Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Christina Fletcher

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2017-0295, written 13 Oct 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report13 Oct 2017
Reference2017-0295
DeceasedChristina Fletcher
CoronerLisa Hashmi
Coroner areaManchester North
CategoryProduct related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

General.
Pharmaceutical.
Council.
Private & Confidential
Coroner’s Officer
H M Coroner’s Court
via email only Margaret.Turner@Rochdale.gov.uk
—
7 December 2017
Please quote: G-CM1705-051
Dear Margaret,
Re: Concern regarding delivery of incorrect medication by Hopwood Pharmacy, 50 Manchester
Road, HEYWOOD 0110 2AH
The General Pharmaceutical Council (“GPhC”) has now completed its inquiries into information you
provided concerning an Inquest into the death of a Christina Ann Fletcher.
Investigation into the concern
As part of the GPhC’s investigation, we contacted the local GPhC Inspector at the time of the incident
and the CDLO at Greater Manchester Police to obtain information about their visit to the pharmacy
shortly after the incident in August 2016. Neither had concerns about the pharmacy and were satisfied
that the error was human error and noted that the Superintendent (“SI”) had taken action, such as
amending the SOP relating to the Delivery of Controlled Drugs (“CD”).
We also obtained information from the SI in relation to the investigation he had undertaken into the
error and the changes he had made within the pharmacy to prevent a delivery error like this occurring
again in the future.
We have reviewed all of the available evidence and information and have concluded that the concern
should not progress to the Investigating Committee. There was not enough evidence to prove that
either the SI or the Responsible Pharmacist (“RP”) could be held accountable for the delivery error made
by the driver who failed to follow the Standard Operating Procedure (“SOP”) in place at the time. On
that basis, there was not enough evidence to establish that any specific pharmacy professional’s fitness
to practise was impaired. We were satisfied that the changes that the SI had made, such as updating the
SOP and enrolling their drivers on the Buttercup training course would assist in the prevention of a
similar error occurring in the future.
To reach this decision, we have also considered the GPhC’s Threshold Criteria. The GPhC uses its
25 Canada Square. London E145LQ
T020 3713 8000 F02037138145
www.pharmacyregulation.org
Threshold Criteria to decide whether the case should be closed or referred to the Investigating
Committee. The Threshold Criteria have been developed against the principles in the Standards for
conduct, ethics and performance which all pharmacy professionals must comply with. The Threshold
Criteria are published on our website at: http://www.pharmacyregulation.org/raising
concerns/registrants/what-happens-if-complaint-made-against-me/jnvestjgatjon-procedure.
The GPhC is committed to upholding professional standards and. although this matter will not progress
to a hearing, we have written to the SI to provide them with advice to remind him to ensure that all
staff, including delivery drivers, are regularly reviewing and refreshing their knowledge of the SOPs, and
that locum staff are aware of the pharmacy’s SOPs.
The GPhC takes all concerns against pharmacy professionals very seriously and I would like to assure you
that all reasonable lines of enquiry were pursued prior to our decision to close our investigation.
We should be grateful if you would share your experience of the Fitness to Practise process by
completing the feedback survey at the following link: http://surveys.pharmacyregulation.org/s/review
Thank you for your cooperation with my inquiries into this matter. My colleagues in the Standards and
Policy team will be responding the Regulation 28 notice in due course.
Yours sincerely
- -——::-—-
Case Officer
Professionals Regulation Team
GPhC
General
Pharmaceutical
Council
Ms Li Hashmi
HM Area Coronerforthe Coroner area of Manchester North
H M Coroners Court
Phoenix Centre
L/Cpl Stephen Shaw MC Way
Heywood
OL1O 1LR
By email: coroners.office@rochdale.gov.uk
11 December 2017
Dear Ms Hashmi
Re: Regulation 28 Notice response Christina Ann Fletcher, deceased.
-
Thankyou foryour letter regarding the tragiccircumstances surroundingthe death of Ms Christina Ann Fletcher.
