Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2013

Barry James Lewis

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2013-0314, written 26 Nov 2013. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report26 Nov 2013
Reference2013-0314
DeceasedBarry James Lewis
CoronerLisa Hashmi
Coroner areaManchester North
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedPennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. Chief Executive, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust

CORONER

lam Lisa Hashmi, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Manchester North

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroner's and Justice Act 2009 and
regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 29/07/2013 | commenced an investigation into the death of Barry James LEWIS, then aged 68
Years. The investigation was concluded at the end of the inquest on 26/11/2013. The conclusion of
the inquest was narrative — that ‘... Mr Lewis died as a result of the complications that ensued
following an anaphylactic reaction of unknown origin. Difficulty was encountered in medically
securing his airway. He went into respiratory then cardiac arrest. He died at 3:25 on the 24"
2013..

The medical cause of death being:

July

1a) Consistent with anaphylaxis
2) Ischaemic Heart Disease due to Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis; Adhesive Pericarditis.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH

Mr Lewis had been suffering from various types of physical health problems, including related weight
management issues (clinical obesity). In the early hours of the 24" July 2013, he called for his wife's
help as he was feeling unwell. He believed that he had had an allergic reaction and despite having
taken oral steroids (prescribed to the deceased for another medical condition) his symptoms
persisted. He had some time previously had an allergic reaction which had settled uneventfully.

oo. her husband to hospital whereupon a diagnosis of anaphylaxis was made.

Appropriate emergency medical management was initiated however, the doctors were concerned
about safe maintenance of Mr Lewis’ airway (his tongue and face were swollen and he was having
difficulty speaking). The medical team (initially consisting of ER Consultant and Anaesthesiologists)
decided that it would be in the patient’s best interests for his airway to be pro-actively medically
managed. Preparatory steps were therefore taken. Whilst poorly, Mr Lewis’ condition was deemed
to be relatively stable at this point.

It was the medical view that an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) doctor should be in attendance so that in
the event that conventional intubation proved unsuccessful, surgical management could be initiated
immediately. The overall viewpoint was that it would be an ENT doctor who had the necessary skills
and expertise to surgically manage the airway in such circumstances.

The 1* on call for ENT (a Senior House Officer - SHO) was based at the hospital caring for Mr Lewis,
however it was held that such a junior Dr would not/did not have had sufficient clinical experienced to
carry out surgical management.

The hospital at which the deceased was being cared for was the only hospital within the Trust

providing on cali/emergency cover/theatre availability for ENT services.

The only theatre at this hospital actively providing services out of hours was the ENT theatre. As
such, there was only one Operating Department Technician (ODT) providing night cover.

The 2™ on call ENT Dr (a middle/staff grade) was therefore called to attend Mr Lewis.

At the material time, the 2" on call was covering 3 hospitals, all in separate towns but within the
same acute Trust. When contacted, he drove from one hospital to the other.

Upon reaching the car park, the staff grade Dr received a call regarding a very ill patient at the
hospital that he had just left. Advice was sought with regard to that patient’s treatment and whether
the Dr could return forthwith. The Dr established that the patient in question had been stabilised
sufficiently and he therefore decided to make his way into the hospital in order to attend to Mr Lewis
first. He headed up to theatre as he had been told that this was where intubation was to take place.
En route, he met the SHO. They subsequently made their way to Accident and Emergency.

Just prior to their arrival, the deceased’s condition had rapidly deteriorated. He went into respiratory
and then cardiac arrest. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation/advanced life support (ALS) was carried
out. The anaesthetic team struggled to secure the patient’s airway by conventional intubation
methods (3 different ways were attempted). This was due to the patient’s weight problems (neck
size/structure) and the swelling caused by the anaphylactic reaction.

When ENT arrived, attempts were made to insert a surgical airway (tracheostomy/crycothyrotomy).
However the ENT Dr experienced difficulties, over and above the patient’s idiosyncrasies, in that:

i) the standard pre-packed airway surgical sets available within the ER contained only smaller sized
surgical instrumentation. Whilst there were routinely two packs of each of the four types of sets held,
they only contained one size of instrument, smaller in size. In Mr Lewis’ case, this meant that the
skin retractor was too small and ineffective.

ii) Similarly, the scalpel within the pack was a ‘disposable’. This presented difficulties in securing an
incision of sufficient depth/size.

iii) The ENT Dr felt that the content of the sets in the ER differed to those that he was used to.

iv) There was no additional, single, separately packed, larger instrumentation available in the ER
(e.g. larger skin retractors/reusable metal handled scalpels to which the correct size of blade could
be attached).

v) Whilst reusable scalpels were available in main theatres the only person with ready access and
practical knowledge of location and availability (out of hours) was the ODT. However, he was
proactively involved in the resuscitation process and therefore could not be dispatched.

