Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Raymond Watkins

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0353, written 26 Jun 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report26 Jun 2024
Reference2024-0353
DeceasedRaymond Watkins
CoronerJoanne Kearsley
Coroner areaManchester North
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1.  Rt  Hon  Victoria  Atkins,  Department  of  Health  And  Social  Care,  39  Victoria  Street, 

London, SW1 H 0EU 

CORONER 

I am  Joanne Kearsley, Senior Coroner for the Coroner area of Manchester North 

2 

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I  make  this  report  under  paragraph  7,  Schedule  5,  of  the  Coroner's  and  Justice  Act  2009  and 
Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  the  21 st  December  2022,  I  commenced  an  investigation  into  the  death  of  Raymond  Horace 
Watkins.  Raymond  Watkins  died  on  the  28th  November  2022  at  Royal  Oldham  hospital.  The 
investigation  concluded  on  the 26th  June 2024. The  medical  cause  of death was  confirmed as  1a) 
Septicaemia  1b)  Insulin  controlled  Type  2  Diabetes,  Chronic  Obstructive  Pulmonary  Disease, 
lschaemic Heart Disease,  Pressure Ulcers 2) Cerebrovascular Accident 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH 

Mr Watkins had been admitted to hospital on  the 4th  November 2022.  During this admission he was 
placed on end of life palliative care and his usual medications including his insulin were stopped.  He 
was discharged from  hospital on the 10th  November 2022 to his care home. 

The following  day  Mr Watkins  advised the  home, his  GP  and  others that  he wanted to restart  his 
medications including  his insulin.  At this stage Mr Watkins had capacity and  his clinical picture had 
improved. 

The  GP  prescribed  his  insulin  and  the  authorisation  required  by  the  District  Nurses  for  them  to 
administer the  same.  The court heard that an authorisation  is  required  before  District Nurses can 
administer the same. 

Due  to  administrative  errors  both  within  the  GP  practice  and  the  District  Nurse  practice  this 
prescription was not authorised before Mr Watkins was readmitted to hospital on the 22nd  November 
2022. 

An initial forensic post mortem had considered the medical cause of death to be directly attributable 
to the lack of insulin however further expert evidence concluded that the prescribing of further insulin 
would , in this case not have been appropriate and in any event would not have made any difference. 
The cause of death was therefore revised. 

However  it  was  acknowledged  by  all  Interested  Persons  and  the  expert  that  the  breakdown  in 
communication between the GP and  District  Nurses was indefensible and  could  in  a different case 
have been causative. 

As a result of their investigation into this case the Northern Care Alliance has developed and rolled 
out  across  4  areas  of Greater  Manchester  a  "Time  Critical  Medicine"  process  for  District  Nurses 
advising  them  as  to  which  medicines  are  considered  time  critical  and  what  steps  to  take  if 
authorisations are not correctly completed on receipt. This includes: 

ContactinQ the Prescriber and  immediately raisinQ  a datix incident 

 - Returning to the prescriber within 2 hours if correct authorisation is not received 
-
-

Escalation by end of shift to a manager 
Escalation following  morning to the Assistant Director of Nursing 

The implementation of this Standard Operating Procedure which came into place in March 2024, led 
to the number of datix incidents increasing significantly, highlighting the widespread issue. However 
since its implementation this has raised the awareness amongst GPs and  prescribers of errors and 
the numbers have declined dramatically to the point where practices are  making real differences to 
the ability for patients to access such medicines. 

5 

CORONER'S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.  In my opinion 
there  is  a  risk that  future  deaths will  occur  unless  action  is  taken.  In  the  circumstances  it  is  my 
statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:-

1.  During  the  course  of the evidence the  court  heard  that  receipt  of correct authorisations  in 
respect of medicines is an  issue faced  by District Nurses in  many areas of the country. 

Currently there is no 'Time Critical Medicine" guidance for the community setting. 

