Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

James Cockburn

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0352, written 2 Jul 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report2 Jul 2024
Reference2024-0352
DeceasedJames Cockburn
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedManchester University NHS Foundation Trust · Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1)  Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board 
2)  NHS England 

1 

CORONER 

I am Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of South Manchester 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice 
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 30th May 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of James Neil 
COCKBURN. The investigation concluded on the 29th May 2024 and the 
conclusion was one of Narrative: Died from a myocardial infarction whilst under 
the care of cardiac specialist teams for assessment for cardiac intervention. The 
medical cause of death was 1a) Acute myocardial infarction 1b) Coronary 
artery atheroma 1c) II Diabetes (type 2), Aortic Stenosis, End stage renal 
disease (on Dialysis), Hypertension, Obesity 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

James Neil Cockburn had multiple comorbidities. He was referred in August 
2022 to cardiology after an echocardiogram indicated he had moderate to 
severe aortic stenosis of the aortic valve. He had a cardiology appointment on 
12th December 2022 and was referred for a trans oesophageal echocardiogram 
in February 2023. A further echocardiogram on 23rd February at Salford Royal 
Hospital confirmed severe aortic stenosis that result was entered on the 
Manchester University Foundation Trust system on 17th March 2023. He was 
referred to the cardiac surgery team. He saw the cardiac surgeon on 10th May 
2023. He was referred for further tests to assess for open heart surgery. Whilst 
awaiting these tests he had a myocardial infarction and died at his home 
address on 26th May 2023. 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 

1 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action 
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  – 
The inquest heard that despite the referral being in August 2022 he had to wait 
months for his appointment due to the demand on cardiac services. This was 
significant across Greater Manchester but reflected a national picture of 
significant delays in patients waiting to see a cardiologist. As a consequence 
patient/s with cardiac issues are subject to delays in treatment plans and 
decision making regarding suitability for potentially lifesaving surgical 
procedures. In Mr Cockburn’s case he died whilst waiting assessment for his 
suitability for open heart surgery. It was 9 months since the first referral. 

The position the inquest was told is exacerbated due to significant wait times 
for essential tests such as trans oesophageal echocardiograms to be carried out 
due to a shortage of suitably quailed professionals to carry them out. 

In his case the position was further exacerbated by delays in communication 
between two different trusts – NCA and MUFT. Their IT systems are completely 
separate and cannot transmit information into the others patient records easily. 
This meant that it was almost a month before the system at MUFT was updated 
with the test results from Salford Royal. 
ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

6 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 27TH August 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action 
is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely 
the family and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust who may find it 
useful or of interest. 

 on behalf of 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, 
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication 
of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Alison Mutch 
HM Senior Corner 

02.07.2024 

3

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Gmic (PDF)
E: 

Date: 27 August 2024 

Private & Confidential 
Ms Alison Mutch 
H M Senior Coroner  
Coroner’s Court 
1 Mount Tabor Street 
Stockport 
SK1 3AG 

Dear Ms Mutch 

Re: Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths  

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report dated 2nd of July 2024 regarding the sad death of James 
Cockburn. On behalf of NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care (NHS GM), We would like to begin by 
offering our sincere condolences to Jame’s family for their loss. 

Thank you for highlighting your concerns during the inquest which concluded on the 29th of May 2024.  
On behalf of NHS GM, we apologise that you have had to bring these matters of concern to our 
attention.  We recognise it is very important to ensure we make the necessary improvements to the 
quality and safety of future services.   

During the inquest you identified the following cause for concern: - 

The inquest heard that despite the referral being in August 2022 he had to wait months for his 
appointment due to the demand on cardiac services. This was significant across Greater 
Manchester but reflected a national picture of significant delays in patients waiting to see a 
cardiologist. As a consequence, patient/s with cardiac issues are subject to delays in treatment 
plans and decision making regarding suitability for potentially lifesaving surgical procedures. In 
Mr Cockburn’s case he died whilst waiting assessment for his suitability for open heart surgery. 
It was 9 months since the first referral. 

Cardiovascular disease or CVD is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels and 
includes angina, heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. CVD has been identified as the single biggest 
area where our NHS can save lives over the next 10 years. Not only does it contribute to the gap in life 
expectancy between the rich and poor, it is also the leading cause of premature death and health 
inequalities across Greater Manchester (GM) where heart and circulatory diseases will kill more than 1 in 
4 people.  

