Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023
Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0332, written 14 Sep 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.
| Date of report | 14 Sep 2023 |
|---|---|
| Reference | 2023-0332 |
| Deceased | Marcel Wochna |
| Coroner | Jason Pegg |
| Coroner area | Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton |
| Category | Child Death (from 2015) · Other related deaths |
| Source | judiciary.uk record · original PDF |
| Responses published | 2 |
Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.
Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 1 The Chief Constable HAMPSHIRE & ISLE OF WIGHT CONSTABULARY 1 CORONER I am Jason Pegg HM Area Coroner for the coroner area of Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton 2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 3 INVESTIGATION AND INQUEST On 17th November 2021 I commenced an investigation into the death of Marcel Maksymilian WOCHNA aged 15. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest heard between 4th and 13th September 2023 sitting with a jury. The conclusion of the inquest was: Narrative Conclusion: On 8th November 2021 the deceased drowned in the River Itchen, Southampton, Hampshire. The deceased jumped into the River Itchen feet first, voluntarily to evade arrest. There was insufficient immediate action taken by attending officers to attempt to rescue Marcel once he had entered the water which probably contributed to his death. The police officers had inadequate knowledge of the working by water policy. Marcel’s death was contributed to be neglect. 4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH Two police officers attended Cobden Marina located on the River Itchen during the early hours of 8th November 2021. It was a dark, cold night, the river temperature was 12 degrees Celsius. The pontoon was unstable causing it to wobble. The police officers found the deceased and another young male on a moored boat. The other male, who was described as “compliant enough”, was moved onto the pontoon and handcuffed to the rear. The officers decided before arriving at the scene that they would handcuff any suspect found. The deceased then exited the boat and stood on the pontoon and held by an officer. The deceased pulled away from the officer and deliberately jumped into the River Itchen. When the deceased jumped into the river the attending police officers did nothing. The officers believed that the deceased had swam away. The officers did not recognise that there was a real and immediate risk to the life of the deceased when he entered the water. Neither officer had heard of Cold Water Shock. Expert evidence indicated that Cold Water Shock is likely to incapacitate within 2 minutes, cardio-pulmonary arrest is likely to follow within 4-5 minutes. Hampshire Constabulary had at the relevant time, and continues to have, a “Working near Water Procedure [21344]”. The Procedure sets out the risks of operating near water, including Cold Water Shock, together with mitigating measures and the necessity for a dynamic risk assessment when operating close to water. Neither officer had seen nor was aware of the “Working near Water Procedure” on 8th November 2021. One officer had served for 11 years, one had recently completed their training. Both officers operated from a police station covering the River Itchen which flows through a busy city and has Southampton Water to the south. The attending officers accepted that had they been aware of the Procedure on 8th November 2021 they would have known of the real and immediate risk to life associated with Cold Water Shock. In 2011 Hampshire Constabulary introduced their own Constabulary wide on-line training package relating to working near water. That training package makes no mention of Cold Water Shock. The training package makes no mention of the procedure to adopt when seeking to effect a rescue from water namely, “Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go”. The "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go" is a recognised procedure and utilised by Hampshire Constabulary Marine Unit. Hampshire Marine Unit apply handcuffs as a last resort to detain a person when operating near water, which includes on a pontoon. When handcuffs are used as a last resort the detained person is handcuffed to the front in order to afford the detained person the opportunity to tread water or take hold of an object in the event they come to be in the water. The risks of handcuffing a person to the rear whilst in close proximity to water were not recognised by the attending (Non-Marine Unit) officers. 5 CORONER’S CONCERNS During the course of the investigation and inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern in relation to Hampshire & Isle of Wight Constabulary police officers. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 1. Lack of awareness of Cold Water Shock and the associated immediate risk to life; 2. Lack of awareness of the recognised "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” procedure ; 3. Lack of awareness of risks associated with the use of handcuffs, particularly so to the rear, when detaining a person near water; 4. Absence of effective dissemination, access and awareness of the Hampshire Constabulary “Working near Water Procedure” and the risks, mitigations and the need for necessary dynamic risk assessments set out therein. 6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your organisation have the power to take such action. 7 YOUR RESPONSE You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 8th November, 2023. I, HM Coroner, may extend the period. Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 8 COPIES and PUBLICATION I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: (Mother of the deceased) I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, HM Coroner, at the time of your response about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 9 HM Area Coroner Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton
2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.
