Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Elizabeth Curtis

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0018, written 11 Jan 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report11 Jan 2019
Reference2019-0018
DeceasedElizabeth Curtis
CoronerMaria Voisin
Coroner areaAvon
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

M. E. Voisin
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
Area of Avon

11th January 2019 REF: 10404

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

NHS Improvements
Wellington House
133-155 Waterloo Road
London

SE1 8UG

CORONER

lam M E Voisin Senior Coroner for Area of Avon

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations
28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 19/04/2018 | commenced an investigation into the death of Elizabeth Rose CURTIS. The investigation
concluded at the end of the inquest 24th October 2018.

The conclusion of the inquest was Elizabeth Curtis was admitted into the Royal United Hospital, Bath on
17th March 2018 with a urinary tract infection and delirium; she was treated and prescribed antibiotics
to treat the infection and Haloperidol to treat the delirium. She should have been prescribed 0.25mg but
in fact was prescribed 2.5mg. of Haloperidol. The drug error was noted and the drug was stopped. Mrs.
Curtis had a number of comorbidities including the fact she was 90, that she was frail, had chronic kidney
disease, Crohn's disease and had a swallow problem. Mrs. Curtis developed aspiration pneumonia on
26th March and died on 31st March 2018 at Royal United Hospital Bath

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Mrs Curtis died from aspiration pneumonia contributed to by a number of factors including: her age and
frailty; her pre-existing underlying medical conditions; a problem with her swallow, an infection and
delirium which required treatment with haloperidol. The drug haloperidol may also have had a minimal
impact on her developing pneumonia.

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam @bristol.gcsx.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory
duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

A patient’s mobility became an issue at the inquest and how this can help with assessing a patient’s
wellness.

| was advised vy at the Royal United Hospital, Bath, who gave evidence at this inquest that she
was introducing to the hospital a mobility scale due to the impact that mobility or indeed frailty has on
assessing well-being of patients when in hospital. ,

a. indicated that this is a simple scale noting a patient’s best mobility in the previous 24hrs. and
is recorded alongside the NEWS score. Often mobility is the first symptom demonstrating a decline in
health. | am told that the Royal United Hospital have adopted this scale.

For further details in relation to this | would suggest that you contact Consultant
Geriatrician, at Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust her email is}

| have also suggested that she write to you to outline her “mobility scale”, hence | have copied her into
this report.

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken. to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the power to take
such action. ,

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by a
March 2019. |, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION
| have sent a copy of my report to the chief coroner and to the following interested persons —

The family of the deceased
Royal United Hospital, Bath
‘Avon & Wiltshire Mental Health NHS Partnership Trust

1am also under a duty to send the chief coroner a copy of your response.

The chief coroner may publish either of both in a complete or redacted or summary form, He may send a
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of
your response by the chief coroner.

11/01/2019

Signature

ME Voisin Senior Coroner Area of Avon

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam @bristol.gcsx.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from NHS Improvement (PDF)
8 March 2019 

M E Voisin 
Senior Coroner for Area of Avon 

Dear Ms Voisin 

Re Elizabeth Rose Curtis  

NHS Improvement 
Wellington House 
133 – 135 Waterloo Road 
London SE1 8UG 

T: 020 3747 0000 
E: nhsi.enquiries@nhs.net 
W: improvement.nhs.uk 

Thank you for the Regulation 28 letter dated 11 January 2019 and sent to us via email with a 
cover letter dated 14 January 2019. I am replying on behalf of NHS Improvement. I am 
grateful to you for sharing your findings from the inquest with us and highlighting that action 
could prevent future deaths.  In preparing this reply I have sought advice from the Royal 
College of Physicians and colleagues at NHS England to ensure we have identified all 
possible opportunities to do so.  