NHS Greater Manchester 
The Tootal Buildings, 56 Oxford Street, Manchester, M1 6EU 
  www.gmintegratedcare.org.uk 

A5 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NHS Greater Manchester ICB has a CVD prevention plan1 (based on the National CVD Prevention 
Recovery Plan 2022) and the key objective within this GM plan for CVD improvement is to support 
recovery from COVID-19 and return performance to pre-pandemic levels. This includes improving 
waiting times for patients to see a cardiologist and access to the key diagnostic tests.   

This plan is overseen by the GM CVD Prevention Oversight Group and addresses the need to respond 
to the national CVD Prevention Recovery Plan and builds on our existing workstreams, structures and 
networks. It sets out an innovative, whole-system, population-health approach that empowers clinicians, 
non-clinical partners, patients, and communities across our system to work together to prevent CVD by 
providing alignment and co-ordination across different parts of the system.  

Positive progress is being made on waiting times to access cardiac services and related diagnostic tests. 
However positive progress in relation to early detection and timely referral of patients at risk of CVD has 
increased demand on tertiary specialist referrals and related diagnostic tests. Progression of the NHS 
GM CVD Prevention Plan remains a key priority for NHS GM.  

The position the inquest was told is exacerbated due to significant wait times for essential tests 
such as trans oesophageal echocardiograms to be carried out due to a shortage of suitably 
quailed professionals to carry them out.  

Radiologist shortages are being experienced nationally, with a 15% vacancy rate across Greater 
Manchester at consultant grade.    

The Greater Manchester Imaging Network are supporting the upskilling and change of skill mix within the 
Imaging workforce by allocating funding for reporting radiographers, focusing on computerised 
tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporting radiographers. Furthermore, the 
network are coordinating international recruitment via community diagnostic centres (CDC) funding 
stream to bring in more radiologists.   

The Imaging network are exploring the use of a collaborative staff bank, including CT, to reduce reliance 
on agencies etc. Also, the use of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) based reporting in 
future will be an enabler for an insourcing model or more centralised service to be used for 
reporting.   PACS are Picture and Communication Systems, which provide economical storage and 
convenient access to images from multiple modalities and could therefore be used as central storage 
systems that can be used across GM, reducing the staffing resource required to do the reporting.  The 
implementation of PACS is currently a key scheme within the Imaging Digital Programme.  

In his case the position was further exacerbated by delays in communication between two 
different trusts – NCA and MUFT. Their IT systems are completely separate and cannot transmit 
information into the others patient records easily. This meant that it was almost a month before 
the system at MUFT was updated with the test results from Salford Royal. 

Inter-operability of different information technology systems to enable efficient and effective 
communication across primary care, secondary care, tertiary care and wider system partners is a 
challenge. This is both at a Greater Manchester level and wider. We continue to work towards improving 
this as a system.   

1 Greater-Manchester-Recovery-and-Prevention-Plan_final.pdf (england.nhs.uk) 

NHS Greater Manchester 
The Tootal Buildings, 56 Oxford Street, Manchester, M1 6EU 
  www.gmintegratedcare.org.uk 

A6 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 Health and social care organisations in Greater Manchester have established the GM Care Record 
(GMCR), a shared care record which amalgamates essential information for 2.8 million citizens and is 
used by health and social care professionals for direct care across the region’s 10 localities.  

This shared care record is seen as a priority in the regional provision of care. The number of unique 
monthly users grew over 100% between April 2020 and December 2020 and continues to grow, with 
more than 4,000 patient records being accessed each day. Graphnet’s CareCentric shared care record 
software collates information from and provides information to over 500 health and social care 
organisations.   

Data held in the shared care record includes:  

•  appointments and visits  
•  assessment and test information  
•  care packages  
•  critical clinical support requirements such as allergies, medications, and alerts  

We acknowledge that there is still further work to do in relation to this and we will be challenging the 
leaders who support our digital transformation programmes to look in more detail at improving the 
interface between secondary and tertiary care systems and our providers in these sectors as to how they 
work together to enable this.   

We will be sharing this learning at the Greater Manchester System Quality Group on the 19th of 
September 2024.  

Thank you for brining this matter to our attention.  

