Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2016

Nathan Charman

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2016-0267, written 21 Jul 2016. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report21 Jul 2016
Reference2016-0267
DeceasedNathan Charman
CoronerCrispin Oliver
Coroner areaCounty Durham and Darlington
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

1. | Head of Technical Services Management Team, Durham
County Council, County Hall, Durham, DH1 5UQ

CORONER

| am Crispin A Oliver, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of County Durham and
Darlington.

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS

[| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
(see attached sheet)

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 7* March 2016 | commenced an investigation into the death of Nathan Luke
Charman, bom 3” June 1994. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on
20.07.2016. The conclusion of the inquest was that Nathan died from a severe head
injury on 5“ March 2016 at approximately 01.25 hours at Long Lane, Todd Hills,
Binchester, County Durham when his car left the road, hit a tree with such force as to
disable the airbags and rolled. The road was icy and had not been gritted. It had been a
Road Traffic Collision.

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Nathan was travelling on a road with which he was familiar. He was travelling home after
work. He had a clean license. The incident was unwitnessed but from the evidence
certain facts were clear. He was not under the influence of drink or drugs. The car was in
good working order and he was wearing a seatbelt. There was nothing to suggest that
he was driving at a speed above the legal speed limit. His mobile phone was in a back
pocket and therefore he was not using it. The evidence of the Police Officer from the
Collision Investigation Unit of Cleveland and Durham Police Specialist Operations Unit
and of the Senior Officer overseeing the investigation was that the probable cause of
Nathan's car leaving the road was the road surface being slippery and icy. They
described its condition as “unsafe”. The officer of the Collision Investigation Unit said it
had been too dangerous to conduct a post incident skid test. Other Officers attending
the scene were reported to have stated how they had nearly lost control of their 4 x 4
Police vehicle at the same point in the road. The Officers giving evidence concurred that
a “microclimate” at the point where Nathan had left the road had produced extremely icy
and slippery conditions which were “freakish and extreme” which had resulted in the
incident in which Nathan had been killed. The road was untreated. The evidence of the
Highway Services Manager who had taken the decision at 12.00 on Friday 4" March,
based on the 11.42 hours weather forecast, with regard to winter maintenance action for
Friday evening and Saturday morning was that he was following the policy (which he
exhibited to his statement) and the weather forecast. He reviewed the decision at 18.00
on Friday 4" March, relying on a 17.40 hours forecast, but did not change it.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concem. In
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

1. The decision by the Highway Services Manager followed the policy and applied
the weather forecast. The unsafe road conditions where the incident occurred
were restricted to that immediate locality. However, neither the policy nor the
decision making process accommodated the possibility of extreme variations in
toad conditions or the existence of what the Police identified as “microclimatic”
conditions at particular points and “ extreme and freakish” conditions that led
directly to this death. :

2. The winter maintenance policy does not provide for variations in conditions
during the time between decisions being made concerning winter maintenance
action.

3. The evidence of the Highway Services Manager was that this incident has not

prompted a formal review of the decision making process or the policy in the

light of this incident, or any form of formal learning or information sharing in and
by Technical Services Management Team.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you and your
organisation have the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by Friday 16" September 2016. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

(| have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons,

lam also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your

response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.

_ [ ~
} | MATEID (ul, 2orb W

[SIGNED BY CORONER] C fj

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Durham County Council (PDF)
Contact
Direct Tel:
Your ref: CAO.LD.620.16
Our ref: JR/CB/0916

VAI 4g
Oy

Mr C A Oliver

HM Assistant Coroner for County Durham & Darlington
HM Coroners Office

PO Box 282

Bishop Auckland

County Durham
DL14 4FY

16 September 2016
Dear Mr Oliver

Mr Nathan Luke Charman, Deceased

Thank you for your letter and Regulation 28 report dated 22 July 2016. This was a tragic
accident and the Council wishes to express its sincere condolences to the family and
friends of Mr Charman.

In accordance with Regulation 28 we have considered whether any improvements can be
made to our procedures to prevent future accidents.

Legal Responsibility and Duty
Section 41(1A) of the Highways Act 1980 (c. 66) (duty of Highway Authority to maintain
highway) states:

“In particular, a Highway Authority is under a duty to ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, that safe passage along a highway is not endangered by snow or ice.”

