Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Gordon Renfrew

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0230, written 6 Jul 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report6 Jul 2023
Reference2023-0230
DeceasedGordon Renfrew
CoronerElizabeth Didcock
Coroner areaNottinghamshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedUniversity Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust · Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  The Chief Executive, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust 

1 

CORONER 

I am Dr Elizabeth Didcock, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of Nottinghamshire 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On the 14th  June 2022, I commenced an investigation into the death of Gordon Harry 
Renfrew. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on the 28th  June 2023 

The conclusion of the inquest was a Narrative as follows: 

Gordon Renfrew died on the 14th  June 2022 at Queens Medical Centre Nottingham, from 
extensive cerebral oedema with mass effect leading to brain herniation. This was caused 
by a large cerebral infarction, occurring early morning on the 7th  June 2022, and involving 
the anterior, middle and posterior lobes of the left cerebral hemisphere. 

The  infarction  was  caused  by  a  large  occlusion  in  the  left  internal  carotid  artery  in  the 
neck, extending to the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery into the anterior and middle 
cerebral  arteries.  The  occlusion  was  caused  by  arterial  dissection  and  clot/thrombus  at 
this  site,  likely  caused  by  a  combination  of  weakness  in  the  arterial  vessel  wall  from 
Fibromuscular Dysplasia, and a neck hyperextension injury sustained when diving from a 
high board on the 31st  May 2022 

A Mechanical Thrombectomy was undertaken on the 7th  June 22, to try and remove the 
clot.  This  was  partially  successful,  but  there  remained  occlusion  of  the  middle  cerebral 
artery,  with  subsequent  additional  re-occlusion  of  the  internal  carotid  artery  post 
procedure. 

A Decompression Craniectomy was undertaken on the 10th  June 2022, to try and reduce 
the effect of the severe cerebral oedema, caused by the large infarct 

The NICE guidance on Decompression Craniectomy after stroke, was not followed. There 
should have been detailed, early and repeated discussion with the family as to timing of 
the Decompression Craniectomy, on the 8th and 9th June 2022. Had this occurred it is very 
likely that the procedure would have been performed at an earlier time, although it is not 
possible to say, on a balance of probability, that this would have led to Gordon surviving 
what was a very severe and extensive stroke. 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Gordon died on the 14th June 2022, at Queens Medical Centre (QMC), Nottingham, 
after a short admission. He had been transferred to QMC, from the Royal Derby Hospital 
for further management of a severe and extensive stroke. Detailed findings as to how he 
came by his death are described within a written Determination dated 28.6.23, 
appended to this report 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows  – 

  There is limited evidence to date of improved communication, and a stronger 

working relationship, between the stroke team and the neurosurgical team at the 
Trust 

  There is limited evidence to date of the Stroke team having a clear 

understanding of the NICE guidance regarding Decompression Craniectomy, 
specifically the importance of detailed careful monitoring post stroke, with clarity 
about referral criteria to Neurosurgery. The planned Standard Operating 
Procedure, which may set out this clarity is not yet finalised. 

  There are currently limited opportunities for joint case discussion and learning 

between the Stroke and Neurosurgical teams. The Interventional 
Neuroradiologists could of course also usefully participate in such Educational 
opportunities - I note it was 
Neuroradiology) rather than the Stroke team, who asked that Gordon was 
reviewed by the Neurosurgical team on the early evening of the 7th  June 2022 

, (Consultant in Interventional 

I am not reassured that necessary actions to address these serious issues identified are 

in place. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion, action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have 
the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by the 31st  August 2023. I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

. 
COPIES and PUBLICATION 
I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 1.  Gordons family- His partner 

, and his parents 

2.  The University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful 
or of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

6the July 2023 

Dr E A Didcock

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Nottingham University Hospital 4 (PDF)
30 August 2023 

Dr Elizabeth Didcock 
HM Assistant Coroner for Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire 
HM Coroner’s Court 
The Council House 
Market Square 
Nottingham  NG1 2DT 

Dear Dr Didcock 

Medical Director’s Office 
3rd  Floor, Trust Headquarters 
City Hospital Campus 
Hucknall Road 
Nottingham 
NG5 1PB 

www.nuh.nhs.uk 

Inquest: Gordon Renfrew - Prevention of Future Death Report [PFDR] Response 

I  am  writing  in  my  capacity  as  Medical  Director  of  Nottingham  University  Hospitals  NHS  Trust  in 
response to the Prevention of Future Death Notice issued on 6 July 2023 following the sad death of Mr 
Gordon Renfrew. 