As you are aware, we carried out an investigation and wrote to you with the outcome on 7 December 2017. This
letter deals specificallywith the Regulation 28 Notice.
We have a statutory purpose to protect patients by setting and upholding standards for individual pharmacists
and pharmacytechnicians and for registered pharmacies, and also maintaining a registerof pharmacists,
pharmacy technicians and pharmacies. The purpose ofour standards for registered pharmacies is to create and
maintain the right environment, both organisational and physical, forthe safe and effective practice of pharmacy.
The standards can be found at https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/standards/standards-registered
pharmacies.
The responsibility for meetingthe standards for registered pharmacies lies with the pharmacy owner and
superintendent pharmacist. The pharmacy owner and superintendent pharmacist must decide how to meet
these standards, taking into consideration the services they will be providing, the associated risks and the needs
ofthe patient. As well as meeting ourstandards the pharmacy owner must make sure they comply with all legal
requirements. Our standards require the pharmacy owner/superintendent pharmacist to considertheir
governance arrangements including assessing and managing any risks involved with the way they have chosen to
set up the services they offer and to provide services that are managed and delivered safely and effectively.
When a GPhC inspectorvisits the pharmacytheywill expect to see evidence to help them decide whether a
pharmacy is meeting these standards.
We publish a range ofguidance, which is focussed on helping pharmacy professionals, pharmacy owners and
superintendent pharmacists meet our regulatory standards. We have produced guidance for pharmacyowners
and superintendent pharmacists who provide services at a distance:
Pagelof2 20171211 ChristinaAnn Fletcher
https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/sites/default/files/guidance for registered pharmacies providing pha
rmacy services at a distance including on the internet april 2015.pdf
This guidance applies to the delivery of medicines. Whether a pharmacyservice is provided face to face in the
pharmacy or delivered to a patient’s home, it is importantthat the pharmacist is satisfied the medicine is
delivered safely. The guidance sets out some ofthe areas thatshould be considered before setting up this type of
service and specifically highlights the risk around medicines being lost or delivered to the wrong person and the
importance of stafftraining.
Whilst we produce guidance and advice of ourstandards, we do not produce detailed advice on the law.
However, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) (www.rpharms.com) is the professional bodyfor pharmacists in
Great Britain and has produced guidance on the delivery and posting (including abroad) of medicines to patients
and maintains practice guidance on the management of controlled drugs. Forfurther information about the chain
of custodyfor Controlled Drugs the Home Office, as the body responsible for controlled drug legislation, is best
placed to provide you with this information.
It is important that pharmacy learns from the tragic circumstances ofthe death of Ms Fletcher, and whilst we will
ofcourse not make reference to the specific circumstances of her death, we will raise awareness ofthis issue
through an article our online registrant bulletin, Regulate. We produce the bulletin every two months and notify
all our registrants and pre-registration pharmacytrainees (around 75,000 recipients in total) of a new edition via
email.
Thankyou again forwritingto me and raising this important matter.
Yours sincerely,
L
zJ
Duncan Rudkin
Chief Executive and Registrar
Email:
Also filed under 2017-0295: Christina-Fletcher-2017-0295.pdf
REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1)
REGULATION 28 REPORTTO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS
THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:
1. Chair of the General Pharmaceutical Council, 25 Canada Square, London E14 5LQ
I CORONER
I am Ms L J Hashmi, HM Area Coroner for the Coroner area of Manchester North.
2 CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS
I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroner’s and Justice Act 2009 and Regulations 28
and 29 ofthe Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
3 INVESTIGATION and INQUEST
On the 1th0 October 2017, I commenced an inquest into the death of Ms Christina Ann Fletcher.
4 CIRCUMSTANCES OF DEATH:
At the time of her death, the deceased was under treatment for a number of complex health issues. Her
diagnoses included Macular Dystrophy resulting in marked visual impairment and Somatisation Disorder.
