Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Michelle Jennings

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0220, written 9 Feb 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report9 Feb 2022
Reference2023-0220
DeceasedMichelle Jennings
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategorySuicide (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   

Secretary of State for Health & Social Care  

Secretary of State at Ministry of Justice  

1  CORONER 

I am Alison Mutch , Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater Manchester 
South 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 6th October 2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of Michelle 
Louise Jennings. The investigation concluded on the 24th November 2021 and 
the conclusion was one of suicide. The medical cause of death was  1a hanging 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Michelle Louise Jennings had a history of contact with mental health services 
and had a history of indicating suicidal ideation to a number of agencies. She 
was assessed as being suitable for step 4 therapy. However at the time of the 
assessment of her need there was a 2 year waiting list to access therapy. On 
the balance of probabilities this delay possibly contributed to her death. On 11th 
April 2019, 17th July 2019, 28th July 2019, 17th January 2020 and 8th May 
2020 she was dealt with by British Transport Police (BTP) and indicated suicidal 
thoughts. Following the incident on 8th May 2020 BTP prosecuted her for 
obstructing the railways when she had indicated she had suicidal ideation at the 
time she was on the railway. She was subsequently arrested on a warrant and 
held in custody before being sentenced. On the balance of probabilities this 
decision to prosecute possibly contributed to the deterioration in her mental 
health and her subsequent death. On 1st August 2020 following calls to the 
mental health crisis line she was referred for a mental health assessment by the 
Primary Care Mental Health Team (PCMHT) part of Cheshire & Wirral 
partnership NHS Trust (CWP). On 3rd September 2020 she was assessed by 
telephone by the PCMHT and then the case was referred to the PCMHT MDT. 
On 6th September she rang Cheshire Police from Delamere Forrest with suicidal 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 thoughts. She was taken to Hospital and discharged the following day. On 9th 
September 2020 her case was considered by the PCMHT MDT. They 
determined her needs were too complex for the PCMHT and she was to be 
referred to the Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) part of CWP. The 
referral was not made until 16th September 2020. At the point of referral she 
was discharged from the PCMHT caseload. On 17th September 2020 she 
presented at Stepping Hill Hospital with suicidal thoughts. She was assessed by 
mental health services and discharged. On 23rd September 2020 she was 
discussed at the CMHT MDT where the referral was rejected and she was to be 
referred back to the PCMHT. She was discharged from the CMHT caseload at 
that point. She was no longer on the caseload of either the PCMHT or the 
CMHT. Despite the complexity of her needs and her deteriorating mental health 
there was no discussion between the PCMHT and the CMHT in relation as to 
how to manage or mitigate the risk at this point although it was documented that 
she felt rejected by mental health services. On the balance of probabilities the 
poor communication between the PCMHT and the CMHT, the failure to assess 
risk effectively to ensure she remained on the caseload of either the PCMHT or 
the CMHT probably contributed to the further decline in her mental health and 
her death. On 3rd October 2020 she made her way 

 and hanged herself 
 She was found on 5th 

October 2020. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action 
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  The inquest heard evidence that the backlogs for therapy were such that 
the waiting list at the time she was assessed as being appropriate for 
step 4 therapy had a two year wait time. Since that time the waiting 
period had not decreased and was now between 2 -3 years in both 
primary and secondary care. This was due to a shortage of trained 
therapists and demands on the service and was a national issue not 
specific to the CWP trust. 

2.  The inquest was told that the trust had since Michelle’s death recognised 
that the lack of ownership created through the application of its referral 
and discharge policy internally carried an unacceptable risk. Significant 
changes had been made. However it was unclear if nationally the lesson 
had been shared and that other mental health trusts had taken similar 
steps. 

3.  The evidence before the inquest was that there needed to be a clear 

understanding by all prosecuting authorities of the impact of a 
prosecution on someone with a complex mental health background such 
as Michelle. In Michelle’s case the BTP file reviewer (the nature of the 
offence Michelle faced meant that it was not a CPS lawyer who made the 
charging decision) had not correctly applied the public interest test and 
had not considered the mental health/vulnerability of Michelle Jennings 
as required to. As a consequence a decision was taken to prosecute her 
without an assessment of the impact on Michelle and her case was dealt 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 with by the Magistrates Court without them being given the full 
background in relation to her deteriorating mental health. BTP are as a 
consequence of Michelle’s death taking steps to address how their 
prosecution teams should deal with the public interest test and gather 
information where mental health is an issue. However there is no clear 
mechanism for such learning and changes (to reduce the risk to life) in 
relation to vulnerable people such as Michelle to be implemented within 
the other 42 Police Forces in England and Wales or within other 
agencies responsible for prosecuting criminal offences.   

