Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Thomas Beaty

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0130, written 31 Mar 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report31 Mar 2015
Reference2015-0130
DeceasedThomas Beaty
CoronerLisa Hashmi
Coroner areaManchester North
CategoryChild Death (from 2015)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published2

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. Chief Executive, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
2. Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
3. Department of Health
I CORONER
I am Ms L J Hashmi, Area Coronerfor the Coroner area of Manchester North
2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS
I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroner’s and Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28
and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST
On the 2th4 March 2015, I commenced an investigation into the death ofinfant Thomas Beaty
4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH
On the 1th1 April 2014, the deceased’s mother went into spontaneous labour (39 weeks gestation).
There was delayed stage II and as a result, the medical team caring for mother and baby proceeded
to manually rotate the foetus (he was in malpresentation), to carry out a trial of instrumental
delivery (forceps) in theatre with an action plan set in the event thatthis intervention failed.
The instrumental delivery was abandoned, baby’s head manually disimpacted and an emergency
caesarean section carried out. At birth (00:31), the deceased’s APGARS were good and he
appeared healthy. A cord blood gas wastaken, the result ofwhich was marginally abnormal.
At 02:20, the deceased started to bleed and rapidly collapsed. He had suffered a catastrophic head
injury (a rare but recognised complication of necessary medical intervention) resulting in
hypovolaemic shock and hypoxic brain ischaemia. He developed bleeding complications
(disseminating intravascular coagulation), deteriorated rapidly and died 26 hours after birth.
5 CORONER’S CONCERNS
During the course ofthe inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion there is
a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to
report to you.
The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
1. Instrumental Delivery Guidance the Court heard how local/national protocols and
—
training programmes are routinely based on guidance issued by the Royal College of
Obstetricians and NICE. The guidance in use at the time of Thoma& birth was found to be
ambiguous, misleading and potentially open to misinterpretation.
A key example was:
‘When to abandon the procedure:
• No evidence of progressive descent with each pull
• No evidence of imminent birth following 3 pulls of a correctly placed instrument by
an experienced operator...’
The first point by implication must mean that where there is no descent with the first pull, then the
procedure oughtto be abandoned, yet the second point suggests abandonmentafter a 3rd traction.
2. Terminology The RCOG Guidance did not provide operational definitions for words such
-
as ‘imminent’ (vis a vis birth) or ‘crowning’. This was particularly important in Thomas’
case, as it had a bearing on the decision making processes applied during the course of the
forceps delivery.
3. Traction The term ‘gentle’ (traction) forming the ‘G’ of the algorithm within the Trust’s
-
protocol was misleading and not in line with the RCOG Guidance. The clinical evidence
suggested that in most (if not all) cases mild to moderate traction is routinely applied by
clinicians in order to ensure safe and successful instrumental delivery. Whilst it was
accepted that this was often subjective, the term ‘gentle’ was clinically out with.
4. Development of Trust Guidance it is difficult for Trusts to change their guidance until
—
and unless there is a change/material improvement in the Guidance issued by the RCOG.
6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe each of you respectively
have the power to take such action.
7 YOUR RESPONSE
You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely the 27’’ May
2015. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.
Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
8 COPIES and PUBLICATION
I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons namely:
Thomas’ parents (via their legal representative)
-
(via her legal representative)
-
I am also under a duty to send the ChiefCoroner a copy ofyour response.
The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from. He may send a
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me the coroner at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your
response by the ChiefCoroner.
Date: :2(Th Th
.

