Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2013

Kenneth Smalley

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2013-0367, written 19 Dec 2013. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Dec 2013
Reference2013-0367
DeceasedKenneth Smalley
CoronerAlan Walsh
Coroner areaManchester (West)
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

. Chief Executive, Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh NHS Trust, Wigan Lane,
Wigan

2. Chief Executive, Eschmann SISK Group, Eschmann Equipment, Peter
Road, Lancing, West Sussex

3. Chief Executive, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency,

Adverse Incident Centre, 151 Buckingham Palace Road, Victoria, London

CORONER

I am Alan Peter Walsh, Area Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Manchester West

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations
2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On the 11™ April 2013 I commenced an investigation into the death of Kenneth
Smalley, 67 years. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on sf
December 2013.

The medical cause of death was 1a) Sepsis and Traumatic Laceration of Spleen,
1b) Explantation of Aortic Graft and Aortoduodenal Fistula Repair, 1c)
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, 2) Ischaemic Heart Disease.

The conclusion of the Inquest was Kenneth Smalley died as a consequence of a
combination of sepsis arising from an infected aortic graft and an aortoduodenal
fistula and a laceration of the spleen, being a recognised complication of

abdominal surgery on a background of naturally occurring disease.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

1) Kenneth Smalley died at the Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan on
the 28" March 2013.

2) The deceased was known to suffer from naturally occurring Ischaemic
Heart Disease prior to his death.

3) In 1997 the deceased had an Aortic Graft to repair an Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysm.

4) On the 2™ March 2012 the deceased had an Appendectomy to treat
Acute Gangrenous Appendicitis.

5) On the 26" March 2013 the deceased was admitted to the Royal Albert

Edward Infirmary, Wigan with back pain and right loin pain and a CT

scan identified a large Aortic Aneurysm and an Aortoduodenal Fistula
with clinical evidence of an infection relating to the Aortic Graft.

6) On the 27" March 2013 the deceased had surgery to explant the Aortic
Graft and repair the Aortoduodenal Fistula. The surgery was conducted
in ing Theatre 6 at the Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan by
Mr Consultant General and Vascular Surgeon and the surgery
was commenced at 0915hours. The surgery was completed at
1752hours and the deceased was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit
at the hospital at around 1800hours.

7) The surgery was conducted on an operating table with a handheld
control unit (handset) both manufactured by the Eschmann Group. The
handset is used for adjusting the operating table during the course of
surgery and the handset has a bracket to enable it to be hooked onto
the side of the operating table during surgery.

8) During the course of the surgery, at or about 12noon, the Surgeon
requested the adjustment of the operating table for the height to be
lifted to assist the next phase of the surgery. The Anaesthetic
Practitioner on duty for the surgery picked up the headset, which she
found on the floor of the Operating Theatre and she pressed the button
to lift the operating table but there was no movement of the table. She
released the button and asked other members of the Theatre team
whether they could operate the handset. Suddenly, without any buttons
being pressed on the handset, the operating table started to move,
tilting the table into a steep head down position, referred to as the
Trendelenburg position. The emergency stop button on the handset was
pressed but without effect and the table continued to move until it
stopped in the Trendelenburg position. The deceased was held in place
by members of the surgical team including the Surgeon and the
Anaesthetist to prevent him falling from the table and the deceased did
not fall from the table or move from his previous position on the table
during the malfunction of the table. Despite several attempts to
straighten the table it was not possible to do so and the deceased was
moved to a replacement operating table, which was brought from an
adjacent operating theatre, for the surgery to continue. When the
deceased was moved to the replacement table the surgery was
recommenced and there was no change in his vital observations as a
consequence of the malfunction of the operating table.

9) Following the malfunction of the operating table there was no evidence
of bleeding, particularly from the spleen, until approximately 4 hours
later when, during the latter part of the surgery, the Surgeon became
aware of some bleeding around the spleen. The Surgeon identified
multiple small lacerations on the surface of the spleen which the
Surgeon concluded was a result of traction and/or retraction during
surgery. In order to try and save the spleen the Surgeon packed the
area with Vicryl mesh and Surgesel in an attempt to control the bleeding.
Prior to concluding the surgical procedure, the Surgeon washed the
deceased’s abdomen with Saline and on review of the spleen noted that
the bleeding had stopped.

10) At 2030hours on the 27" March 2013 the deceased was examined by Mr
a the Surgical Consultant on call after he was found to by
tachycardic, hypotensive and acidotic with a drop in his Haemoglobin
level. A Laparotomy was carried out at 204Shours on the same da

i)
il)

iil)

iv)

v)

vi)

RONER‘
During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.
The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:

(1) During the inquest evidence was heard that

when 1.5 litres of blood and a clot was noted inside the abdominal cavity
with active bleeding from the spleen. The spleen was removed by a
Splenectomy, the bleeding was controlled and drains were inserted. The
deceased was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit but he continued to
deteriorate, in spite of maximum inotropic support and fluid
management, and he died.

