Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Akash Bhudia

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0164, written 18 May 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 May 2023
Reference2023-0164
DeceasedAkash Bhudia
CoronerNadia Persaud
Coroner areaEast London
CategoryOther related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

MISS N PERSAUD 
HIS MAJESTY’S AREA CORONER 

EAST LONDON 

East London Coroners, Queens Road Walthamstow, E17 8QP 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

•  Medica Reporting Services Ltd, Sixth Floor, One Priory Square, Hastings, East Sussex 

TN34 1EA 

1 

CORONER 

I am Nadia Persaud, Area Coroner for the coroner area of East London 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and 
Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On the 30 May 2022, I commenced an investigation into the death of Akash Dinesh Bhudia, age 
28 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 16 May 2023. The conclusion 
was that Mr Bhudia died as a result of natural causes.  The inquest however heard evidence in 
relation to non-causal concerns in relation to the reporting of chest radiographs.   

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Akash Bhudia suffered from a persistent cough from December 2021. On the 17 January 2022 
he attended A&E where he underwent blood tests, chest Xray and medical reviews. The 
impression at this time was that he was suffering from community acquired pneumonia. He 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 received a dose of intravenous antibiotics and intravenous fluids and was discharged from 
hospital with a course of oral antibiotics. Akash attended for a follow-up chest Xray on the 28 
February 2022. This Xray showed progression in his left lung consolidation and showed a new 
consolidation in his right lung. The inquest heard that the primary diagnosis based on this Xray 
should have been tuberculosis. On the 4 March 2022, an emergency ambulance was called 
when Akash was found to be coughing and vomiting blood. Paramedics attended and provided 
emergency assistance. They could not however resuscitate Akash and his life was pronounced 
extinct by a paramedic. A post-mortem examination revealed a pulmonary abscess which was 
most likely to have been caused by tuberculosis. There is no evidence that any acts or omissions 
in the care provided to him, contributed to his death.  The chest radiograph was not sent for 
analysis until 8 March 2022.  The lack of an alert did not therefore contribute to Akash’s death. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my 
opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances 
it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

The Xray on the 28 February 2022, which was carried out following treatment for pneumonia, 
showed an obvious progression in lung consolidation and was highly suggestive of tuberculosis 
(a new clinical diagnosis).  Akash was not an in-patient in hospital at the time of the follow-up 
Xray.  He had been discharged and was therefore not under the active management of a clinical 
team.  The inquest heard that such significant, unexpected, and important changes should have 
been highlighted to the referring clinician.  This was not done. There does not appear to be a 
process in place for an alert to be added to the normal communication method to ensure that 
such significant, unexpected, and important findings are acted upon in a timely manner. 

The inquest also heard that the incidence of TB is rising in certain areas of the UK and that it is 
important that radiologists recognise TB changes and that these are duly highlighted to the 
referrer.      

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the power 
to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely 
by 14 July 2023. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action. Otherwise, you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the Interested Persons to the 
Inquest. I have also sent it to the local Director of Public Health, to the CQC and to the Royal 
College of Radiologists who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all interested 
persons who in my opinion should receive it.   

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I may also send a copy of your response to any other person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He 
may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.  

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the 
release or the publication of your response. 

9 

   18 May 2023                                     

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Medica Group (PDF)
Subject:                                                   In the matter of Akash Bhudia 
Attachments:                                         Regulation 28 (PFD) Report.Bhudia.pdf

Dear Miss Persaud

Thank you for your email dated 19/5/23 and the enclosed Regulation 28 Report (attached as reference).

Since the inquest Medica have edited the Medica Alerts policy to include a potential new diagnosis of TB as a reason to
raise an urgent notification to referrers. The alert and the report should advise the referrer that a change of treatment
may be required.

This new policy has been circulated to all reporters and a communication from me has highlighted the findings of the
inquest to all reporters.

Medica will work with Clients to enact the Academy of Royal College/RCR Alerts guidelines 2022 as Clients wish to/are
able to integrate the process locally. I note the Academy of Royal Colleges advice that ‘open TB’ should receive a
Critical Alert. This is not a process in place in any NHS Trust to my knowledge at this time. Medica will raise Urgent
Findings until Clients adjust their internal processes.

I would like to respond to the following areas of the Regulation 28 Report:

Section 5. The CXR was reported in a way that raised the possibility of atypical pneumonia. At the time of
reporting the CXR the reporter had no knowledge of the additional information available in the court, there were
no red flag symptoms for TB given in the clinical request and the CXR findings could have been caused by a
number of pathogens including TB and COVID amongst others including fungi and less common bacteria.
Therefore, the Xray was reported in what I would consider a standard way.
Section 5. At the time of the CXR in question, I would consider Akash to have been under the care of his GP. My
comment regarding a clinical team was meant to indicate primary, secondary and tertiary care if there is an
element of active management/follow up. IRMER 2017 regulations place onus on the referrer to read and act
appropriately on imaging reports of studies they have initiated.
Section 5. There is an agreed Medica Alerts policy and an agreed Medica/Barts Alerts policy in place now and at
the time of the reporting of the CXR. This did not overtly specify a need to alert TB.

Yours sincerely

MB ChB (Hons), BSc (Hons), MRCS, FRCR, PGCE
Group Medical Director

www.medica.co.uk

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Floor, One Priory Square, Hastings, East Sussex, TN34 1EA. Website: www.medica.co.uk.

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