May I  begin with offering my sincerest  condolences  to Mr Renfrew’s family for  their loss.  I  am deeply 
sorry for the missed opportunities and issues that were highlighted during the Inquest. 

The  concerns  you  have  raised  have  been  taken  extremely  seriously.  Please  find  attached  a 
commentary  in  response  to  the  Prevention  of  Future  Deaths  Report  issued  to  Nottingham  University 
Hospitals NHS Trust following the inquest into the death of Mr Gordon Renfrew. 

My  response  to  the  concerns  identified  in  the  PFD  report  have  been  informed  following  work 
undertaken by colleagues within the Stroke, Neurosurgery and Interventional Radiology service. 

The  actions  either  taken  or  planned  in  response  to  the  learning  from  the  inquest  are  summarised 
below.  The  oversight  of  the  delivery  of  these  actions  will  be  through  our  Quality  and  Safety 
Governance  Committees,  with Executive oversight  - Committees  of  our Board will receive a progress 
report. 

I hope that this commentary provides assurance that we are committed to learning from this, and other 
incidents to significantly enhance the care of patients across the Trust. 

Yours sincerely 

Medical Director [NUH] 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Concerns identified through the PFDR 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Response to the concerns identified through the PFDR 

There  is  limited  evidence  to  date  of  improved  communication,  and  a  stronger  working 
relationship, between the stroke team and the neurosurgical team at the Trust 

The Trust held a Joint PFD response meeting 7.8.23 chaired by 

MDT  attendees  included  stroke,  neurosurgical  and  mechanical  thrombectomy  (MT)  operational  and 
governance leads. Divisional representation included medical and nursing colleagues and members of 
the Patient Safety Team. The agenda focused on conducting a pathway review from point of referral to 
intervention and aftercare. 

Following this meeting, key principles were agreed: 

  On  call  stroke  consultant  to  be  informed  and  responsible  for  all  admissions,  including  tertiary 

referrals made directly to the Mechanical Thrombectomy team. 

  On  call  stroke  team  and  Mechanical  Thrombectomy  team  to  be  electronically  informed  of 

patient admissions. 

  The  Mechanical  Thrombectomy  team  will  be  responsible  for  the  patient  during  the  procedure 

including confirmation of complete informed consent. 

  Post  procedure,  the  responsible  stroke  consultant  is  to  provide  ongoing  care  including 

 

monitoring and onward referral in the event of complications. 
In the event of the Mechanical Thrombectomy team considering a direct neurosurgical referral, 
the responsible stroke consultant will also be informed. 

  The  pathways  will  continue  to  be  monitored  at  the  monthly  meeting  of  the  Mechanical 

Thrombectomy Steering Group chaired by the Deputy Medical Director. 

  (Head  of  Service 
The  Trust  also  held  an  Inter-speciality  meeting  on  24.7.2023  chaired  by 
Neurosurgery)  and  attended  by  stroke  and  neurosurgery  heads  of  service,  governance  and  pathway 
leads. (Document 1) 

During this meeting the following issues were discussed; 

  Affirmation  of  method  of  referral  of  stroke  patients  to  Neurosurgery  for  decompressive 

craniectomy in relation to NICE criteria. 

  Consensus  on  how  to  manage  medical  issues  around  stroke  management,  stroke  care  in 

neurosurgery/ITU. 

  Stroke service will have oversight for local patients and those referred as part of tertiary service 

provision. 