, who has kindly shared 
 also spent time talking to 

We are grateful to you for putting us in touch with 
documents related to the mobility score she has developed. 
my teams about the mobility score and how they plan to use it within Royal United Hospital 
Bath NHS Foundation Trust. We have shared with 
to consider whilst locally testing the mobility score, including considering a format that does 
not use numbers and plus signs to reduce the risk of it being unintentionally added to the 
National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) and ensuring presentation helps ensure most recent 
mobility is not confused with required safe mobility. 
Improvement Patient Safety Collaborative for their support in assessing the impact of the 
initiative in her trust and for their support in potential future spread to other hospitals.  

 some issues it would be important 

 will link to her local NHS 

The Royal College of Physicians, who lead on the National Early Warning Score (NEWS2) are 
very supportive of the need to assess, monitor and act on a range of other signs and 
symptoms and test results that indicate a patient is either not improving as fast as expected or 
is getting unexpectedly less well. They believe this is best done by comprehensive 
assessment and review tailored to patient specialities alongside NEWS2, rather adding a 
mobility score as an additional field on NEWS2 charts nationally; but we will keep them 
updated on any significant findings from the work at Royal United Hospital Bath NHS 
Foundation Trust. 

Whilst we are not yet in position to use the local mobility score nationally, we are taking 
forward action to prevent future deaths related to the prescribing error that affected Mrs Curtis. 
Safe prescribing of haloperidol in acute hospital care can be challenging, as the doses that 
are appropriate for an older person with a lifelong history of a psychotic disorder differ from 
those appropriate to someone with delirium, and the dose that may be appropriate for using 
once to manage an emergency is different from a continued dose given regularly over days.  
This means that the standard limits within electronic Prescribing and Medication 

NHS Improvement is the operational name for the organisation that brings together Monitor, NHS Trust Development Authority, 
Patient Safety, the National Reporting and Learning System, the Advancing Change team and the Intensive Support Teams. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Administration (ePMA) systems* currently do not effectively block prescriptions that would be 
unsafe for a frail older person. However, the increasing sophistication of these systems means 
there is potential to do more to design out combinations of dose and duration that are outside 
prescribing guidelines for older people. We have asked our colleagues at NHS England and 
NHS Digital to work with the manufacturers of these systems and the trusts configuring them  
to consider building in prescribing limits that use a combination of dose and duration rather 
than dose in isolation, require an active decision to re-prescribe after 48 hours, and potentially 
restrict prescription of any repeat doses in older patients without authorisation from a senior or 
specialist member of staff.  All hospitals within the NHS are moving towards the use of ePMA 
systems so this is likely to be the most effective route to ensure safer prescribing in the rare 
circumstances where haloperidol is needed to reduce distress from delirium.    

Some of our wider initiatives will also help improve the safety of older patients with similar 
needs to Mrs Curtis. Our Patient Safety Collaboratives support the development and sharing 
of best practice in identifying deteriorating patients, and they will support further improvement 
activities related to medication safety for older people in the coming year. Initiatives to 
encourage non-medical prescribing mean that specialist nurses, after appropriate training, can 
directly prescribe the medication they recommend, avoiding the risk of communication error 
when a doctor is asked to prescribe the recommended dose. Our quality improvement 
incentives for reducing risk of falls in hospital include avoiding prescription of medication like 
haloperidol in older patients unless strictly necessary. The NHS Long Term Plan describes 
how we will improve the care we provide to people with dementia and delirium and frailty, 
whether they are in hospital or at home.  

We appreciate that at the inquest you were made aware of additional local safety actions 
taken forward by Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Foundation Trust. Those including changes 
to prescribing systems, providing additional information for junior and locum doctors on the 
appropriate use of haloperidol, and review of consultant rotas and medical staffing levels. The 
regional team at NHS Improvement will continue to support the trust as it carries through 
these local actions.   

I hope you will be able to share my reply with Mrs Curtis’ family. I am very sorry indeed that 
these errors occurred when she became acutely ill and needed hospital admission, and I 
appreciate this must have been particularly distressing to her family when they had provided 
excellent support to enable her to live at home for so long. I hope it will give them some small 
comfort that we are taking steps to prevent future deaths, and I thank you for giving us the 
opportunity to do so.  

Yours sincerely 

Executive Medical Director and Chief Operating Officer  

NHS Improvement 

* Electronic Prescribing and Medication Administration (EPMA) refers to computer systems that guide 
safe and effective medication prescription and administration. 

NHS Improvement is the operational name for the organisation that brings together Monitor, NHS Trust Development Authority, 
Patient Safety, the National Reporting and Learning System, the Advancing Change team and the Intensive Support Teams.

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