Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Steven Bowker

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0504, written 2 Dec 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report2 Dec 2023
Reference2023-0504
DeceasedSteven Bowker
CoronerChristopher Murray
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:   
The Home Office 2 Marsham St, London SW1P 4DF 
Andrew Stephenson MP for the Department of Health and Social Care. 
CORONER 

1 

I am, Christopher Murray Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of South Manchester  

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 2nd December 2021, I commenced an investigation into the death of Steven Bowker. 
The investigation concluded on the 23rd June 2022 and the conclusion was one of Drug 
related death. The medical cause of death was 1a) 
toxicity (
Alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis, hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma.  

) and (II) 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Steven Bowker fell from garden ladders in 2016 whilst gardening. He landed on his elbow 
and was in considerable pain which ultimately affected his work causing him, in part, to 
leave his job. He was prescribed 
for several years and developed an addiction to his medication. He was taking a cocktail of 
pain relief and was unable to reduce his dependency on his medication, particularly 

 which is an opioid. He remained on 

. His relationships suffered and he became withdrawn from friends and family. 

He was not responding to phone calls and ultimately the police were called to attend the 
property 
pronounced dead at his home address
on 1st December 2021. The cause of death was 

 Manchester Road where Mr Bowker was found unresponsive and 

 Manchester Road, Altrincham 
 toxicity, 

analysis of blood and urine samples.  

 confirmed following toxicological 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

I am concerned by the dangers to patients in respect of the prolonged prescription and 
use of opiate medication. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 power to take such action.  
YOUR RESPONSE 

7 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by Monday 29th January 2024.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons namely 
I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

, Steven’s widow.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

2nd December 2023 

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
The Rt Hon Andrew Stephenson CBE MP 
The Minister of State for Health and Secondary Care 
39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

020 7210 4850 

27 March 2024 

Mr Christopher Murray 
Coroner's Court 
1 Mount Tabor Street 
Stockport 
SK1 3AG  

Dear Mr Murray,  

Thank you for your letter of 2 December 2023 about the death of Mr Steven Bowker. I 
am replying as Minister with responsibility for medicines and medicines regulation. 

Firstly,  I  would  like  to  say  how  saddened  I  was  to  read  of  the  circumstances  of  Mr 
Bowker’s death and I offer my sincere condolences to their family and loved ones. You 
have  raised  concerns  of  the  dangers  to  patients  in  respect  of  the  prolonged 
prescription and use of opiate medication and I am grateful to you for bringing these 
matters to my attention. Thank you for the additional time provided to the department 
to provide a response.  

In  preparing  this  response  departmental  official  have  made  enquiries  with  NHS 
England and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).  

I hope you will appreciate and understand, that the decision to prescribe a particular 
product is, rightly, a clinical one and should be based on the patient’s medical needs. 
GPs  and  clinicians  are  expected  to  take  into  account  regulatory  and  good  practice 
guidance, appropriate local and national guidance on clinical, and cost effectiveness 
and  treatment  pathways  of  their  respective  Integrated  Care  Board  (ICB).  They  are 
accountable  for  their  prescribing  decisions,  both  professionally  and  to  their  service 
commissioners. Similarly, the process of reviewing medication is one in which the GP 
or  responsible  clinician  work  together  with  the  patient  to  decide  on  the  most 
appropriate  course  of  treatment.  Prescribing  clinicians  should  always  satisfy 
themselves  that  the  medicines  they  consider  appropriate  for  their  patients  can  be 
safely  prescribed.  This  prescribing  decision  and  any  monitoring  activity  should  be 
discussed and agreed with the patient. 

In  March  2023,  NHS  England  published  Optimising  personalised  care  for  adults 
prescribed  medicines  associated  with  dependence  or  withdrawal  symptoms: 
framework  for  action.  The  framework  sets  out  five  actions  for  ICBs  to  consider  to 
further  reduce  inappropriate  prescribing  of  high-strength  painkillers  and  other 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 addiction-causing  medicines,  like  opioids  and  benzodiazepines.  Sometimes  these 
medicines may no longer be the most clinically appropriate treatment for patients  – 
and in some cases can become harmful without intervention. 