  Consensus  on  post-operative  use  of  anti-platelet  agents  and  enoxaparin.  This  included  the 
evidence  and  risk  benefit  of  starting  venous  thromboembolism  (VTE)  prophylaxis  and  use  of 
aspirin. 

  Early cranioplasty patient selection following craniectomy 

There  is limited  evidence to  date of the Stroke team having a clear understanding of the NICE 
guidance  regarding  Decompression  Craniectomy,  specifically  the  importance  of  detailed 
careful monitoring post stroke, with clarity about referral criteria to Neurosurgery. The planned 
Standard Operating Procedure which may set out this clarity is not yet finalised. 

The  NICE  guidance  has  been  re-emphasised  with  all  teams  across  the  pathway  and  is  now 
incorporated  into  the  SOP.  This  was  discussed  during  the  inter-speciality  meeting  on  24.7.2023. 
It 
was  agreed that  the NICE  guidance  is to  be  incorporated  into the  cross-departmental SOP.  This has 
now been finalised and due for circulation and to take effect from 1.9.2023. (Document 2). 
Patients  undergoing  Decompressive  Hemicraniectomy  will  be  monitored 
neurosurgery governance pathways and will report to the Mechanical Thrombectomy Steering Group. 

through  stroke  and 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The  Stroke  Department  also  held  a  teaching  session  on  Decompressive  Hemicraniectomy  for 
ischaemic stroke on 3.7.2023. 

This  session  included  indications,  process  of  referral  and  post-procedure  care.  It  was  attended  by 
consultants, trainees as well as advanced care practitioners. 

The  department  have  also  introduced  specific  teaching  at  induction  around  decompressive  surgery. 
Nursing  teaching  sessions  have  been  organised  with  the  stroke  teaching  practitioner.  A  presentation 
was  also made to  new registrars  in  early August  and  has been uploaded  to the Trust’s  intranet.  This 
includes details around decompressive surgery. (Document 3) 

A  simulated  session  (SIM  session)  on  how  to  manage  a  malignant  MCA  stroke  scenario  for  medical 
registrars was delivered on 24.8.2023 by one of the stroke consultants. 

There  are  currently  limited  opportunities for  joint  discussion  and learning  between  the  Stroke 
and  Neurosurgical  teams.  The  Interventional  Neuro-radiologists  could  of  course  also  usefully 
participate in such Educational activities. 

It  was  agreed  at  the  joint  PFD  response  meeting  on  7.8.2023  to  develop  joint  learning  strategies 
between the Stroke, Neurosurgical and Neuro-Radiology teams. 

In  addition,  all  cases  of  decompressive  surgery  are  to  be  presented  and  discussed  at  the  quarterly 
regional stroke meeting with representatives from stroke and MT services throughout the region. 

Cases involving both specialities will continue to be discussed at service M & M meetings and relevant 
colleagues from other specialities involved in the delivery of care will be invited to the meeting. Cross 
speciality  attendance  may  not  always  be  feasible  but  regardless,  the  minutes  of  individual  speciality 
meetings  are  to  be  shared  across  specialties  and  actions  should  be  discussed  with  governance  and 
service leads. This is to be implemented across the Trust. 

In cases that trigger a SJCR  and pathways of care that cross specialties, services should co-ordinate 
their  response  through  their  governance  leads  and  agree  around  actions,  learning  and  duty  of 
candour. This is to be implemented across the Trust. 

Complex  Mechanical  Thrombectomy  cases  will  continue  to  be  presented  at  and  discussed  at  the 
Mechanical  Thrombectomy  steering  group  with  identified  learning  to  be  disseminated  through 
Mechanical Thrombectomy pathway leads from radiology, stroke and neuro-interventionists. 

Summary 

The actions set out above are intended to address the matters of concern identified in the Prevention 
of Future Deaths report to ensure that there is a stronger working relationship between the stroke and 
neurosurgical  teams.  I  hope  this  response  provides  both  you  and  the  family  of  Mr  Renfrew  our 
commitment to learning from this case to significantly enhance the care for our patients.

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