Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Michael Briggs

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0208, written 18 Apr 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report18 Apr 2024
Reference2024-0208
DeceasedMichael Briggs
CoronerSophie Loman
Coroner areaDerby and Derbyshire
CategoryOther related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1  National Institute for HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE 

1  CORONER 

I am Sophie LOMAS, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Derby and Derbyshire 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 13 January 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of Michael BRIGGS aged 
79.  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 21 March 2024. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 7th November 2022 Michael Briggs consulted with his dentist as to undergoing dental 
extractions due to pain. He was advised to discuss the safety of such a procedure with his 
GP as he was taking anticoagulants. On 26th November he returned to his dentist and, 
having indicated to the dentist that there were no issues with him undergoing the 
procedure, he proceeded to have three extractions. The procedure was uneventful, and he 
returned home to recuperate. On 30th November 2022 Mr Briggs was admitted to A & E 
with a fever and reported a history of bleeding following the extraction. Blood cultures 
confirmed the presence of staphylococcus aureus and, as Mr Briggs had a bio-prosthetic 
aortic valve, it was suspected that he had developed infective endocarditis. The diagnosis 
was confirmed by Trans-oesophageal Echo on 14th December 2022 and he was treated 
with antibiotics. Despite treatment his condition continued to deteriorate. He was 
recognised as approaching the end of his life and sadly died at Royal Derby Hospital on 
11th January 2023. 

The court heard evidence that infective endocarditis is a recognised complication of invasive 
dental procedures for those who have certain underlying health conditions such as valve 
replacements. For such patients the provision of antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce the risk 
of developing infective endocarditis. On the evidence before the court, it is not possible to 
determine whether prophylactic antibiotics would have made a difference to the outcome in 
Mr Brigg’s case. 

Narrative conclusion:  Michael Briggs died due to recognised complications arising from a 
dental extraction procedure. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

CONTROLLED 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 The matters of concern arise in the context of patients who are at increased risk of infective 
endocarditis following dental procedures and whether such patients should be given 
antibiotic prophylaxis. At inquest the court heard evidence that there is limited guidance 
available for dentists in England and Wales on how to manage such patients. The evidence 
heard at inquest gives rise to the following matters of concern: 

The NICE guideline GC64 “Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis”  states that 

• 
antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis is not recommended routinely for 
people undergoing dental procedures. The guideline does not provide any implementation 
advice for dentists on how they should manage patients who are at an increased risk. 

• 
The Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) produced 
implementation advice in August 2018 entitled “Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Infective 
Endocarditis”. The document contains a “NICE Statement of Endorsement”  that the advice 
supports the implementation of recommendations in GC64. There is no reciprocal 
endorsement or mention of the SDCEP advice in GC64 and there does not appear to be any 
such implementation advice applicable to dentists in England and Wales. 

• 
In 2023 the European Society of Cariology (ESC) produced Clinical Practice 
Guidelines for the management of endocarditis which recommends antibiotic prophylaxis for 
high risk individuals. The court heard evidence that cardiologists in England and Wales are 
regularly following this guidance which conflicts with the 2016 NICE guideline. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by May 31, 2024.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

Royal Derby Hospital - Legal Services 

  DENTIST 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 18/04/2024 

CONTROLLED 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 Sophie LOMAS 
Assistant Coroner for 
Derby and Derbyshire 

CONTROLLED 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from National Institution for Health and Care Excellence (PDF)
2nd Floor 
2 Redmond Place 
London 
E20 1JQ 
United Kingdom 

18 June 2024 

Ms Sophie Lomas 
Assistant Coroner – Derby and Derbyshire 
St Katherine's House 
St Mary's Wharf 
Mansfield Road 
Derby 
DE1 3TQ 

Dear Ms Lomas, 

I write in response to your regulation 28 report of regarding the very sad death of Mr Michael Briggs. I 
would like to express my sincere condolences to Mr Briggs’ family.  

We have considered the circumstances in your letter regarding dental extraction and the prescribing 
of antibiotics. 

As you have noted in your report, in our guideline on prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: 
antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing 
interventional procedures [CG64] we do not routinely recommend antibiotic prophylaxis against 
infective endocarditis (IE) for people undergoing dental procedures (recommendation 1.1.3). 

The recommendation is worded as “do not routinely”, which emphasises NICE's standard advice 
on healthcare professionals' responsibilities. Doctors and dentists should offer the most appropriate 
treatment options, in consultation with their patients. In doing so, they should take account of the 
recommendations in this guideline and the values and preferences of patients, and apply their clinical 
judgement. 

Therefore, if Mr Briggs’ clinical history and circumstances suggested to the dentist that antibiotics 
might have been appropriate, to prescribe them would have been entirely in line with the discretion 
supported by the guideline as outlined above. 

When we publish our guidelines, we include tools and resources to support implementation. In terms 
of the Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme (SDCEP) implementation advice on antibiotic 
prophylaxis against infective endocarditis, a link to this endorsed resource is included in the tools and 
resources section for CG64.  

In the 2015 review of CG64, the guideline committee agreed that current evidence was insufficient to 
support the hypothesis that interventional procedures, including dental extraction, lead to the 
development of infective endocarditis in people with pre-existing cardiac conditions. Furthermore, the 
committee concluded that there is insufficient evidence to recommend prophylactic use of antibiotics 
in those at risk of infective endocarditis undergoing interventional procedures, including dental 
extraction. From the evidence examined, the committee were unable to establish whether or not 
prophylaxis was effective. 

The issue of conflicting information on the need for antibiotic prophylaxis being provided by 
cardiologists, dental practitioners and hygienists was raised by the committee as a potential 
significant problem and the committee discussed the importance of clear and consistent information 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 for patients and families and also that a balanced view of the lack of evidence indicating effectiveness 
of prophylaxis for infective endocarditis as well as any potential harms of prophylaxis should be fully 
explained to the person considering treatment. This will in turn allow the patient to make an informed 
decision about continuing/discontinuing prophylaxis. 

We have committed to review the current evidence relating to prophylaxis against infective 
endocarditis this financial year and will determine whether any new information, studies or research 
would support the case for a further update of existing NICE guidance. 

Please do let me know if you require any further information and again, I offer my sincerest 
condolences to Mr Briggs’ family.  

Yours sincerely, 

Chief Executive 

                                                                                                                                 Page | 2

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