Several  data  resources  provide  insights  to  ICBs  to  foster  improvement  at  the  local 
level.  Data  from  the  English  Dispensing  Dataset  (EPD)  is  available  on  an  Opioid 
Prescribing Comparators dashboard (NHS Business Services Authority [BSA]). This 
dashboard can be used to review up-to-date data, highlight variation and support local 
work  to  reduce  harm  from  the  prescribing  of  dependence  and  withdrawal  forming 
medicines,  as  well  as  equip  users  with  the  tools  for  ongoing  monitoring.  The 
dashboard will be continually reviewed and updated with more metrics and views. Data 
is also available on duration of treatment of opioids, as well as the number of patients 
prescribed  a  dependence  forming  medicine  who  have  received  a  structured 
medication  review  (SMR).   SMRs  are  designed  to  be  a  comprehensive  and  clinical 
review of a patient’s medicines and detailed aspects of their health. They are delivered 
by facilitating shared decision-making conversations with patients aimed at ensuring 
that their medication is working well for them. 

Each  ICB  should  take  a  population  health  management  approach  using  data  on 
primary  care  prescribing  and  health  inequalities  to  monitor  implementation  of  the 
actions  and  foster  improvement  at  the  local  level.  This  includes  looking  at  data  on 
access to services, patient experience feedback and outcomes for communities within 
the integrated care system (ICS) that often experience health inequalities.  

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is the independent body 
responsible for developing evidence-based guidelines for the National Health Service, 
following a rigorous process and extensive engagement with stakeholders and expert 
input to develop the scope of the guidelines. In April 2022, NICE published guideline 
Medicines associated with dependence or withdrawal symptoms: safe prescribing and 
withdrawal  management  for  adults.  This  guideline  covers  general  principles  for 
prescribing and managing withdrawal from medicines such as opioids in primary and 
secondary care. However, it is important to note that NICE guidelines do not override 
a clinician’s responsibility to make decisions appropriate to individual patients. NICE 
guidelines describe best practice, and the Government expects NHS commissioners 
to  take  them  into  account  in  designing  services  that  meet  the  needs  of  their  local 
populations. 

The MHRA regulates medicines amongst its other functions. The MHRA ensures that 
information  about  medicines  marketed  within  the  UK  is  available  to  patients,  their 
families,  and  doctors,  to  inform  them  of  the  risks  and  benefits  associated  with 
treatment. This information is kept up to date during the lifecycle of the product and 
consists  of  the  summary  of  product  characteristics  (SmPC)  for  prescribers  and  the 
patient information leaflet (PIL) for patients. The product information can be accessed 
on the MHRA website https://products.mhra.gov.uk/ and the PIL is supplied with each 
package of medicine. 

The MHRA continuously monitors the benefits and risk of medical products on the UK 
market and takes action to reduce risks where appropriate. Due to some inconsistency 
in  information  on  dependence  to  opioid  medicines,  in  2019,  the  MHRA  launched  a 
review  of  the  risks  of  dependency  and  addiction  to  opioid  medicines  used  in  the 

 
 
 
 
 
 treatment of acute pain and established the Commission of Human Medicines’ Opioid 
Expert Working Group. Following this review in December 2019, the Commission of 
Human  Medicines  made  recommendations  to  update  product  information  and 
guidance  for  healthcare  professionals  Opioids:  risk  of  dependence  and  addiction  - 
GOV.UK  (www.gov.uk).  All  national  licences  authorised  in  the  UK  now  include 
consistent information concerning dependence and addiction. These include guidance 
to involve patients in a conversation with their prescriber to plan for end of treatment 
and  all  labels  for  medicines  containing  opioids  now  state  “can  cause  addiction, 
contains opioid”. 

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention 
and once again, please accept my sincere apologies for the delay in responding to 
your letter.  

Yours sincerely, 

Rt. Hon Andrew Stephenson CBE MP 
Minister of State Health and Secondary Care

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