Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2020

Lewys Crawford

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0046, written 28 Feb 2020. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report28 Feb 2020
Reference2020-0046
DeceasedLewys Crawford
CoronerGraeme Hughes
Coroner areaSouth Wales Central
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

ANNEX A 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

The Chief Executive Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, 

1 

CORONER 

I  am  Graeme  Hughes,  Acting  Senior  Coroner,  for  the  coroner  area  of  South  Wales 
Central. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 28th March 2019 I commenced an investigation into the death of Lewys Ryan Aidan 
CRAWFORD. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest 14th February 2020. 
The  conclusion  of  the  inquest  was  Natural  causes  contributed  to  by  neglect  -  gross 
failure up to and including 11:30pm on 21/03/2019. 

Cause of Death recorded as:- 

1a. Meningococcal Septicaemia (Group B) 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

These were recorded as :- 

It is likely Lewys was in early stages of Meningococcal disease when he was admitted to 
A&E at University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff on 21/03/2019 at 08:15pm.  There were 
multiple opportunities missed before 11:30pm to identify Lewys as having one or more 
high risk factors for Sepsis.  There was a failure to treat Lewys with antibiotics before 
11:30pm and this significantly contributed to Lewys' death on 22/03/2019 by which time 
he had been transferred to the Paediatric Critical Care Unit. 

The Inquest focused upon numerous issues. However, at its core was the 
appropriateness, timeliness, and causative significance of the care provided to Lewys 
following his presentation to A & E. Particularly in the early stages of his treatment 
between triage and around 11.30pm on 21.3.19 

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1)  A potential deficiency in the knowledge and understanding of A & E Consultants 
covering in the paediatric A & E Department (whilst there is no on site consultant 
in paediatric emergency medicine) in the identification/diagnosis of sepsis in 
babies and very young children. Whilst it is appreciated that the quest to recruit 
further consultants in paediatric emergency medicine to provide more 
comprehensive cover in the Department continues, until such time as a 
sufficient complement is in place, and A & E Consultants provide some of the 
cover, the Health Board must ensure that those that do, are urgently and 
adequately trained to a competent standard to deliver the care required. It 
cannot be simply left to the individual consultants to determine their own 
requirements in this regard. As their employers, the Health Board, has an 
overarching obligation to ensure that competent staff are employed and to 
maintain high professional standards. 

(2)  There needs to be a greater understanding of, and reference to the NICE Sepsis 
risk stratification tool: children aged under 5 years in hospital by Clinicians and 
Nurses in both the A & E & Paediatric depts. Whilst it is appreciated that the 
finalisation of a bespoke sepsis tool, based upon the UK Sepsis Trust’s Tools 
and Pathways is awaited, until such time as its adopted, the Health Board needs 
to address apparent lapses in the understanding of what is required upon 
diagnosis of a potentially septic baby/child, particularly in the period between 
triage and admission to the ward. Specifically, the importance of stabilising the 
patient prior to transfer by completing a full septic screen. Furthermore, the 
Inquest highlighted gaps in the understanding and knowledge of agency nurses 
as to the septic screen and the steps to be followed. The Health Board needs a 
clear policy (and to ensure this is implemented & followed) to ensure that 
agency nurses are up to date with their training and understanding in this area 
of practice. 

(3)  Guidance and instruction to both clinicians and nurses as to the appropriate use 

(and recording) of terminology should be considered in suspected sepsis 
patients. There was a degree of confusion in both the A & E & Paediatric 
Departments caused by the interchangeable use of sepsis and bacterial 
infection as to what treatment should be initiated/progressed depending on 
which description was used. If sepsis is suspected, that clear and continuing 
reference ought to be maintained, if, and until it is superseded by an alternative 
diagnosis. 

(4)  In suspected sepsis patients, particularly babies, guidance and instruction needs 

to be emphasised to clinicians & nurses as to alternative methods of 
administration of antibiotics. Evidence at Inquest demonstrated that there were 
failures to consider alternatives to cannulation for IV antibiotics, such as intra-
muscularly or intra-osseously. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your 
organisation have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 26th April 2020.  I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to family who may find it useful or of interest. 

HeaIth inspectorate Wales, Welsh Government,

 Medical Director 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Cardiff and Vale Health Board.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

28th February 2020 

SIGNED: 

Graeme Hughes, Acting Senior Coroner for South Wales Central 

3

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