Tuesday, 7th November 2023 Dear His Majesty’s Area Coroner Mr Pegg, This letter is intended to provide a formal response to the Regulation 28 report issued on 13th September 2023 following the Inquest into the death of Marcel Wochna. I will detail our response to each of the four areas of concern you have identified within the report. Prior to doing so, I wanted to reassure you that as Chief Constable for Hampshire and the Isle of Wight Constabulary, I take these areas of concern very seriously and have taken time to reflect on the detail within the Regulation 28 Report. Matter of concern 1 - Lack of awareness of Cold Water Shock and the associated immediate risk to life. Frontline officers and staff are regularly provided with training informed by operational policy and procedure, which is intended to ensure they have working knowledge of what is required of them in their role. Cold Water Shock is described within the Constabulary’s ‘Working Near Water Procedure’. However it is recognised that this aspect of the procedure is absent from the E-Learning Training package. This is being rectified and the revised E-Learning package will be made available to officers and staff by the end of November 2023. In addition, an updated ‘Working Near Water Procedure’ has been produced which highlights the impact and immediate risks associated with Cold Water Shock. This forms the basis of the revised E- Learning package and key aspects will be revisited with operational officers and staff annually through face to face training delivered as part of the force’s Personal Safety Training. Matter of concern 2 - Lack of awareness of the recognised "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” procedure. Hampshire and the Isle of Wight Constabulary’s Marine Unit has provided their expertise and support to the rewriting of the force’s updated ‘Working Near Water Procedure’. This means that the "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” method is now properly described for all frontline officers and staff. In addition, this method will be included in the revised ‘E-Learning package’ and will be part of the annual Personal Safety Training refresher for frontline operational officers and staff. Matter of concern 3 - Lack of awareness of risks associated with the use of handcuffs, particularly so to the rear, when detaining a person near water. It is my position that there should be no ‘blanket ban’ on the use of handcuffs near water as it is critical that frontline officers are able to make informed assessments on the most appropriate means to ensure the safety of the public, their colleagues and themselves. Frontline officers and staff in specific roles complete Personal Safety Training during their initial training and complete annual refreshers throughout their service. This training provides them with direction on decision making and techniques associated with the use of force (such as handcuffing). Hampshire & Isle of Wight Constabulary is licensed by the College of Policing to provide this training, which is based upon the National Police Chiefs Council and College of Policing published Personal Safety Manual of Guidance. Through this training officers and staff are taught to use the National Decision Model, empowering those staff to make good and objective decisions regarding the use of force so that their actions are reasonable, necessary and proportionate to the circumstances. To directly address the matter of concern related to the use of handcuffs near water, it is important that officers are provided with sufficient information about the risks associated with doing so. The force’s revised ‘Working Near Water Procedure’ and the annual Personal Safety Training refresher will set out that: Officers should, where possible, avoid handcuffing near water where there is a risk of the detained person falling in and becoming submerged. If the officer, following a dynamic risk assessment, decides that the most appropriate action is to cuff the detained person then they should handcuff to the front. Matter of concern 4 - Absence of effective dissemination, access and awareness of the Hampshire Constabulary “Working near Water Procedure” and the risks, mitigations and the need for necessary dynamic risk assessments set out therein. The Constabulary’s revised ‘Working Near Water Procedure’ will be disseminated to all officers and staff. In support of learning and understanding, this will include a link to the updated E-Learning package associated to this procedure. Frontline operational officers and staff will be directed to complete the updated training package. Every year, frontline operational officers and staff in specific roles (including all Police Officers and PCSOs) are required to complete a Personal Safety Training refresher. This annual refresher will be revised to include: a) Cold Water Shock b) "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” c) The risks associated with handcuffing near water I believe the implementation of the revised ‘Working Near Water Procedure’, that will mandate the completion of training packages both virtually and in person, will sufficiently address the concerns set out in the Regulation 28 notice and will equip our officers and staff to maximise the safety of the public when working near water and prevent such tragic circumstances being repeated in the future. Thank you for providing the opportunity to respond. Kind regards Chief Constable
