Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Alexander Green

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0117, written 1 Apr 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report1 Apr 2019
Reference2019-0117
DeceasedAlexander Green
CoronerMaria Voisin
Coroner areaAvon
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedRoyal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text recovered by OCR from a scanned PDF. OCR is imperfect: check anything you rely on against the source PDF. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

M. E. Voisin
Her Majesty’s Senior Coroner
Area of Avon

1st April 2019 REF: 8036

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:

James Scott

Chief Executive

Royal United Hospital
Bath

CORONER

lam M E Voisin Senior Coroner for Area of Avon

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS

| make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations

28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013.
tp://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7

http://www. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST

On 25/10/2017 | commenced an investigation into the death of Alexander Frederick Richard GREEN. The
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest 29th March 2019.

The conclusion of the inquest was Accident contributed to by neglect

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH

Alexander Green died on 3rd October 2017 at Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol. On 30th
September 2017 he was out for a night socialising with friends and was seen to fall. Around 1 hour later
at 03.59hrs an ambulance was called when Alex was found lying in the road by passers-by. He was taken
Royal United Hospital, Bath and was handed over as intoxicated; his Glasgow Coma Score was 13/15 but
he was not seen until 07.20hrs by a doctor who did not diagnose his head injury. Instead Alex was
handed over as intoxicated. Alex was not reviewed again that morning by a doctor. At 14.05hrs he
suffered a respiratory collapse; a significant head injury was diagnosed which included a fractured skull
and haematoma. He was transferred to Southmead Hospital where he underwent treatment; but due to
the delay in diagnosis and transfer the treatment provided was futile. He died due to the injuries he
suffered in a fall.

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam @bristol.gcsx.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

CORONER’S CONCERNS

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In my opinion
there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory
duty to report to you.

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows. —

1. The handover at around 8am resulted ina failure to challenge and communicate effectively.
Handovers need to be considered across the whole of the trust not just the emergency
department to ensure they are appropriate and effective.

The reason | include this as a trust wide matter of concern is that | have recently dealt with
another case where there were failures in the handover on another ward at the Royal United
Hospital.

| have been advised that other hospitals use the SBAR tool at handovers to assist in
communication.

2. The NICE guideline for head injury was not considered appropriate for use in this case when it is
clearly designed for exactly this case — you ascribe depressed conscious level to intoxication only
after-a significant brain injury has been excluded.

3. There was an assumption by everyone managing Alex that he was intoxicated when in fact he
had a significant head injury; SWAST | am told have developed training in relation to bias (and
intoxication is included in that).

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam @bristol.gcsx.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and | believe you have the power to take
such action.

YOUR RESPONSE

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, namely by 28"
May 2019. I, the coroner, may extend the period.

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for
action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed.

COPIES and PUBLICATION

| have sent a copy of my report to the chief coroner and to the following interested persons — the family
of the deceased and South Western Ambulance Service.

| am also under a duty to send the chief coroner a copy of your response.

The chief coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. He may send a
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication of
your response by the chief coroner.

01/04/2019

£6
Signature a

ME VoisinSenior Coroner Area of Avon

Telephone 01275 461920
Email AvonCoronersTeam@bristol.gcsx.gov.uk Website www.avon-coroner.com
The Coroner's Court, Old Weston Road, Flax Bourton, BS48 1UL

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Trust (PDF)
28th May 2019 

HM Senior Coroner for Avon 
Coroner’s Court 
Old Weston Road 
Flax Bourton  
BS48 1UL 

Dear Madam 

Directors Office 
Royal United Hospital 
Combe Park 
Bath 
BA1 3NG 

Tel: 

www.ruh.nhs.uk  

Mr Alexander Frederick Richard Green - Response to Regulation 28 Report 

… 

Please see the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust’s response to the 
Regulation 28 Report issued on 1st April 2019. 

1)  Handovers need to be considered across the whole of the Trust to ensure 
they are appropriate and effective. Consider the use of the SBAR tool. 

The Medical Director has commissioned a working group with the Trust Medical 
Safety Lead to improve handovers through standardisation, education and training. 
This group reports into the Deteriorating Patient Steering Group, chaired by the 
Medical Director, with a focus on reducing avoidable harm. This is a Trust 
breakthrough Objective for 2019/20.  

There has been a review of improvements already made in general medicine 
handovers to see how good practice can be built upon and spread throughout the 
hospital. A draft standard operating procedure that forms the core of all handovers 
has been approved. Paediatrics have made significant changes to standardise 
handovers and are piloting further improvements including use of a validated 
extended SBAR tool called ISOBAR. It is agreed that SBAR will be the core element 
for all patient level handovers across the hospital and an education and awareness 
campaign is about to be launched.  

The Emergency Department have taken the following steps: 

a)  Patients who have not been referred to the Department will be allocated to an 

ED clinician who is anticipated (barring unforeseen circumstances) to be present 
in the Department for the entirety of the patient’s stay within ED. Thus 
minimising the number of occasions they will need to be handed over. 

b)  An SBAR tool has been added to the Paediatric proforma used to facilitate safe 
handover between clinicians, specifically focusing on outstanding concerns and 
actions to be taken. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c)  The SBAR Tool has been incorporated into the verbal and written handover 

process between the nursing shift co-coordinator and ward staff. 

d)  The SBAR Tool now forms part of the Observation Unit Passport completed for 

all patients transferred to the Observation Unit. 

2)  The NICE guideline for head injury was not considered appropriate for use 
when it is clearly designed for exactly this case – a depressed conscious 
level should only be ascribed to intoxication after a significant brain injury 
has been excluded. 

We are developing a tool that will assist and guide staff in safely excluding a brain 
injury in those patients who are believed to be intoxicated, that will strike the right 
balance between CT scanning those patients who need a scan and avoiding 
scanning those patients where a CT scan is only likely to cause potentially 
avoidable harm through exposure to radiation. It is envisaged that this tool will set 
out specific findings on an examination that might indicate a brain injury as opposed 
to intoxication, including a detailed step by step guide on how to carry out a 
thorough physical examination of a patient’s head. 

… 

For those patients in whom a significant head injury has been excluded and are 
diagnosed as being intoxicated, the Trust has developed a pathway to ensure that 
patients who fail to recover within the anticipated timeframe are reviewed by a 
senior doctor. This is to consider the possibility of an alternative diagnosis such as 
injury or illness not detected on initial assessment and to allow appropriate further 
investigations to be completed.  

3)  Assumption of intoxication – consider the development of training in relation 

to bias.  

Working with the South West Ambulance Service, a training tool has been created 
which includes “Confirmation Bias” and the need to challenge the working diagnosis 
in any patient who fails to follow the anticipated clinical course. This will be utilised 
in every ED junior doctor teaching programme and reiterated in department 
handovers.  

… 

We trust that this response offers you sufficient assurances in relation to our actions 
following the Inquest into this tragic case. 

Yours sincerely 

James Scott 
Chief Executive

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