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

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REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

CORONER 
I am, Naomi Rees 
Former Assistant Coroner for the Area of Gwent 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 
I make this report under Paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 
2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 

INVESTIGATION AND INQUEST 
On an investigation was opened on 22 June 2021 into the death of Mary Doreen 
White 

The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on: 5 July 2022 
The conclusion of the inquest was recorded as:  

Accident 

The medical cause of death was: 
1 a Chest Infection 
  b Osteoporotic fracture of right neck of femur (operated) and Chronic Obstructive 

Pulmonary disease 

II. Frailty of Old Age

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 
Mrs  White  was  a  lady  of  advancing  years,  who  had  a  number  of  increasing  health 
concerns.  She was admitted into Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr on 5 April 2021.  Whilst she was 
an inpatient she had three falls.  The first fall caused superficial head injury, the second 
fall caused a right fractured neck of femur and the third caused Mrs White to suffer a 
moderately displaced intertrochanteric fracture of the right proximal femur.  Following 
the  third  fall  she  underwent  surgery  at  the  Grange  University  Hospital  but  when 
recovering from that surgery her condition deteriorated and she died.   

Box 3 of the Record of Inquest reads: 

Mary Doreen White was admitted to hospital in April 2021.  She fell in hospital and 
suffered traumatic injury which required surgery.  Whilst recovering she developed a 
chest infection from which she could not recover.  Her condition deteriorated and she 
died on 9 July 2021 at Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr.  

CORONER’S CONCERNS 
During the course of the inquest, evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: - 

 Evidence  received  during  the  investigation  and  inquest  (and  corroborated  by  the 
family) demonstrated that nursing staff were trying to manage and care for patients in 
the very best way that they could.  However, they were hampered in their efforts for 
the following reasons: 

1.  Despite  requesting  additional  nursing  staff,  the  Bargeod  ward  was  short-staffed 
when  Mrs  White  fell.    There  did  not  appear  to  be  any  documented  plan  or 
procedure  in  place  for  how  patients  would  be  safely  managed  when  it  was  not 
possible  (because  of  staff  shortage)  to  carry  out  the  level  of  care  for  individual 
patients that they had been assessed as requiring. 

2.  The  ward  is  L-shaped  and  the  patients  on  the  ward  are  managed  in  individual 
cubicles.  Mrs White should have been in view of nursing staff as part of her Level 
4 enhanced care (‘observation of cohorted patients’).  However, it was not possible 
to provide the observations that Mrs White required because: 

a.  Patients were inside cubicles and therefore out of sight of staff and, 
b.  The ward itself was L-shaped.   

3.  The Bargoed ward is a stroke ward and one where it is usual to see patients who 
have a high risk of falls and mobility difficulties.  Prior to Covid-19 it was explained 
that staff would take patients who required the Enhanced Care to the dayroom so 
that they could be under the required observation.  Since Covid-19, this had not 
been possible.  To counteract the logistical difficulties faced by staff in observation 
of  Enhanced  Care  patients  on  the  ward  it  was  explained  that  patients  are  now 
moved to their cubicle doorway for periods of the day so that they are in sight of 
nursing staff.  This appeared to be ineffective because: 

a.  The particular care needs/wishes of a patient may mean that is not suitable. 
b.  That only accounts for part of the day. 

4.  To further counteract the difficulties with observing patients on Enhanced Level 4 
care it was explained that clip-on alarm sensors were used.  There was evidence 
given that patients are able to simply unclip these sensors, rendering the system 
ineffective.   

A Falls Review Panel had noted that Providing Level 4 Enhanced Care on this ward was 
extremely challenging and that quality care at Level 4 was unachievable in a single room 
environment.    It  was  noted  that  the  Corporate  Nursing  Team  had  reviewed  the 
Enhanced Care Policy in light of the fact it did not fit single room environment, however 
at the time of the inquest it did not appear from evidence received that a further plan 
to manage Level 4 patients on this ward had been made and/or communicated to staff.  

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ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have 
the power to take such action. 

•  Confirm  whether  any  investigation  and/or  steps  have  or  will  be  taken  to 
address the difficulties encountered with staffing and observation and care of 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
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Enhanced Level 4 Patients on single unit wards (particularly on Bargoed Ward, 
where Mrs White was cared for).  

YOUR RESPONSE 
You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely 01 April 2023.  The Senior Coroner for Gwent (Caroline Saunders), 
may extend this period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting 
out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is necessary 

COPIES AND PUBLICATION 
I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and the following Interested 
Person (s) 

•  The family of Mrs White 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the Coroner, at the time 
of your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief 
coroner. 

DATE 2 February 2023 

Signed:  

Naomi Rees 

Former Assistant Coroner for the Area of Gwent.

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board (PDF)
27th  March 2023 

Private & Confidential 
Caroline  Saunders 
Senior  Coroner  (Gwent) 

Dear  Ms Saunders 

Re: Aneurin Bevan University Health Board response  to  Regulation 
28 Report received following the inquest touching on the death  of 
Mary  Doreen White 

I  am writing  to  provide  you  with  the Health Board’s  response  to  the 
Regulation  28  Report  to Prevent Future  Deaths,  following the  inquest  into 
the death  of  Mary  Doreen  White. 