The damage to the spleen was unlikely to have been due to the
malfunctioning of the operating table.

During the surgery the operating table moved uncontrollably
without operation of the handset until it stopped in the
Trendelenburg position.

The handset was last serviced by the Eschmann Group on the
14" December 2012 when no defects were identified but after
that date the handset had been opened at some point. The
handset is not a serviceable item and the handsets are replaced
as sealed units only and are not repairable. The opening of the
handset can compromise the seal that protects the circuit board
and the button contacts from fluid ingress. There was evidence
of tarnish on the handset Trendelenburg button electrical
contacts within the handset indicating possible moisture ingress
at this point.

The handset had been left on the floor of the Operating Theatre
and not in the correct position on the side of the operating table.
The bracket to attach the handset to the side of the operating
table was missing at the time of inspection after the incident.
The handset emergency stop button should stop the movement
of the operating table at all times but on this occasion the
emergency stop button did not cause the operating table to stop.
The Eschmann Group confirmed that the emergency stop button
is not isolated from the circuit board within the handset nor
within the handset itself to ensure that it operates separately
from other functions within the headset.

Over the last 5 years the Eschmann Group has recorded 6 other
incidents of unrequested powered table movement in relation to
operating tables with 4 incidents where no fault was found and
the issue could not be replicated. One incident was traced to
handset damage and one incident traced to possible fluid ingress
into a circuit board. In the case of the incident relating to the
deceased no explanation could be given for the malfunction of
the operating table other than possible fluid ingress but there
was no evidence of fluid on the floor of the Operating Theatre at

the time of surgery and the table had functioned without incident

in relation to surgical procedures on previous days.

vii) | The Royal Albert Edward Infirmary has similar operating tables
with similar handsets in the Hospital but no review has been
carried out by the Hospital in relation to those operating tables
and handsets, particularly as to whether the handsets have been
opened with damage to the seals.

viii) | Whilst pre-operation checks of equipment are conducted by
Surgical and Theatre teams at the Hospital prior to each surgical
procedure, the checks do not appear to cover the position of the
handsets or whether the handsets had previously been opened or
subjected to tamper. Training and Auditing are required in
relation to such matters.

ix) The incident was reported to the Medicines and Healthcare
Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) who conducted an
investigation but the conclusions of the investigation and any
guidance has not been shared with the Wrightington, Wigan &
Leigh NHS Foundation Trust. There appeared to be very little, if
any, contact between the MHRA, the Eschmann Group and the
Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh NHS Foundation Trust to enable the
sharing of information for lessons to be learned and actions to be
taken.

(2) I have concerns with regard to the Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh NHS
Foundation Trust in relation to
i) The function of operating tables and handsets particularly the review

of all operating tables and handsets used at the Hospital following
the incident on the 27" March 2013.

ii) Pre-operation checks of equipment particularly the function of
handsets attached to operating tables with particular attention to the
general condition of the handsets, the seals, and the position of the
handsets at the side of the operating table to avoid the handsets
being placed on the floor of the Operating Theatre to reduce the risk
of fluid ingress.

iii) The procedures relating to inspection of operating tables and
handsets used at the Hospital particularly to identify any damage to
the handsets to ensure the immediate replacements of any damaged
handsets.

iv) The training of staff in relation to pre-operative checks of equipment
in the operating theatres at the Hospital with emphasis on operating
tables and handsets including the correct positioning of the handsets
with effective auditing of such inspections.

(3) I have concerns with regard to the Eschmann Group in relation to a
review of the operation of handsets attached to operating tables in view
of the number of unexplained and uncontrolled movements of operating
tables with particular reference to the isolation of the emergency stop
button on the handsets to ensure that the emergency stop button
operates in all circumstances whether there is damage to other parts of
the handset.

(4) I have concerns with regard to the Medicines and Healthcare Products
Regulatory Agency in relation to contact with all interested Agencies
following an investigation to ensure the sharing of information with all

interested Agencies particularly to enable lessons to be learned and

corrective action to be taken as soon as possible.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion urgent action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I
believe you and/or your organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this
report, namely by 13" February 2014. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken,
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action
is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following
Interested Persons EN The son of Kenneth Smalley.
I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me,
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication
of your response by the Chief Coroner.

Signed (¥

Alan P Walsh

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS (PDF)
Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS

NHS Foundation Trust

Telephone: 01942 822196

Fax: 01942 822158 Royal Albert Edward Infirmary
Wigan Lane

Our Ref: AKF/JW/417063 igan
WN1 2NN

10 February 2014

Mr AP Walsh

HM Deputy Coroner
Greater Manchester (West)
Paderborn House

Civic Centre

Howell Croft North

Bolton, BL1 1JW

Dear Mr Walsh,

Kenneth Smailey (Deceased)

Thank you for your letter dated the 19" December 2013 in relation to the inquest of the
above named patient. | have noted the cause of death, the conclusions related to the
circumstances of the death and your matters of concern.

| understand that under Regulation 28 (Report to Prevent Future Deaths) you have
requested a response outlining details of action taken or proposed to be taken setting out
the timetable for action to address your concerns which relate to:

)) The function of the operating tables and handsets particularly the review of all
operating tables and handsets used at the Hospital following the incident on
the 27" March 2013.

