Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2015

Michael Quinn

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2015-0304, written 3 Aug 2015. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report3 Aug 2015
Reference2015-0304
DeceasedMichael Quinn
CoronerPeter Bedford
Coroner areaBerkshire
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedRoyal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

The Chief Executive, Royal Berkshire Hospital Trust with a request that it be 
shared with other private hospitals that utilise similar policies.  

1 

CORONER 

I am Peter James Bedford, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of Berkshire 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

I conducted an Inquest into the death of Mr Michael Quinn that was heard at Reading 
Town Hall between the 27th and 30th July 2015.  The conclusion of the Inquest was in 
the terms of a Narrative Conclusion attached to this report. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mr Quinn was a fifty-three year old gentleman who suffered from hypertension and type 
2 diabetes and underwent a lumbar decompression procedure at the Circle Hospital, 
Reading on the 14th February 2013.  He was discharged home on the 15th February but 
on the 20th February developed diarrhoea and vomiting symptoms.  He was seen by his 
GP on the 21st February but was admitted to Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey on the 21st 
February when he presented as critically ill.  Despite intensive treatment he passed 
away on the 4th April 2013.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the Inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1) Immediately prior to his surgery, Mr Quinn’s blood sugar level was measured at 
13mmol.  This was made known to the treating surgeon and anesthetist who considered 
it appropriate to proceed with the surgery.  It is recognised that raised blood glucose 
levels in diabetic patients increases the potential risk of infection. 
In the course of the evidence at the Inquest I heard that the hospitals guidance for 
acceptable levels of blood glucose levels in patients undergoing spinal surgery was no 
more than 15mmol.  I understand that national guidance recommends a target blood 
glucose level of 6 to 10mmol with an acceptable level of between 4 and 12 mmol.  I heard 
that other Hospitals Trusts do use a level of up to 15mmol but the root cause analysis 
report prepared on behalf of the Circle Hospital following Mr Quinn’s death, included a 
recommendation that the hospital theatre department audit intra-operative blood glucose 
levels in patients based on a level of below 11mmol.  I also heard in evidence that an 
American publication made reference to risk factors for infection with a pre-operative 

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 serum glucose level of greater than 6 to 9 and a post-operative level of 11.1mmol.  I also 
heard that one hospital trust used a figure of 20 as the highest acceptable level and 
Diabetes Scotland quoted a level of 14mmol.    

(2)  It is clear to me that there is a great deal of confusion about what is an appropriate 
level for patients such as Mr Quinn and the optimal blood glucose level that should be 
achieved in patients, diabetic or otherwise, prior to surgery.  While I did not find at the 
Inquest that Mr Quinn’s blood glucose level of 13mmol was a factor in the infection that 
led to his death, I am nevertheless concerned that the written policy in place at the time 
does not mirror that of the national guidelines and is also at odds with other published 
research articles. 

(3)  I am directing this report to you because I understand that the method adopted by 
Circle Hospital was based on the policy of your Trust which took the lead in these 
matters. 
In those circumstances, I would invite the Trust to review its policy to determine whether 
the current recommended levels are appropriate in light of other current guidelines and 
evidence based research. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion urgent action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe your 
organisation has the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by Friday 25th September 2015. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the family of Mr Quinn. 

You are also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

3rd August 2015       

Peter J. Bedford 
Senior Coroner for Berkshire 

2
Also filed under 2015-0304: 2015-0304-Royal-Berkshire-NHS-Trust.pdf
Royal Berkshire NHS)

NHS Foundation Trust

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL Executive Offices
Royal Berkshire Hospital

Mr Peter J Bedford Level 4, Main Entrance
London Road

HM Coroner for Berkshire ,
Yeomanry House Reading
Berkshire
DX: 40124 RG1 SAN
Reading Castle Street
Tel: 0118 322 7230
www. royalberkshire.nhs.uk

Your ref: PJB/Quinn

21 September 2015

Dear Mr Bedford
Re: Regulation 28 Response on the matter of Michael Quinn (MQ)

The Trust has investigated and acted upon your concerns as set out in your Coroner's
Regulation 28 Report to prevent future deaths dated 3 August 2015.

Our understandings of your concerns that require action by the Royal Berkshire NHS
Foundation Trust (“Trust”) are:

1. While MQ’s blood glucose of 13 mmol/l was not a factor in the infection that caused his
death, you are concerned that there is confusion over what is an appropriate pre-
operative blood glucose level

2. That the current Trust guideline is not in line with national guidelines and other published
research articles

3. That Circle adopted methods based on the guideline in the Trust
Response
The Trust response to the concerns expressed by you is as follows:

The current Trust practice includes detailed attention to monitoring and controlling blood
glucose levels before, during and after surgery. Part of the guideline (GLO59 (v5)) did have an
absolute level of 15 mmol/l for cancelling surgery.

The guideline has been revised (GLO59 v6, attached) by ES (Consultant
Anaesthetist and clinical lead for pre-operative clerking) and [EEE (Consultant
Diabetologist). The revision includes the Diabetes Association recommendation and is aligned
with current national guidance. In accordance with Trust governance processes this revised
guideline was reviewed and has been approved by the anaesthetic departmental clinical
governance committee on 18 September 2015. It has been uploaded to the Trust intranet and
will be separately circulated to relevant medical and ward staff.

Royal Berkshire INHS

NHS Foundation Trust

Of note, the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) have published
a draft guideline, which would discharge many patients back to GPs for improved diabetic
control. The national perioperative medicine conference (AAGBI, May 2015) confirmed that
there is no consensus on action on the day of surgery. Once the AAGBI guideline is
published in full the Trust will review the guidance again.

The Trust Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Medical Director (MD) have contacted their
counterparts in Circle. The Circle CEO and MD have confirmed that Circle have a clear
governance process for their own policies and documents and that they only make exception
in areas clearly requiring inter-organisational collaboration, such as pan regional guidance on
antibiotic prescribing. Circle CEO also confirms that while Circle recognises that clinicians
may be influenced by their practice in their primary employment, Circle ‘corporately’ does not
adopt other organisations’ policies.

In summary, the Trust believes that it has taken all appropriate steps to address all of your
concerns under R28.

Yours sincerely

Jean O'Callaghan
CEO

enc

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