Prescribed medicationwas delivered to her home address in Dosette boxes on a weekly basis by the community
pharmacist.
On the 4th August 2016 medication (Zomorph an opiate and controlled drug) was delivered to the deceased as
-
a result of human error. The intended recipient lived in close proximity to the deceased’s home address (within
doors, on the same side of the street) and had a very similar name to that of the deceased. The erroneous
medicationwas delivered alongside medication thatwas intended forthe deceased.
The Standard Operating Procedure (‘SOP’) in force at the material time relating to the delivery of controlled
drugs (‘CDs’) was not followed. A signature was not obtained at the point of delivery, the name and address of
the intended recipient was not verified and the duplicating delivery book was not checked for a delivery
signature upon its return to the pharmacy (rather, verbal confirmation of delivery was accepted). This resulted
in the drug errorgoing undetected until the 12th August.
Adequate training of the delivery driver was not evidenced however, more likely than not, he had seen
something akin to an SOP.
Steps were subsequently taken by the Pharmacy to try and trace the deceased (and retrieve the Zomorph). On
the thrust of the evidence, the deceased had last been seenlspoken to on the 10th August. On the afternoon of
the 12th August the Pharmacist contacted the deceased’s father who reassured him regarding the deceased’s
apparent lack of response. However there was sufficient ongoing cause for concern, given the nature of the
erroneous medication delivered 8 days earlier.
Initial enquiries proved fruitless and there was no response at the deceased’s home address. Police were
contacted at 19:53 on the 12th August regarding concern for the deceased’s welfare. In reliance upon the
information provided by the Pharmacist, the deceased’s family and prevailing circumstances, a decision was
taken not to force entry to the deceased’s house. That was a reasonable decision based on the information
availableto police atthe time.
Delays were placed on the police FWIN. An Officer attended the deceased’s home in the early hours ofthe 13th
August. There was no response and therefore a further 5 hour delay was entered. Later the same morning an
Officerwas allocated and the decision made to force entry whereupon the deceased was found dead in the living
room. The Zomorphwas found within the property. Nine 30mg tabletwere missing.
Forensic post mortem examination and toxicological analysis revealed the presence of pneumonia and a
markedly elevated level of free morphine, alongside a slightly elevated level of Pregabalin (relevant as to
cumulativeeffect).
Despite any potential post-mortem redistribution, on the balance of probabilities it was still possible to directly
attribute the level offree Morphine found to the directcause of death.
5 CORONER’S CONCERNS
During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion there is
a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to
report to you.
The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows:
1. There is no specific guidance, policy or protocol from the GPhC on the requirement for a ‘red
flag’ system within pharmacies in relation to patients with identical names, similar addresses, living
in close proximity etc. as demonstrated by the very tragic circumstances of this case.
Whilst the Pharmacy in question did have internal processes in place at the time, concern remains
that other Pharmacies throughout England and Wales might not, in the absence of specific
guidance from their Regulator.
2. Again, there is no specific guidance, policy or protocol from the Regulator (or indeed legal
definition) as to when, where and how the chain of custody (for Controlled Drugs) is completed. It
currently appears to be a matter of local practice with some Pharmacies make an entry into the CD
Register at the point the CD is handed to the delivery driver, with others making an entry once
delivery has been confirmed.
Both matters potentially give rise to a risk offuture deaths in the absence of guidance and/or policy from the
Regulator.
6 ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN
In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe each of you respectively
have the power to take such action.
7 YOUR RESPONSE
You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 16:30 on
the 1th1 December 2016. I, the Coroner, may extend the period.
Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.
8 COPIES and PUBLICATION
I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons namely:
The deceased’s son
-
The deceased’s sister
-
The delivery driver
-
The Pharmacy
-
Greater Manchester Police
-
The Locum Pharmacist
-
I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy ofyour response.
The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary from. He may send a
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me the coroner at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of your
response by the Chief Coroner.
\
Date: ()

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