I) Pre-operation checks of equipment, particularly the function of handsets
attached to operating tables with particular attention to the general condition
of the handsets, the seals, and the position of the handsets at the side of the
operating table to avoid the handsets being placed on the floor of the
Operating Theatre to reduce the risk of fluid ingress.

Mi) The procedures relating to inspection of operating tables and handsets used
at the Hospital particularly to identify any damage to the handsets to ensure
the immediate replacements of any damaged handsets.

IV) The training of staff in relation to pre-operative checks of equipment in the
operating theatres at the Hospital with the emphasis on operating tables and
handsets including the correct positioning of the handsets with effective

auditing of such inspections.

| wish to take the opportunity to respond to your request setting out clearly what action the
Trust has taken to date, and also what actions will be continuing going forward, to reduce the

risk of future deaths occurring.

= SS
sn

Chairman: Les Higgins Chief Executive: Andrew Foster C.B.E

)) The function of the operating tables and handsets particularly the review of
all operating tables and handsets used at the Hospital following the

incident on the 27" March 2013.

The Trust has four different types of powered operating theatre tables in use and a total of
twenty-four units. All theatre tables are maintained via external maintenance contracts.
Since this incident, the Trust has developed its own checklist for each type of table based on
the Manufacturers User Manuals. The Trusts own qualified Medical Engineering
Technicians have undertaken thorough checks of all operating tables against these
checklists to confirm their safety for use. The completed checklists will be attached to work
orders as evidence of the findings should remedial actions be required.

Following the investigation, the table involved in this serious incident has been taken out of
service and is no longer in use at the Trust. There are two other Eschmann RX series tables
in use (an RX500 and an RX600).These have been serviced in October 2013 and November
2013 respectively. A proposal to replace these tables has been taken to the Trusts Capital
Medical Equipment Group and a business case is being prepared to secure approval to

replace both tables.

i) Pre-operation checks of equipment, particularly the function of handsets
attached to operating tables with particular attention to the general
condition of the handsets, the seals, and the position of the handsets at the
side of the operating table to avoid the handsets being placed on the floor
of the Operating Theatre to reduce the risk of fluid ingress.

A Standard Operating Procedure for the preparation of Theatres prior to commencement of
their daily list was ratified and disseminated in December 2013. Checks on the theatre

tables must be performed as part of this SOP.

In addition we have developed a daily checklist for all critical equipment, in all theatres
across the trust, which must be signed by the person performing the checks and audited on
a monthly basis. The disciplinary procedure for non compliance is quite clear within the
‘Preparation of RAEI & Leigh Theatres SOP’. This policy is currently under review to include

Wrightington Theatres.

Mm) The procedures relating to inspection of operating tables and handsets
used at the Hospital particularly to identify any damage to the handsets to
ensure the immediate replacements of any damaged handsets.

As outlined above, all operating tables are covered by external maintenance contracts. The
two RX Eschmann tables have been serviced since the incident by the contracted provider,
Eschmann Group in addition to the Trusts own inspection outlined previously.

The checks required for the preparation of Theatres for their daily list should identify any
damage to theatre equipment.

Iv) The training of staff in relation to pre-operative checks of equipment in the
operating theatres at the Hospital with the emphasis on operating tables

and handsets including the correct positioning of the handsets with
effective auditing of such inspections.

We have reviewed our staff training and now have a more robust system and matrix for
training theatre staff maintaining records of training compliance. Building on the self
assessment packs developed within the Trust for medical devices we have expanded our
data base within theatres to cover all medical devices including medium and low risk items.
Staff are assessed on competence and knowledge of devices and further training given as
required. The medical device packs also include manufacturer's user instructions and

cleaning instructions.

We note in your letter your concerns about communications between the Medicines and
Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency and the Trust. We have contacted the MHRA to
request a discussion to strengthen communication and sharing of information in the future.
We are pleased to confirm that this has been arranged for Monday 10 February 2014.

| hope that you are satisfied with the measures that the Trust has put in place since the
issuing of your report and that | have provided you with sufficient assurance that procedures
will continue to be monitored closely. If you feel there are additional measures that the Trust

could be taking, | would very much welcome your comments.

Finally, | plan to share this letter with the family of Mr Smalley and | will be giving them the
opportunity to attend the Trust to discuss its content.

| am very grateful to you for bringing your concerns to my attention.
Yours sincerely,

CALLE

Andrew Foster
Chief Executive

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