As  requested,  the information  presented  below  is  intended  to  describe the 
action  taken  / being  taken  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  future  deaths. 

The  Health Board  fully accepts  that  protecting  in-patients from  falls  and  the 
related  harm  is  the  responsibility  of  the  entire  multidisciplinary  team. This  is 
extensively  supported  by the evidence  base  and national  guidance,  which 
the Health  Board  both  endorses  and works to  incorporate  in  its  approach to 
protecting  patients  whilst  in  hospital. 

Matter of Concern 1– Staffing 

As  you  state,  despite  taking  all  reasonable  steps  to  secure  the  required 
nurse  staffing  levels,  Bargoed  Ward  had  a deficit in  their  staffing  numbers 
when  Mrs  White  fell. Additional  staffing  was  secured  however  there 
remained  a shortfall  of  1  HCSW.  The  Health Boards  expectation  is that on 
occasions where  the  required staffing  levels  cannot  be met,  this  deficit is  to 

Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Aneurin Bevan 
Pencadlys, 
Ysbyty Sant  Cadog 
Ffordd Y  Lodj 
Caerllion 
Casnewydd 
De Cymru  NP18  3XQ 
Ffôn: 01633 436700 
E-bost:  abhb.enquiries@wales.nhs.uk 

Aneurin Bevan University Health Board 
Headquarters 
St Cadoc’s  Hospital 
Lodge Road 
Caerleon 
Newport 
South  Wales  NP18  3XQ 
Tel  No: 01633 436700 
Email:  abhb.enquiries@wales.nhs.uk 

Bwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Aneurin Bevan  yw enw gweithredol Bwrdd Iechyd Lleol Prifysgol Aneurin  Bevan 

Aneurin  Bevan University  Health  Board is the operational name of Aneurin  Bevan University Local Health  Board 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 be  reported  using  the RL  Datix reporting  system  and  the  appropriate 
escalation  to the senior  nursing  team  should occur.  The  risks  associated  with 
staff  shortages  are  then  reviewed  by the  senior  nursing  team, and  actions 
taken  to  minimise harm. This  includes;  prioritising duties  for  that  shift, 
reviewing staffing  across  the  site  and  reviewing the  needs  of  patients  and 
deploying staff  appropriately.  Patients  identified  as enhanced  observation 
requiring 1:1  supervision  should  be prioritised  when  allocating  staff  to 
ensure  appropriate observation  and  patient  care. 

The  Health  Board  has  a  ratified  escalation  framework  which  clearly 
articulates  the  process  to  follow  in  incidents  whereby  there  are  staffing 
deficits  that  despite  best  efforts  have  not  been  rectified.  This  framework 
describes  everyone’s  responsibility  in  maintaining  appropriate  and  safe  nurse 
staffing  levels  and  sets  out  clear  actions  if  there  is  a  deviation  from  what  is 
required.  Additionally,  daily  site  meetings  occur  to  review  nurse  staffing 
levels,  consider  any  deficits,  manage  and  identify  any  potential  risks  and 
escalate any  requirements  to  the Resource  Bank. 

Bargoed  ward  comes  under  the  remit  of  section  25B  of  Nurse  Staffing  Levels 
(Wales)  Act  2016  (NSLWA).  In  line  with  the  requirements  of  the  Act,  an  in-
depth  bi-annual  review  is  undertaken  to  determine  acuity,  dependency  and 
nurse  staffing  requirements.  Quality  indicators  aligned  to  the  NSLWA  are 
considered  during  the  re-calculation,  one  of  which  is  falls.  The  bi-annual 
review  involves  the  full  engagement  and  contribution  of  the  Assistant 
Divisional  Nurse,  Senior  Nurse,  Ward  Sister,  finance  and  workforce  to  ensure 
the  ward  establishment  is  appropriate  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  patients.  In 
addition,  the  quality  patient  safety  (QPS)  team  monitor  the  numbers  of  falls 
across  the Health  Board  and review  any themes  and  learning. 

Recruitment  and  retention  have  been  challenging,  especially  during  Covid. 
The  Health  Board  has  recently  promoted  local  recruitment  events  at  all 
enhanced  Local  General  Hospitals  (eLGH),  including  Ysbyty  Ystrad  Fawr, 
(YYF)  which  were  successful  in  recruiting  to  and  above  the  healthcare 
support  worker  establishment. 
is  envisaged  that  the  successful 
It 
applicants  will be  in  post  by the  end  of  April 2023. 

Furthermore,  the  Health  Board  are  introducing  the  Safecare  Programme  on 
all  wards  under  section  25B  of  the  NSLWA.  Safecare 
is  a  national 
programme  currently  being  rolled  out  across  all  Health  Boards  in  Wales.  It 
matches  staffing  levels  to  patient  acuity,  providing  control  and  assurance 
from  bedside  to  board.  It  is  designed  to  increase  patient  safety  while 
maintaining  efficiency  and  enables  informed  decisions  to  be  taken  at  various 
levels  of  management. 