6 

ACTION  SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In  my  opinion  action  should  be  taken  to  prevent  future  deaths  and  I  believe  each  of you 
respectively have the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You  are under a duty to respond to this report within  56  days of the date of this  report, namely 21 
August 2024. I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken , setting out the timetable 
for action.  Otherwise you  must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons namely:-
Family of Mr Watkins 
-
- Northern Care Alliance 
- Abbeycare Care Home 
-

The Alexandra Group Medical  Practice 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish  either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from.  He may 
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.  You may 
make  representations  to  me  the  coroner at  the  time  of your  response,  about  the  release  or  the 
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Date: 

26/06/2024 

Signe(  ~~ / r 

V 

1  1

1 

I

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Dhsc (PDF)
From 

Minister of State for Health  

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

21 August 2024 

Our ref: 

Ms Joanne Kearsley 
Senior Coroner 
HM Coroner's Court 
Floors 2 and 3 
Newgate House 
Newgate 
Rochdale OL16 1AT 

By email: 

Dear Joanne,  

Thank you for the Regulation 28 report of 26 June 2024 sent to the Department of Health 
and Social Care about the death of Raymond Horace Watkins. I am replying as the Minister 
with responsibility for prescribing. 

Firstly, I would like to say how saddened I was to read of the circumstances of Mr Watkins’ 
death, and I offer my sincere condolences to their family and loved ones. The circumstances 
your report describes are concerning and I am grateful to you for bringing these matters to 
my attention. 

The report noted particular concerns as follows: 

•  During  the  course  of  the  evidence  the  court  heard  that  receipt  of  correct 
authorisations in respect of medicines is an issue faced by District Nurses in many 
areas of the country. Currently there is no “Time Critical Medicine” guidance for the 
community setting. 

In preparing this response, Departmental officials have made enquiries with NHS England 
as the organisation with responsibility in this area.  

NHS England has advised that all clinicians involved in processing medication should 
know how to access national and local prescribing guidance. The administration of 
medicines in a health care setting must be done in accordance with a prescription, Patient 
Specific Direction, Patient Group Direction or other relevant exemption specified in the 
Human Medicines Regulations 2012. Professional Guidance on the Administration of 
Medicines in Healthcare Settings (January 2019) covers the administration of medicines, 
verbal orders, transcribing and covert administration. This professional guidance has been 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 From 

Minister of State for Health  

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

co-produced by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and the Royal College of Nursing and 
provides principles-based guidance to ensure the safe administration.  

NHS England has advised that in reviewing the report, it appears that there were failings 
on both sides, (i.e. the GP practice and the district nurse service), with what appears to be 
a breakdown in communication and other human factors at play. Therefore, any response 
to address the issues will require a collective multidisciplinary approach across provider 
and community organisations. 

This case does highlight the importance of strengthening prescribing partnerships in every 
community setting between district nurses (who are not independent prescribers) GP 
practices and care homes. Each ICB with non-medical prescribing (NMP) lead should 
review their current and potential NMP workforce for their conurbation of district nursing 
services as a priority, which will mitigate against medication delay and any patient harm. 

NHS England further advises that insulin is a recognised time critical medication that 
district nursing services aim to prioritise and patients receiving straight forward insulin 
prescriptions are often given their insulin by healthcare support workers who have been 
delegated this responsibility by the registered nurse overseeing the patient’s care. (Time 
sensitive medicines - Care Quality Commission (cqc.org.uk). District nursing services do 
not cap patient referrals and it is assumed that in this case the patient will have been 
referred to the service and prioritised. 

Finally, NHS England is in the process of developing a Time Critical Medicines Safety 
Improvement Programme in partnership with Parkinson’s UK, Epilepsy Society, and other 
key stakeholders.  Over the three years, the programme is set to identify opportunities for 
improvement and make recommendations on how to prevent harm to patients. 

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention.   

Yours sincerely,

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