Clinical staff felt unable to gain access to theatres, that there was no night manager on site/available
to call upon and that the only other option open to them might have been to call switchboard to see if
a porter was available to assist regarding theatre access.

The ENT Dr did eventually manage to secure a surgical airway by ‘feeling’ for the relevant
anatomical point once some form of incision had been achieved. The patient was ‘bagged’ and ALS
continued.

Following a downtime of 50 minutes the decision was taken to withdraw treatment and Mr Lewis died
at 03:25.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my
statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:-

1) The adequacy/availability of emergency airway surgical sets, containing instruments of different
sizes, within the ER department. The ‘one size fits all’ approach raises patient safety issues.

2) The consistency of instrumental content within the packs and familiarity with the same.

3) The adequacy and availability of additional, individually packed surgical instrumentation within the
ER, as ‘back-up’ to the standard sets (e.g. larger retractors, scalpels etc.) |

4) The accessibility of theatres in order fo obtain additional instrumentation when needed, out of
hours.

5) Night staffing levels — in particular, the adequacy/sufficiency of ODTs.

6) Staffing levels/adequacy/sufficiency of medical cover, with particular reference to ENT service
provision out of hours and geographic/spilt site commitments.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you (AND/OR your
organisation) have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by the
22/01/2014. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable
for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons:

a if the Deceased)

| am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from. He may
send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may
make representations to me the coroner at the time of your response, about the release or the
publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

26 November 2013. Signed __
=

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (PDF)
17 JAN 24 The Pennine Acute Hospitals [i'/e 4

NHS Trust
lf calling please ask for: Trust Headquarters
an North Manchester General
Hospital
i ine / Ext. Delaunays Road
Crumpsall
Manchester
Our ref: ARS/SB M8 5RB

Ms L Hashmi

Assistant Coroner
Greater Manchester North
H M Coroner’s House
The Phoenix Centre
Church Street

Heywood

OL10 1LR

Dear Ms Hashmi

| write in response to your regulation 28 letter dated 27/11/13 reference Barry Lewis (DOB
8/11/44, Date of Death 24/7/13).

1) The emergency airways packs have been up dated in all the A&E departments at
the trust to ensure that they have ‘large’ instruments for the overweight patients.

2) The equipment is unified across the trust & ENT clinicians have had input into these
arrangements to ensure they are familiar with the equipment & also that it is correct.

3) As before ‘large’ scalpels & retractors are available. It does however need to be
noted that A&E departments will never be in a position to stock the same range of
equipment as theatres in addition to the wide variety of other equipment they have
to for day to day use. As such arrangements will not remove the need on occasions
for more specialist equipment which cannot be stocked to be obtained from other
areas.

4

ma

The role of the night nurse practitioners has been reviewed to ensure that they
would be involved in the direct care & management of such critically ill patients to
ensure that others are released to do what they in turn are needed to do e.g.
ODP’s. ;

5) The availability of ODP’s for Fairfield is appropriate for the volume of surgical
activity it receives. As per 4) it is important that other members of the team work
flexibly to support them. This has been implemented. To increase ODP levels is
neither practical clinically or financially.

PLEASE NOTE THE TRUST HAS A SMOKE FREE ENVIRONMENT POLICY FOR STAFF, PATIENTS AND VISITORS. THIS
INCLUDES BUILDINGS, GROUNDS AND CAR PARKS.

6) Out of hours staffing, like that for ODP’s, is appropriate for the site & the trust. With
particular reference to ENT cover it would again neither be clinically or financially
practical fo have more than one person on call at middle grade level for the trust for
the level of activity in that specialty. Where there is a clinical need the consultant
would be contacted & asked to come in. As you are aware the trend in medicine is
for there to be fewer specialist sites which cover a wider catchment population.
Other specialties where this has happened would include cardiothoracic surgery,
vascular surgery, ophthalmology, urology & neurosurgery.

| feel that the measures taken should reduce future preventable deaths. Sadly the
greatest mortality & morbidity from severe illness lies with patients who are severely
overweight. Their deaths are often not preventable despite best efforts as they do badly
on critical care units. Some of the resource & staffing issues are beyond our control, but
what we can continue to do is ensure there is strong teamwork to deal with such difficult
situations that can arise, with the available staff we have.

Yours sincerely

Deputy medical director
Consultant in respiratory & acute medicine
Pennine Acute trust

PLEASE NOTE THE TRUST HAS A SMOKE FREE ENVIRONMENT POLICY FOR STAFF, PATIENTS AND VISITORS. THIS
INCLUDES BUILDINGS, GROUNDS AND CAR PARKS.

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