Additionally,  the  Safecare  system  allows  ward  staff  to  complete  a  register  of 
staff  in  attendance  shift  by  shift  as  well  as  undertaking  an  assessment  of 
patient  acuity  twice  a  day.  Nursing  teams  are  able  to  make  professional 
judgements  on  whether  or  not  the  staffing  levels  are  appropriate  to  meet 
the  needs  of  the  patients  and  raise  red  flags  to  record  identified  risks.  The 
system  provides  the  senior  nursing  teams  with  instant  access  to  ward  level 
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 data  and  a  site  wide  view  of  staffing  status,  highlighting  areas  of  concern  to 
the 
enable  effective  and  evidence-based  decision  making  regarding 
appropriate  deployment  of  nursing  staff  to  support  patient  safety. 

Matter of Concern 2 – Environment 

In  YYF  the  ward  configurations  are  L  shaped  and split by  pods  which  are  able 
to  accommodate 8  patients  in  single  rooms,  staff  are  usually allocated  to a 
pod.  There  are  computers  and  notes  available in  all pods  to ensure  that 
staff  can  remain in  their  designated  areas whilst  completing  their  nursing 
duties. 

The  single room  environment can  be  challenging  when  multiple patients 
require  an enhanced  level  of  care.  There  is  a  requirement  for  staff to 
carefully  consider  how  individual  patients  needs  can  be  met  and  formulate a 
care  plan  outlining  frequency of  observation  and level  of  care  required. If  a 
patient  is  assessed  as requiring enhanced  observation  with  1:1  supervision, 
then  staffing plans  must  reflect  this.  Additionally,  if patients  require 
cohorting  level  of  observation  this can  be  met  by  using  a  cohorting  approach 
to  meet  care  needs. 

Where  one  to one  supervision  or  cohort  nursing  is  assessed  as  being 
required the  medical  wards  at YYF  utilise  the  end  pod. The  ‘end  pod’,  has  8 
beds  with  the smallest  footprint.  These  areas  tend  to  be the  quietest  areas 
within  the  ward  layout and  is therefore  effective in reducing over  stimulation 
due to  constant  noise and  ward  activity. Bargoed  Ward  ensures  patients 
requiring enhanced  care  are  nursed  in this area. 

All current core  staff  on  Bargoed  Ward  have undertaken  training  on  the 
Multi-Disciplinary  Falls  Risk  Assessment  via virtual  classroom  sessions  and 
there  has  also  been  on  site  training. 

Matter of Concern 3- Use of Day  Rooms 

All wards  have a  day  room  area  for  patients, these  are  utilised  to support 
the use  of  meaningful activities.  Since  the reduction  in  Covid 19  cases  this 
area  is often  used  during daytime hours  to  support  the cohorting of  patients 
who  require  a  higher  level  of  supervision. However,  there  are  instances 
during extreme  demand when  the  dayroom  is unable  to  be  used. 

All wards  on  the  YYF  site  have  an activities  box,  supplied  by  the  Patient 
Centred  Care  team, access  to  interactive  devices  and projectors  screens 
have just  been  introduced.  Volunteers have  also  restarted,  therefore 
facilitating activities  and providing  companionship to  our  patients  has  been 
reintroduced. 

Matter of Concern 4- Use of sensors 

Sensors  have  the  function  to alert  staff if  a  patient  is attempting  to  stand  or 
get  out of  their  bed.  This will alert  staff,  who  may not  be  in the  immediate 

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 area, that a  patient  is at  risk  of  falls  as  they  are  attempting  to  mobilise. 
Bargoed  Ward  does have  some  movement sensors  in place  for  patients, for 
whom  they  have  assessed  as suitable and  appropriate. 

Following discussion  with the  Assistant Director  of  Therapies  and  Health 
Science,  work  has  been undertaken  nationally  as  to  the  effectiveness  of 
sensors  in  falls management.  Information  suggests  that for  the  majority the 
use  of  sensors  may  not  be  as  effective as  initially  thought.  This  remains 
under  discussion  by  the  ‘National Inpatients  Falls  Network’. 

As  a Health Board  we  need  to  collectively explore  learning  from  the  use  of 
sensors  in  the Care  Homes  setting  and  how  this  may  translate  into  the 
secondary  care  environment. There  is also  work  ongoing at  a  national  level 
with Health  and Safety, it  is recognised  that  we  need  to  understand  the 
national picture  in  adopting  best  practice  and national  learning. 

To  further  support our  response  an  action  plan  will be  developed  to  capture 
and monitor  actions  and will  be  shared  at Falls and  Bone  Health Group by 
the clinical  team. 

I  trust  that  this information  addresses  the  concerns  raised  in your  report, 
however,  please  do  not  hesitate  to  contact me  should you  require  any 
further  information. 

Yours  sincerely 

Prif Weithredwr/Chief Executive 

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