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 6th April 2022. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is 
proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely the Family, Pennine Care, Cheshire & Wirral 
Partnership NHS, and Cheshire West & Chester Council who may find it useful 
or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he 
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, 
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of 
your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Date 9th February 2022 

Ms Alison Mutch 
HM Senior Coroner Manchester South 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Maria Caulfield 
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for  
Mental Health and Women’s Health Strategy 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

13 December 2022 

Alison Mutch   
HM Senior Coroner   
Coroner’s Court    
1 Mount Tabor Street  
Stockport   
SK1 3AG  

Dear Ms Mutch, 

Thank you for your letter of 9 February 2022 to the Secretary of State about the death 
of Michelle Jennings.  I am replying as Minister with responsibility for Mental Health 
and thank you for the additional time allowed.  

Firstly,  I  would  like  to say  how saddened I was  to  read of  the  circumstances  of  Ms 
Jennings’s death, and I offer my sincere condolences to her family and loved ones.  
The circumstances your report describes are very concerning and I am grateful to you 
for bringing these matters to my attention.  

With  regard  to  access  to  mental  health  services,  we  know  how  vital  timely  mental 
health support is to ensure that a person does not experience a mental health crisis.  

We  know  that  nationally  there  has  been,  and  continues,  to  be  a  gap  between  the 
prevalence of mental health conditions and the ability of a person to access services.  
For many people in crisis, the NHS can, and does, provide lifesaving, life-changing 
care.  Due to historical underinvestment, however, we are building from a low base in 
mental health care.  

This is why we are committed to increasing investment in, and improving access to, 
mental health services.  Under the NHS Long Term Plan1, by 2023/24 mental health 
services will receive £2.3billion more than in 2018/19, which will mean that 2 million 
more  people  will  have  access  to  mental  health  services,  including  an  additional 
370,000 adults with severe mental illnesses.  

Through the Plan, we are improving joined-up working across the NHS and with other 
statutory services.  Since April 2021, all areas are receiving significant additional, ring-
fenced  funding  to  develop  fully  integrated  primary  and  community  mental  health 
services  built  around  Primary  Care  Networks  which  includes  improved  access  to 
psychological  therapies,  improved  physical  health  care,  employment  support, 

1 https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 personalised and trauma informed care, medicines management and support for self-
harm and coexisting substance use.  By 2023/24, this investment will amount to almost 
£1billion extra per year for adults and older adults with severe mental illness. 

Twelve early implementer sites have been in receipt of ongoing transformation funding 
since 2019/20 to test new integrated models of primary and community mental health 
care in line with the Long Term Plan and the Community Mental Health Framework for 
Adults and Older Adults.  

All Integrated Care Systems have started work to transform their community mental 
health  pathways  from  2021/22  in  line  with  published  guidance,  and  ensure  the 
transformed models exist in all Primary Care Networks by 2023/24.  These models will 
enable people with severe mental illness to have greater choice and control over their 
care, and support them to live well in their communities 

We know that delivery of our ambitions for mental health services depends on growth 
of  the  mental  health  workforce  through  education  and  training,  recruitment  and 
retention.  As of June 2022 there were 133,573 full time equivalent people working 
directly on mental health, across NHS trusts and NHS foundation trusts.   This is an 
increase of over 24,400 new staff since March 2016. 

More generally, we launched a 12-week public call for evidence on what can be done 
across government in the longer term to support mental health, wellbeing and suicide 
prevention.  This  closed  on  7  July  2022.  We  received  submissions  from  over  5,000 
respondents representing a broad range of stakeholders from across England and we 
are currently considering these.     

I know this will reply will be of little consolation to Ms Jennings’ family, friends, and all 
who loved her; I nevertheless hope it assures you of our aims to  improve access to 
mental health support, prevent people reaching a mental health crisis, and ultimately 
saving lives. 

Kinds regards, 

MARIA CAULFIELD MP

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