Best wishes 

Chief Nursing Officer 
NHS Greater Manchester 

NHS Greater Manchester 
The Tootal Buildings, 56 Oxford Street, Manchester, M1 6EU 
  www.gmintegratedcare.org.uk 

A7
Response from Nhse (PDF)
Ms Alison Mutch 
Senior  Coroner 
Manchester  South Coroner’s  Court 
1 Mount Tabor  Street 
Stockport  
SK1 3AG  

National Medical  Director  
NHS England   
Wellington  House 
133-155  Waterloo  Road  
London 
SE1 8UG 

21/08/2024 

Dear Coroner, 

Re: Regulation  28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths  – James  Neil Cockburn 
who died on 26 May 2023 

Thank you for your Report to Prevent Future Deaths  (hereafter “Report”) dated  2 July 
2024  concerning  the  death  of James Neil  Cockburn  on 26  May 2023.  In  advance  of 
responding  to the specific concerns raised  in your Report, I would  like to express  my 
deep condolences  to James’ family and loved ones.  NHS England  are keen to assure 
the  family and  the  Coroner  that  the  concerns  raised  about  James’  care  have  been 
listened  to and reflected upon.    

Your  Report  raises  concerns  over  national  delays  in  patients  waiting  to  see 
cardiologists  due  to  demands  on  the  service,  and  for essential  tests  such  as  trans 
oesophageal  echocardiograms to be carried out due to a shortage  of suitably  qualified 
professionals.   

NHS England  is working at a national  level  to deliver the  Long-Term  Workforce Plan. 
This  is a robust  and  effective strategy  to ensure  we have the  right number  of people, 
with  the right  skills  and  support  in place  to be  able  to deliver  the  kind  of care people 
need.  It heralds  the start  of the biggest  recruitment  drive in health  service history, but 
also  of an  ongoing  programme  of strategic  workforce planning.  It includes  ambitious 
commitments  to  grow  the  workforce by  significantly  expanding  domestic  education, 
training  and recruitment, as well as actions aimed at improving culture, leadership  and 
wellbeing  so that  more staff are retained  in  NHS employment over the next 15 years. 
These  actions  will  aim  to  close  anticipated  staffing  shortfalls  in  the  NHS in  the  long 
term, however  NHS Trusts  have a  responsibility  to ensure  safe  staffing levels  in  the 
current day to day operation  of their  hospitals.  This  is in line with  CQC Regulation  18, 
which  states  that  providers  must  deploy  enough  suitably  qualified,  competent  and 
experienced  staff to enable  them to meet all other  regulatory requirements. 

In February  2022,  NHS England  published  the  Delivery plan  for tackling  the  COVID-
19 backlog of  elective care which sets out that the NHS is working to recover elective 
care over  a three-year  period.  The  plan  includes  the  ambition  to  bring  down  waiting 
times  for  elective  care,  as  well  as  improving  diagnostic  turnaround  times  and 
pathways.  This  includes  plans  to  support  local  areas  to  create  extra  capacity   within 
NHS services to focus on more complex areas,  such as cardiac surgery, and improve 
the service provision  for the most clinically urgent  patients.   

A1                                                                                                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NHS  England  published  the  imaging  reporting  turnaround  time  guidance  in  August 
2023,  available  here: NHS England  » Diagnostic  imaging  reporting  turnaround  times. 
The guidance  sets  out the  maximum turnaround  times from the imaging  examination 
and acquisition  toa verified report being  made available  to the referring clinician. 

Caveats  in  the  guidance  include  workforce  capacity  issues,  as  the  numbers  of 
reporting  staff (radiologists  and reporting  radiographers)  are not increasing  in line with 
demand.  We  are  supporting  Trusts  to  increase  reporting  capacity  by increasing  the 
number  of  reporting  radiographers  and  trainee  radiologists  per  financial  year, 
international  recruitment  initiatives  and  workforce  demand  and  capacity  planning 
tools.  Since October 2021, over 120 Community Diagnostic  Centres (CDCs) have also 
been  opened  across England  to support  access to diagnostic  tests.    

To  further  support  quicker  access  to  diagnostic  tests,  NHS  England  published 
guidance  in  December  2023  for enhancing  GP direct  access  to  diagnostic  tests  for 
patients  with  clinical  features  of heart  disease:  NHS England  » Enhancing  GP direct 
access  to diagnostic  tests  for patients  with  suspected  chronic  obstructive  pulmonary 
disease,  asthma,  or heart failure.   