The Highways Act does not specify the level of winter maintenance. However, the national
code of practice “Well-Maintained Highways - Code of Practice for Highway Maintenance
Management" (the “Code”) provides guidance in line with national best practice. The Code
can be found at the following link:

http://www.ukroadsliaisongroup.org/en/utilities/document-summary.cfm?docid=C7214A5B-
66E1-4994-AA7FBAC360DC5CC7

Given the scale of commitment and other resources involved in delivering winter
maintenance the Code recognises that it is not reasonable either to:

Neighbourhood Services
Durham County Council, County Hall, Durham DH1 5UF
Main Telephone (03000) 260 0000 Minicom (0191) 383 3802

www.durham.gov.uk ca BO14 Council of the Year

We receive specialist winter weather forecasts from our provider MeteoGroup throughout
the winter maintenance season. County Durham is a large area with different weather
patterns due to its diverse geography. Therefore, for the purposes of weather forecasting
County Durham is split into the following weather forecasting domains:

s Coastal;

a Central;

. Low Pennines; and
. High Pennines.

All our weather forecasting domains have been thermally mapped to help MeteoGroup
provide the most accurate weather forecasts possible. The thermal mapping identifies cold
spots so these can be taken account of in the weather forecast. We can confirm that the
location where this incident occurred is not a known cold spot.

It is generally accepted that weather forecasts can have different degrees of confidence
depending upon the stability of the weather conditions. Therefore, MeteoGroup places a
High or Low confidence rating on each weather forecast to reflect their confidence in the
forecast.

Weather forecasts are also colour coded as follows to reflect the risk of ice:

= Red: <0 degree Celsius
= Amber: 1 degree to 0 degree Celsius
» Green: >1 degree Celsius

Where the forecast is Red we send the gritters out.

We build a margin of safety into decision making to allow for changes in the updated
forecast from the original forecast. Where the original forecast is Amber we put gritter
drivers on standby in our depots. We then monitor the updated weather forecast and only
send the gritters out if the updated forecast changes to Red. By having the gritter drivers
on standby in our depots we save mobilisation time and can respond to changes in the
weather forecast quicker.

The weather forecast in this domain was Amber (0.9 degree Celsius) for 1 hour at 06:00
on Saturday 5 March. Our Duty Manager in consultation with the Decision Validators used
their professional judgement and decided not to put the gritters on standby for this route.
The rationale for this was that the forecast for the period had been confirmed as high in
confidence and the duration of the road surface temperature being Amber was limited to
one hour with temperatures rapidly increasing after 06:00 (sunrise).

The standby is only confirmed as an action for treatment if the updated weather forecast
changes to Red and it did not at any time. The updated forecast and the actual observed
road surface temperature stayed Green. Therefore, the decision not to put the drivers on
standby in this forecasting domain for 06.00 did not have any bearing on this incident
which occurred early in the moming at 01:25.

It is vitally important that Duty Managers and Decision Validators follow the Winter
Maintenance Operational Plan and therefore we have instructed them that they should not
in future use professional judgement to reduce the margin of safety from that stated in the
Winter Maintenance Operational Plan.

1.6 Winter Maintenance Duty Managers (WMDMs) will ensure that appropriate action is
taken and will at all times ensure that the safety of the highway network is the
paramount consideration. Should there be any doubt with regards to the decision
making process, the WMDM will always take a safety first approach and ensure the
appropriate resource is in place to respond to changing conditions as quickly as is
practicable”.

| hope that the above provides reassurance that the safety of highway users is the
paramount consideration in all decision making. If in doubt about any decision, our Duty
Managers are instructed and fully supported by senior management to deploy gritters.

In summary, we believe that we have robust procedures in place to allow for variations in
conditions following decisions in accordance with the Code.

Formal Review

The Council is committed to providing the best services possible within the available
resources and, as such, our teams are committed to continuous improvement and learning
lessons where appropriate.

incident Review

A review was undertaken following this incident by Highway Services
Manager, and discussed with myself. The decision making and actions were found to be in
accordance with the Winter Maintenance Policy and the Winter Maintenance Operational
Plan subject to the comments noted above.

As part of this review we examined the accuracy of the weather forecast with MeteoGroup
and they advised that gritting route 28 on which this incident occurred would be better
aligned with the Low Pennines weather forecasting domain rather than the Central
weather forecasting domain. This was implemented on Monday 7 March 2016.

Annual Review

At the end of every winter maintenance season we undertake an annual review to identify
what went well and areas for improvement. The Winter Maintenance Policy and Winter
Maintenance Operational Plan are then updated as appropriate.

The Winter Maintenance Operational Plan has been amended to align gritting route 28 to
the Low Pennines weather forecasting domain.

The Winter Maintenance Operational Plan has also been amended to confirm that Duty
Managers and Decision Validators must not use professional judgement to reduce the
margin of safety.

All the assumptions within the Winter Maintenance Operational Plan have been tested to
ensure that they remain valid.

| hope the above reassures you that Durham County Council is committed to providing a
comprehensive and safe winter maintenance service so far as is reasonably practicable in
accordance with the Code.

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