Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2018

George French-Russell

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2018-0062, written 1 Mar 2018. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report1 Mar 2018
Reference2018-0062
DeceasedGeorge French-Russell
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Community health care and emergency services related deaths · Child Death (from 2015)
Organisation namedStockport NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published3

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT tS BEING SENT TO: Chief Executive of Stepping Hill Hospital, Chief
Executive of East Midlands Ambulance Service, Chief Investigating Officer of Healthcare
Safety Investigation Branch and the Secretary of State for Health
CORONER

| am Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of South Manchester

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 1* February 2017 | commenced an investigation into the death of George French
Russell. The investigation concluded on the8th February 2018 and the conclusion was
one of:

Narrative: Died from the recognised complications of a breech birth contributed to
by the absence of expert input during delivery

The medical cause of death was

la Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
b Preterm prolonged footling breech birth

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH
On 11th January 2017 as 35 weeks plus 1 pregnant with
George Edward French-Russell. At about 11:30am she rang triage at
Stepping Hill Hospital and was advised by an unqualified maternity assistant
to take paracetamol, rest and ring back in an hour if required. At about
12:30pm she rang the High Peak Community Midwife Team and the call
taker agreed a midwife would call her back. At about 1:00pm she spoke with
a midwife and described her symptoms. A face-to-face appointment was
arranged for 2:20pm that day. At 1:20pm, she rang 999 and spoke to East
Midlands Ambulance Service control (EOC). A crew was dispatched as a red
Lat 1:21:56pm. The target response time was 8 minutes. The call handler
remained on the line with who told her that her waters had

broken; she was 35 weeks pregnant and wanted to push. At 1:28:18pm, EOC

updated the crew that her waters had broken. No contact was made with

the midwifery team at Stepping Hill Hospital for advice. The position
remained that the crew were to assess. The crew asked if a midwife was on
the way. At 1:38:28pm, the ambulance arrived on scene.
wanted to push. At 2:42pm, EOC rang Stepping Hill Hospital triage. Triage
was not given all the information known by East Midlands Ambulance
Service. They asked if she wanted to push. It was confirmed she did. East
Midlands Ambulance Service was advised to transfer as an emergency to
Stepping Hill Hospital. The transfer time was 30 minutes plus and the crew
at 1:44pm did not believe there was time to transfer. At about 1:55pm the
crew rang Stepping Hill Hospital triage direct after being given the number
by EOC. Stepping Hill Hospital triage was told that George was a footling
breech. The paramedic had not dealt with a breech birth before. A doctor
spoke to the ambulance crew who wanted advice. The call between the
crew and the doctor terminated before George was born. No further expert
advice was sought by the crew to inform how they managed George's
delivery. The doctor did not do anything further.

George had not delivered when the second crew arrived at 2:06pm. The
second crew assisted with George's delivery. He was born at 2:15pmina
poor condition. Midwives arrived on the scene shortly after his birth. An
airway was established and he was transferred to an ambulance and then to
Stepping Hill Hospital. After assessment, he was transferred to Bolton
Hospital for neonatal care. His prognosis was poor due to the severe brain
damage at birth. On 23rd January 2017, he died at Royal Bolton Hospital
after he was extubated.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

1. During the inquest it became clear that during the telephone
conversation between EMAS and George’s mother her labour was
rapidly developing. There was no evidence of the call taker seeking
guidance on how to deal with a rapidly evolving situation other than to
update the ambulance crew who were on route.(EMAS)

2. The way in which information was exchanged between Stepping Hill
Hospital and EMAS meant that all those involved in making decisions
were not in possession of key facts. There was no structure to how
information was shared and it was passed 3 hand.

3. During labour EMAS were present. The paramedics did not have the
experience to deal with a footling breech delivery. Expert input was
given for a brief period by a registrar but when that conversation

tw

terminated there was no further support given or sought.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have
the power to take such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report,
namely by 26" April 2018. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

(have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested
Persons namely ii” father of the deceased who may find it useful or of
interest.

1am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it
useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of
your response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief
Coroner.

Alison Mutch OBE
HM Senior Coroner

/ /:
WSS

Responses

3 responses published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health (PDF)
RG

From Jackie Doyle Price MP’
Department Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Mental Health and inequalities
of Health
39 Victoria St
London
SW1H OEU
020 7210 4850
Ms Alison Mutch OBE
HM Senior Coroner Manchester South
Coroner’s Court
1 Mount Tabor Street
Stockport
SK1 3AG
Our reference: PFD 1122493
25 April 2018

Veo ha, Martek,

Thank you for your letter of 1 March to the Secretary of State for Health and
Social Care about the death of George Edward French-Russell. I am responding
as Minister with responsibility for maternity care.

Your report raises several areas of concern which are operational and for the
NHS Trusts involved to address.

Learning lessons where things have gone wrong is essential to ensuring the
NHS provides safe, high quality care.

My officials have made enquiries and I am assured the East Midlands
Ambulance Service NHS Trust and the Stockport NHS Foundation Trust are
taking steps to make improvements in response to this tragic death. I
understand the Trusts are responding to you with details of the action taken and
I will not repeat that information here. However, I am encouraged that both
organisations are working together to share learning from this incident.