Responses

2 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health (PDF)
A
FronBen GummerMP
ParliamentaryUnder SecretaryofState forCare Quality
Department
RichmondHouse
of Hea th
79Wh’t h II
London
SW1A2NS
POC5 931741
f Tel:
Lisa Hashmi
Area Coroner
Greater Manchester North 22 JUL 2015
HM Coroner’s Court
-
The Phoenix Centre
Heywood
OL1O 1LR
Ltc ph
Thank you for your letter ofto the Secretary of State for Health about the death ofbaby
Thomas. I am responding as the Minister with responsibility for maternity policy at the
Department ofHealth.
I was so very sorry to hear ofbaby Thomas’ death. The death ofa child is always a terrible
tragedy and my heart goes out to Thomas’ parents. I would be grateful ifyou would pass my
condolences to them.
Your report detailed the terrible sequence ofevents which led to baby Thomas’ birth and
injury on 1th2 April 2015.
You had a number ofconcerns about the guidance issued by the Royal College of
Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), which the inquest found to be ambiguous,
misleading and potentially open to misinterpretation, giving the example that the RCOG
guidance did not provide operational definitions for words such as ‘imminent’ (vis a vis
birth) or ‘crowning’.
You also noted that it is difficult for Trusts to change their guidance until and unless there is
a change/material improvement in the guidance issued by the RCOG.
While local maternity and neonatal care providers must determine how best to deliver
services in their area, in doing so we would expect them to give due regard to RCOG and
other professional guidance. To this end, a copy ofyour report has been sent to the RCOG to
make them aware ofthe concerns you have raised and I understand that they have responded
to you directly.
I thank you foing this matter to our attention.
BEN GUMMER
a
I;
Response from Pennine Acute Hospitals (PDF)
the Pennine Acute Hospitals

ifcaling please ask for. | id North Manchester Genera! Hospital
Direct Line: | Delaunays Road
Crumpsait

Seoretay ; Manchester
M8 5RB

one ‘eh May 2044 emt PF

Strictly Private and Confidential

Ms L J Hashmi
Area Coroner Manchester North

Dear Ms Hashmi
Re: Inquest for Baby Thomas Beaty — 24" — 27" March 2015

| am responding to the concerns you raised in the Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths
issued on 31% March 2015, in relation to Baby Thomas Beaty. In tight of the findings from the
inquest and the investigation the Trust has taken the following actions described below.

instrumental Detivery Guidance

Since the sad death of Thomas Beaty, the Trust reviewed and revised the Guideline for Assisted
Vaginal Delivery in order to provide staff with greater clarity and guidance regarding the
requirement for Consultant presence for trial in theatre if the operator is less than ST6. Additional
guidance was also added with tegards to the flexion point, complications of instrumental deliveries,
and disimpaction of the head. This guideline was ratified in December 2014,

Immediately following the inquest a directive was issued to the obstetric medical team highlighting
the requirement for a Consultant Obstetrician to be present in theatre for all trials of instrumental
deliveries regardless of the level of experience of the Middle Grade operator. The guideline was
amended to reflect this requirement and an audit undertaken on beth inpatient sites in April to
provide assurance that this requirement was being met consistently.

Upon receipt of the concerns you raised in the Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths the
guideline has been reviewed and revised further in order to address the areas that were
considered ambiguous, misleading and potentially open to misinterpretation.

4. Instrumental Delivery Guidance
Guideline amended to state to abandon the procedure

* When there is no descent even after the 1st pull,

2. Terminology
An explanation of the terms imminent and crowning has been added to the guideline. It is
now stated in Section 6.2.6:
* If delivery is imminent as evidenced by crowning (when the widest part of the baby's
head (bi-parietal diameter) is at the perineum and does not slip back in between
contractions)

3. Traction
The guidance around traction was taken from the ASLO (Advanced Life Support in
Obstetrics) course manual and has been amended and the term ‘gentle’ removed. The 'G’
of the algorithm now reads:

G: Moderate traction, by pulling downwards, sweeping in a large are towards the operator,
almost compieting a 180 degree curve (Pajot’s manoeuvre).

4. Development of Trust Guidance
We have made interim changes to the Trust guideline whilst waiting for the RCOG to
respond to the recommendations. However we will review again once the RCOG
recommendations have been received.
The amended guideline has been circulated to the obstetric medical team for their comments. The
final document will be ratified in June 2015 and a copy will be sent to you following this. | am also
including the Guideline for Assisted Vaginal Delivery for your information.
| woutd wish to offer sincere condolences on behalf of myself and the maternity team to Thomas’
parents and family.
Kind regards.

Yours sincerely

Acting Medical Director

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