Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2019

Millie Creasy

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2019-0293, written 6 Sep 2019. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report6 Sep 2019
Reference2019-0293
DeceasedMillie Creasy
CoronerEmma Whitting
Coroner areaBedfordshire & Luton
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Child Death (from 2015)
Organisation namedImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Mr David Carter, Chief Executive, Luton & Dunstable NHS Trust, Luton & 
Dunstable University Hospital, Lewsey Rd, Luton, LU4 0DZ 

1 

CORONER 

I am Emma Whitting, Senior Coroner for Bedfordshire & Luton 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 6 August 2018 the Senior Coroner for Inner West London commenced an 
investigation was into the death of Millie Creasy, aged 7.  The investigation was 
transferred to the Senior Coroner of Bedfordshire & Luton on 19 October 2018 and, 
following an Inquest held by me on 3 and 4 June 2019, my determinations and 
conclusion were delivered on 11 June 2019.  The medical cause of death was found to 
be:  

1a Hypoxic Ischaemic Brain Injury 
1b Pneumonia, Seizures 

2 Global Developmental Delay 

The Conclusion of the Inquest was a Narrative Conclusion: 

The Deceased died after suffering a prolonged seizure which resulted in raised 
intracranial pressure. Although she was admitted to hospital immediately after the 
seizure, no increase in intracranial pressure was detected during the admission and she 
was discharged. By the time of her readmission, she had suffered an unsurvivable 
hypoxic brain injury. Whilst earlier treatment of the raised intracranial pressure would 
have improved her chances of survival, it could not be said that, had she received such 
treatment, she would have survived since the success of such treatment is very variable. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Between approximately 13.40 and 14.10 hours on 31 July 2018, the Deceased suffered 
a  prolonged  30  minute  seizure  at  home.  Attending  paramedics  who  witnessed  the 
seizure  described  it  as  ‘decorticate’  and  the  Deceased  as  ‘cyanosed  and  peripherally 
cold’.  Following  her  admittance  and  treatment  for  a  suspected  infection  in  the 
Emergency  Department  at  Luton  &  Dunstable  Hospital,  she  was  transferred  to  the 
Paediatric  Assessment  Unit  for  on-going  management  and  further  investigations.  After 
the  transfer,  she  was  clinically  assessed  at  18.00  hours  and  19.30  hours  but  had  no 
additional  neurological  observations  and  was  discharged  home  at  20.40  hours. 
Following  a  deterioration  at  home,  she  was  re-admitted  to  the  Paediatric  Assessment 
Unit  at  00.30  hours  on  1  August  2018  when  both  her  pupils  were  noted  to  be  very 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dilated  (9mm)  although,  initially,  still  reactive  to  light.  She  was  still  awaiting  a  Senior 
Clinical  Review  when  she  suffered  a  respiratory  arrest  as  result  of  a  herniation  of  her 
brain  caused  by  raised  intracranial  pressure  (ICP).  Although  she  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  Paediatric  Intensive  Care  Unit  at  St  Mary’s  Hospital,  her  brain  injury 
was  recognised  as  unsurvivable  and  brain  stem  death  was  confirmed  at  12pm  on  5 
August 2018.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion, there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances, it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1)  Millie was admitted to the Luton & Dunstable Hospital on 31 July 2018 at 14.42 
hours  having  suffered  a  prolonged  seizure  of  approximately  30  minutes  which 
paramedics  described  as  decorticate.  She  was  subsequently  discharged  at 
20.40  hours  for  with  an  appointment  for  review  the  following  day  (regular 
neurological observations had ceased after 2 hours); 

(2)  Whilst  my  factual  findings  recognised  that  any  earlier  treatment  for  raised  ICP 
may not have altered the outcome, and that a diagnosis of raised ICP or the risk 
of raised ICP is  a clinical  one,  I  was informed that   it  was  not  possible for the 
Luton  &  Dunstable  NHS  Trust  to  be  more  prescriptive  in  terms  of  clinical 
treatment  in  cases  where  a  child  presents  with  a  history  of  prolonged  seizure 
and that, in any event, “the Trust did not have stronger evidence that a longer 
period of observation would help as neuro-observations will only detect the late 
situation  when  cerebral  oedema  has  reached  the  point  of  coning/tonsillar 
herniation  when  intervention  is  often  not  effective.  Additional  interventions 
would  only  occur  when  the  process  is  advanced  enough  for  clinical  detection 
and the outcome is poor” ; 

(3)  During  the  Inquest,  I  heard  evidence  from 

(Drafted  by 

,  Paediatric  Intensivist,  at 
St Mary’s Hospital, London. Both the Pathologist and 
agreed that an 
prolonged  seizure  can  cause  a  hypoxic  brain  injury  that  may  not  become 
  also  explained  that  if 
clinically  apparent  for  hours  or  even  days. 
Millie’s condition had been identified at the stage of ‘peri-herniation’, she would 
have  received  neuroprotective  procedures  which  would  have  improved  her 
chances  of  survival;  I  have  since  been  provided  with  a  copy  of  the  Imperial 
): 
College  Healthcare  NHS  Trust  Guideline 
Neuroprotection  for  the  patient  on  the  Paediatric  Intensive  Care  Unit.      The 
scope  of  the  guideline  is  said  to  be  the  multi-protection  team  working  in  any 
area  of  Paediatrics  and  states  that:  “Whenever  a  patient  has  suffered  a 
neurological insult or is at risk of primary (cellular damage leading to cell 
death)  or  secondary  neurological  injury  (further  cellular  and  structural 
injury)  neuroprotective  strategies  should  be  commenced. 
  Clinical 
situations where this should be considered include the following: 
Traumatic Brain Injury 
Sepsis – prolonged hypotension 
Sepsis – meningitis, encephalitis 
Post-cardiac arrest 
Any CNS insult – prolonged seizures 
Metabolic derangements – sodium, glucose, ammonia 
Liver failure – encephalopathy”; 

(4)   Although  the  evidence  suggested  Millie  had  suffered  a  prolonged  seizure,  
there  was  no  evidence  to  suggest  the  potential  need  for  neuroprotective 
strategies was, in fact, considered by the Luton & Dunstable NHS Trust.   

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report 
namely by 1 November 2019. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to Millie Creasy’s family.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

6 September 2019    SIGNED BY HM SENIOR CORONER:  

3

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