You may wish to be aware that the National Institute for Health and Clinical

Excellence (NICE) published a guideline on Preterm labour and birth! in
November 2015. The guideline covers the care of women at increased risk of,

u https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng25

or with, symptoms and signs of preterm labour (before 37 weeks) and women
having a planned preterm birth.

This guidance recommends that women presenting with symptoms of preterm
labour should be offered a clinical assessment (NG25, 1.7.2 Diagnosing
preterm labour for women with intact membranes), which regrettably, does not
appear to have been offered in this case.

You may be interested to know that NICE is currently developing a guideline
on Intrapartum care for high risk women, which is expected to be published in
March 2019. The guideline will be considering the optimal mode of birth
(emergency caesarean section or continuation of labour) for women with
breeching presenting in the first or second stage of labour.

The death of a baby is a devastating tragedy and we must do all we can to make
the NHS the safest place in the world to give birth.

In November 2017, we launched Safer Maternity Care: progress and next
steps’, which set out progress against the delivery of the national maternity
ambition to halve the rates of stillbirths, neonatal and maternal deaths and brain
injuries that occur during or soon after birth by 2025. To make sure progress is
made quickly, we also set out an expectation of a 20 percent reduction by 2020.

Safer Maternity Care sets out a number of steps to make sure we are doing all
we can to prevent serious incidents in maternity services. This includes
developing the role of the Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch’ (HSIB) to
standardise investigations of cases of severe brain injury, intrapartum stillbirths,
early neonatal deaths and maternal deaths in England so that the NHS learns as
quickly as possible from what went wrong and shares this learning as widely as
possible to prevent future tragedies.

As well as providing comprehensive final reports for each case it investigates,
the HSIB will publish themed reports drawing together overarching themes and
points of learning from multiple investigations and making appropriate
recommendations for system bodies to act on these findings.

2www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/662969/Safer_mater
nity care _-_progress_and_next_steps.pdf

2 https://www.hsib.org.uk/

Department
of Health

The new investigative approach will begin in a single region from April 2018
and will continue to roll out to all areas of England by April 2019. When fully
rolled out, the HSIB will investigate around 1,000 cases a year with the
expectation that the learning from investigations will spur system improvements
leading to fewer deaths and injuries in the future.

I am aware that the HSIB has responded to you to advise that, as this incident
occurred before its establishment on | April 2017, it does not meet the criteria
for investigation. Nevertheless, the information provided will assist the HSIB
develop a wider picture of safety issues in the NHS and help inform future
investigations.

I hope this offers assurance that we are committed to learning from deaths and
taking action to prevent future tragedies in maternity care.

Thank you for bringing the circumstances of George’s death to our attention.

JACKIE DOYLE-PRICE
Response from East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust (PDF)
East Midlands

Ambulance Service
NHS Trust

Trust Headquarters
1 Horizon Place
Mellors Way
Nottingham Business Park
Nottingham

NG8 6PY

Telephone: 0115 884 5000
Fax: 0115 884 5001
Website: www.emas.nhs.uk

CONFIDENTIAL
Our Ref RH/PFD
26 March 2018

Mrs A Mutch OBE
HM Senior Coroner
Coroner’s Court

1 Mount Tobor Street
Stockport

SK1 3AG

Dear Mrs Mutch
Re: Report to Prevent Future Deaths: Master George Edward FRENCH-RUSSELL (deceased)

Thank you for your Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths, dated 1*' March 2018 (received
on 2" March 2018), bringing to my attention HM Coroner’s concerns arising from the Inquest into
the death of Master George Edward FRENCH-RUSSELL.

| would like to assure you that within the East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) all matters
related to patient safety are taken extremely seriously. In particular, matters arising from Coroners’
Inquests from which lessons can be learnt, including Prevention of Future Death Reports, are
discussed within the Incident Review Group and Lessons Learned Group.

This process has been applied to the Prevention of Future Deaths notice pertaining to the Inquest
into the death of Master George Edward FRENCH-RUSSELL.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN specific to EMAS are as follows:

. During the inquest it became clear that during the telephone conversation between EMAS
and George’s mother her labour was rapidly developing. There was no evidence of the call
taker seeking guidance on how to deal with a rapidly evolving situation other than to update
the ambulance crew who were on en route (EMAS)

. The way in which information was exchanged between Stepping Hill Hospital and EMAS
meant that all those involved in making decisions were not in possession of key facts. There
was no structure to how information was shared and it was passed 3" hand

East Midlands

Ambulance Service
NHS Trust

3. During labour EMAS were present. The paramedics did not have the experience to deal with
a footling breech. Expert input given for a brief period by a registrar but when the that
conversation was terminated there was no further support given or sought

| set out below the actions that EMAS proposes to take and our response to HM Coroner's concerns
as detailed in the PFD notice.

Point One:

The EMAS emergency operations centre (EOC) has in place a structured triage and escalation
system to ensure that patient safety is embedded across the call handling and dispatch systems.
Our advanced priority medical dispatch system (AMPDS) is designed to enable an objective clinical
prioritisation of all callers; within this system is the ability to amend clinical details in the event of a
change in condition. This is included within the system design, training programmes and audit
processes. The result of any new information could create an amended prioritisation (escalation of
priority only).