Email: Hampshirecoroners@hants.gov.uk Tuesday, 7th November 2023 Dear His Majesty’s Area Coroner Mr Pegg, This letter is intended to provide a formal response to the Regulation 28 report issued on 13th September 2023 following the Inquest into the death of Marcel Wochna. I will detail our response to each of the four areas of concern you have identified within the report. Prior to doing so, I wanted to reassure you that as Chief Constable for Hampshire and the Isle of Wight Constabulary, I take these areas of concern very seriously and have taken time to reflect on the detail within the Regulation 28 Report. Matter of concern 1 - Lack of awareness of Cold Water Shock and the associated immediate risk to life. Frontline officers and staff are regularly provided with training informed by operational policy and procedure, which is intended to ensure they have working knowledge of what is required of them in their role. Cold Water Shock is described within the Constabulary’s ‘Working Near Water Procedure’. However it is recognised that this aspect of the procedure is absent from the E-Learning Training package. This is being rectified and the revised E-Learning package will be made available to officers and staff by the end of November 2023. In addition, an updated ‘Working Near Water Procedure’ has been produced which highlights the impact and immediate risks associated with Cold Water Shock. This forms the basis of the revised E- Learning package and key aspects will be revisited with operational officers and staff annually through face to face training delivered as part of the force’s Personal Safety Training. Matter of concern 2 - Lack of awareness of the recognised "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” procedure. Hampshire and the Isle of Wight Constabulary’s Marine Unit has provided their expertise and support to the rewriting of the force’s updated ‘Working Near Water Procedure’. This means that the "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” method is now properly described for all frontline officers and staff. In addition, this method will be included in the revised ‘E-Learning package’ and will be part of the annual Personal Safety Training refresher for frontline operational officers and staff. Matter of concern 3 - Lack of awareness of risks associated with the use of handcuffs, particularly so to the rear, when detaining a person near water. It is my position that there should be no ‘blanket ban’ on the use of handcuffs near water as it is critical that frontline officers are able to make informed assessments on the most appropriate means to ensure the safety of the public, their colleagues and themselves. Frontline officers and staff in specific roles complete Personal Safety Training during their initial training and complete annual refreshers throughout their service. This training provides them with direction on decision making and techniques associated with the use of force (such as handcuffing). Hampshire & Isle of Wight Constabulary is licensed by the College of Policing to provide this training, which is based upon the National Police Chiefs Council and College of Policing published Personal Safety Manual of Guidance. Through this training officers and staff are taught to use the National Decision Model, empowering those staff to make good and objective decisions regarding the use of force so that their actions are reasonable, necessary and proportionate to the circumstances. To directly address the matter of concern related to the use of handcuffs near water, it is important that officers are provided with sufficient information about the risks associated with doing so. The force’s revised ‘Working Near Water Procedure’ and the annual Personal Safety Training refresher will set out that: Officers should, where possible, avoid handcuffing near water where there is a risk of the detained person falling in and becoming submerged. If the officer, following a dynamic risk assessment, decides that the most appropriate action is to cuff the detained person then they should handcuff to the front. Matter of concern 4 - Absence of effective dissemination, access and awareness of the Hampshire Constabulary “Working near Water Procedure” and the risks, mitigations and the need for necessary dynamic risk assessments set out therein. The Constabulary’s revised ‘Working Near Water Procedure’ will be disseminated to all officers and staff. In support of learning and understanding, this will include a link to the updated E-Learning package associated to this procedure. Frontline operational officers and staff will be directed to complete the updated training package. Every year, frontline operational officers and staff in specific roles (including all Police Officers and PCSOs) are required to complete a Personal Safety Training refresher. This annual refresher will be revised to include: a) Cold Water Shock b) "Shout, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” c) The risks associated with handcuffing near water I believe the implementation of the revised ‘Working Near Water Procedure’, that will mandate the completion of training packages both virtually and in person, will sufficiently address the concerns set out in the Regulation 28 notice and will equip our officers and staff to maximise the safety of the public when working near water and prevent such tragic circumstances being repeated in the future. Thank you for providing the opportunity to respond. Kind regards Scott Chilton Chief Constable
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