My regional  colleagues  in  the  North  West  have  also  been  engaging  with  the  NHS 
Greater Manchester  Integrated  Care Board (GM ICB) on the  concerns raised  in your 
Report,  who  I  note  you  have  also  addressed  your  Report  to.  We  understand  that 
Manchester University NHS Foundation  Trust (MUFT) have undertaken  a High Impact 
Learning  Assessment  (HILA)  regarding  the  care  delivered  to  James,  and  have 
provided  an  assurance  report  to  the  ICB  on  the  learnings  taken  and  actions  to 
implement  changes.  This  has  included  a  requirement  to  improve  the  cardiology 
referral-to-treatment  (RTT) standard  and the pathways  for Transcatheter  Aortic Valve 
Implantation  (TAVI).  

Work  on  patient  pathways  across  MUFT  will  feed  into  the  Cardiovascular  Strategic 
Clinical  Network  to  inform  how  the ICB  support  and  spread  the  work  across 
the Greater Manchester  system. 

There  is  currently  a  15%  radiology  vacancy  rate  across  Greater  Manchester  at 
Consultant  grade  level. The  Greater  Manchester  Imaging  Network are  supporting 
upskilling  and  the  change  of  skill  mix  within  the  imaging  workforce by  allocating 
for  reporting  radiographers,  with  a  focus  on  CT  and  MRI  reporting 
funding 
radiographers.  The  Network is  coordinating  international  recruitment  via  the  CDCs 
funding  stream  to bring  in  more radiologists.  The  Imaging  Network are  exploring  the 
use of collaborative  bank staff to reduce agency reliance.   

Your Report  also  raises  a concern over  the delays  in communication between  MUFT 
and Northern  Care Alliance NHS Foundation  Trust  (NCA), including  the fact that their 
IT systems are completely separate.  The aim of the NHS England Frontline  Digitisation 
(FD) Programme is for all secondary care Trusts to have an Electronic Patient  Record 
system (EPR) that meets defined capability standards.  The ability to access up-to-date 
patient  medical  records  at  any  time  increases  safety,  improves  outcomes,  and 
provides  productivity benefits  compared with paper  records. 

A2 In  2022,  MUFT  secured  funding  to  support  levelling  up  capabilities  following  the 
acquisition  of the North Manchester  General Hospital  site, to ensure  the same level of 
EPR maturity as the other nine hospital  sites  within  MUFT. 

Similarly, in  2022,  NCA secured  funding  to level  up EPR capabilities  to the minimum 
specification  by March 2025.  This  ongoing  optimisation  programme  will  address  the 
concerns raised,  as  it will ensure  NCA will  transition  various clinical  sites  to adopt  the 
additional  functionality  and  business  capability.  This  transition  includes  Salford sites 
transition,  which started  in 2023 and is due  to conclude in January 2025 

through 

the  FD  programme 

NHS  England 
to  supporting 
is 
through  optimisation  by  providing  a  useful  resource  for  Trusts.  It 
organisations 
provides  a range  of guidance  and  support  from Subject  Matter Experts  and  a library 
of  support  materials  and  blueprints,  highlighting  lessons  learnt  and  implementation 
risks, although  these  are not vendor specific. 

fully  committed 

Future  plans  include  collaboration  between  the  NHS  England  Patient  Safety  and 
Digital  Clinical  Safety Teams to  take learning  from incidents  concerning  EPR related 
patient safety and other relevant digital  implementations,  and to provide scenarios  that 
Trusts  can use to evaluate  their systems and processes  when preparing  for their EPR 
implementations. 

that 

ICB  advise 

there  will  be  a 

GM 
for  digital 
transformation  programmes  to look in more detail  at improving the  interface between 
secondary  and  tertiary  care  systems,  and  providers  are  working  together  to  enable 
this.  Learnings  will  be  shared  across  the GM  System  Quality  Group  in  November 
2024.   

request 

leads 

for 

I  would  also  like  to  provide  further  assurances  on  the  national  NHS  England  work 
taking  place  around  the  Reports  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths.  All  reports  received  are 
discussed  by  the  Regulation  28  Working  Group,  comprising  Regional  Medical 
Directors,  and  other  clinical  and  quality  colleagues  from  across  the  regions.  This 
ensures  that  key  learnings  and  insights  around  events,  such  as  the  sad  death  of 
James, are shared  across  the NHS at both  a national  and regional  level and helps  us 
to  pay  close  attention  to  any  emerging  trends  that  may  require  further  review  and 
action.   

Thank you for bringing these important patient safety issues  to my attention  and please 
do not hesitate  to contact me should  you need any further information.  

Yours sincerely,   

A3  
  
 
  
  
 National  Medical Director    

A4

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