In the event of a clinical need for telephone guidance such as first aid or aiding the delivery of a
child, AMPDS has step by step guidance for telephone support that is appropriate for the clinical
scenario. This advice is routinely provided across a range of conditions and is audited on a regular
basis to ensure compliance.

In the event of a deterioration or clinical concern identified by the non-clinical emergency medical
dispatcher (EMD) the EMAS dispatch protocols have in place two systems of support and safety
netting. A “help card” system enables a team leader to support a call process and escalate to a
clinically trained member of the team.

If it is identified that the priority allocated by the system is incorrect, for example, in cases such as a
potential sepsis or antepartum haemorrhage there is a process of escalation via the EMD team
leader to a clinician based within the EOC. This is recorded in the electronic records and a paper
slip is produced as a part of this handover process in each case.

Our Dispatch Officers are then enabled to update our clinicians en route to patients, of any
significant changes. The application of any update is time related and is contained within a dynamic
risk assessment framework to ensure that the passing of information is only performed when it is
required and does not cause delay the ambulance crews.

To ensure a more timely and objective Trust approach to community obstetric support EMAS has
developed a standardised minimum criteria for requesting support from a remote service and from
an on scene clinician. This is expected to be implemented in May 2018 subjected to governance
processes. As an interim measure, guidance has been issued by clinical bulletin and to all relevant
EOC staff.

Point Two:

EMAS recognises the importance of good communication and information sharing in relation to the
delivery of high quality care and patient safety. As such EMAS will now implement a communication
framework to ensure the provision of good quality clinical handovers, the SBAR model. The SBAR
model (standing for: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a structured
communication tool that is considered a best practice element in healthcare settings and has been

East Midlands

Ambulance Service
NHS Trust

in use within EMAS for a number of years as a generic method for communication. To enhance this,
EMAS have enhanced the tool to include maternity specific guidance. This structured approach will
provide an outline for standardising the quality of clinical communications in a maternity specific
scenario.

With regards to the specific concerns identified by HM Coroner's inquest we are also working with
our obstetric service partners to extend the SBAR to create a maternity specific model. This
approach has been formally shared with our network partners through the East Midlands Maternity

Clinical Advisory Group following a debate in early March 2018, in draft format for agreement as a
standardised regional handover tool. This is planned for implementation across the EMAS footprint
in May 2018 subject to governance approval.

In order to address the issue for units outside of the East Midlands region, we have arranged to
meet with the various providers to explore working partnerships and inform them of our revised
handover and communication processes.

Point three:

As a part of the engagement with our maternity receiving units, EMAS is working to promote the use
of recorded facilities to complement EMAS'’ recording ability. Each receiving unit has been
requested to ensure that the relevant clinical advice line is recorded to enable analysis of call data to
facilitate any necessary learning.

Additionally EMAS is exploring the expansion of our recording ability to include remote clinician
carried devices. This has been incorporated into a wider IT infrastructure plan as it has significant
financial and technical implications.

In order to ensure that our clinicians are supported in making safe and effective clinical decisions we
have provided all clinical staff with clinical guideline books and have commissioned an electronic
app version to launch in April 2018. Further support is enabled remotely through our Clinical
Assessment Team, which includes Nurses, Paramedics and Midwives.

With specific regard to the call contact being prematurely ceased, all clinical staff have been
reminded of the importance of escalating advice call failings to ensure appropriate advice and
support is obtained .

EMAS acknowledges its responsibility to enact a duty of care to all patients.

Please do not hesitate to contact me should you require any additional information, or any
clarification, in connection with the above.

Yours sincerely

Richard Henderson
Chief Executive
Response from Hsib (PDF)
Friday, March 16, 2018 

Alison Mutch OBE 
HM Coroner’s Office, Manchester South 
The Coroner’s Court, 
1 Mount Tabor, Stockport,  
SK1 3AG 

Dear Ms. Mutch,  

Thank you for contacting the HSIB regarding the case of the death of George Edward French-Russell.  

As  you  may  be  aware,  the  HSIB  was  set  up  to  investigate  systemic  safety  issues  that  cut  across 
organisational boundaries.  We conduct  up  to  30 investigations  a year and  focus  on  those  with  the 
most potential for new learning that have taken place after we became operational on 1st April, 2017. 
This case occurred before 1st April 2017 and therefore does not meet our criteria for investigation. 

The  concerns  raised  highlight  a  demonstrable  need  for  improvement  in  this  area,  and  the 
information provided will help the HSIB build a wider picture of safety issues in the NHS.  This in turn 
will enable us to more accurately determine which investigations  should be prioritised in the years 
ahead. 

Thank  you  again  for  contacting  us  and  we  are  sorry  that  we  are  not  able  to  take  this  forward. 
However, if it is of interest, I would be very happy to meet with you and further explain how the HSIB 
may assist with future Coronial investigations 

Yours sincerely,  

Keith Conradi 
Chief Investigator, HSIB

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