Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Sarah Gilbert-Jones

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2022-0037, written 4 Feb 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Feb 2022
Reference2022-0037
DeceasedSarah Gilbert-Jones
CoronerGraeme Hughes
Coroner areaSouth Wales Central
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards) · Mental Health related deaths · Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Organisation namedWelsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

ANNEX A 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

 at Welsh Ambulance NHS Trust  

1  CORONER 

I am Graeme Hughes, H M Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of South Wales Central. 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Reg ulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  3.11.20,  I  commenced an investigation into the death of  Sarah  Marie GILBERT-
JONES.  

The  investigation  concluded  at  the  end  of   an  inquest  on  3rd  February  2022.  The 
conclusion of the inquest was:- 

 The deceased died due to the direct effects of a significant and deliberate overdose of  
her prescription medication. It is unlikely that she intended the c ons equenc es of  t hat 
overdose to be her own death. It is likely that the timing of her death was contributed t o 
by her sub-optimal transfer to hospital, narrowing t he opport unit y f or ad minis tering 
ef f ective life-saving medication and treatment.  

The cause of death being: 1a: 

 Toxicity 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

These were recorded as :- 

Since 2019, Sarah Marie GILBERT-JONES, had experienced fluctuating and worsening 
mental health. This had manifested itself in episodes of self-harm, and from the summer 
of  2020 overdoses of her prescription medication. On the evening of 28.10.20 she has 
taken a significant overdose, concurrently with a large quantity of alcohol. A delay in the 
arrival of  the emergency services compromised an opportunity for earlier life-saving 
treatment. She died in the early hours of 2910.20 at the Royal Glamorgan Hospital. The 
cause of her death due directly to the toxic effects of the overdose. 

The Inquest broadly focused upon:- 

a. The emergency response following notification of the overdose & request for

ambulance assistance. In particular, the grading of calls to the Clinical Contact
Centre & the actions initiated following the same

b. Whether a delay(s) in ambulance service attendance (upon the deceased) &

1 

 conveyance to an Accident & Emergency Department, contributed to her death 

c.  The contribution, if any, of sub-optimal Mental Health Services provision upon 

her death 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern.  

In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

(1)  When the initial 999 call was placed by the deceased’s father at 22.05 on 

28.10.20, it was accepted that he explicitly indicated to the Call Handler that the 
 tablets. 
deceased had taken an overdose of, inter alia, 
Based upon that, & answers to other questions posed by the call handler, the 
call handler selected a protocol which did not appear to require this crucial piece 
of  information to be either recorded within it, or to form part of the material which 
led to the categorisation of the call for the purposes of determing the appropriate 
response. In short, it led to a categorisation which could only loosely provide a 
response (based upon the level of demand that evening) estimate of around 3 
hours. The concern here is that treatment for a massive 
 overdose is 
time critical, & the processing of the call did not appear to accurately reflect the 
peril the deceased was then in, nor the importance of providing an acute 
emergency response. 

(2)  There appeared to be an opportunity shortly following the initial categorisation of 
the response, by a clinical floor walker, to upgrade to a code/categorisation 
which would likely have led to a swifter response, but an under-appreciation, or 
otherwise, of the then time critical treatment window open to the deceased. I 
was inf ormed in evidence that the clinical floor walker would have had access to 
TOXBASE via the Clinical Support Desk at that time, & had that been accessed 
& inf ormation promptly secured regarding the treatment indicated, this would 
have alerted the clinician to the need for an acute emergency response. This 
was subsequently undertaken by the attending paramedic (albeit not via 
TOXBASE) some hours later, & who immediately after having accessed the 
overdose, appreciated that the deceased 
treatments for massive 
was a time sensitive patient & to convey to the emergency department with all 
haste. 

(3)  Following the second call to Clinical Contact Centre at 23.48 on 28.10.20, there 
were somewhat bewilderingly complex, & inconsistent categorisations of the 
code for response which appeared to lead to response vehicles being 
despatched or stood down, whilst the patient remained in need of time sensitive 
treatment by way of transfer to an Accident & Emergency Unit. Whilst I was 
assured that this had been addressed by learning & guidance to call handlers, a 
review of  categorisations, coding’s & actions in the setting of a patient 
demonstrating the symptoms as per the deceased on 28/29 October 2020 to 
achieve clarity/consistency is invited.   

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 organisation have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 1st April 2022.   

Only, I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or p roposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the deceased’s family and the Health Inspectorate 
Wales, Cwm Taf  Health Board who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief  Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
f orm. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of  interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner.  

9 

4th February 2022 

SIGNED:  

Graeme Hughes, H M Senior Coroner for South Wales Central 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (PDF)
Swyddfa'r Prif Weithredwr a’r Cadeirydd 

Chair and Chief Executive’s Office 

31 March 2022 

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL 
Mr Graham Hughes 
HM Senior Coroner at South Wales Central 

Dear Mr Hughes 

Sarah Marie Gilbert-Jones 

I  write  in  response  to  the  Prevention  of  Future  Deaths  Report  issued  to  this  Trust  on  the  4 
February 2022, following the inquest in relation to Sarah Marie Gilbert-Jones. 

I understand that, whilst giving evidence, my staff provided you with details of changes that the 
Trust has already made (since this incident), that would have affected how we respond to such 
a call received today. I will not repeat that information here, but rather build on those changes. 

The issue of Propranolol overdose has already been discussed at the International Academies 
Of  Emergency  Dispatch  (IAED)  Clinical  Focus  Group,  initially  raised  by  another  ambulance 
service. This is not an issue being faced here in Wales alone. One consideration has been as 
to whether there is a specific question set, with associated code group and priorities, which will 
identify  the  case  as  a  propranolol overdose.  The  Medical  Priority  Dispatch  System  (MPDS)  
already has a question set that relates to Fentanyl which was an issue in some countries. 

The issues of instigating different actions for different drug types are twofold. There is the fact 
that  the  individual  drugs  that  can  be  involved  in  overdose  cases  are  many  and  varied. 
Additionally, this moves away from the basis of the Trust’s Clinical Response Model, where the 
sickest patients are identified and attended first. This Model is based on the patient’s condition 
at the time and is not based on potential future changes to their conditions. 

Mae’r Ymddiriedolaeth yn croesawu gohebiaeth yn y Gymraeg 
neu’r Saesneg, ac na fydd gohebu yn Gymraeg yn arwain at oedi 

The Trust welcomes correspondence in Welsh or English, and 
that corresponding in Welsh will not lead to a delay 

www.ambulance.wales.nhs.uk 

Pencadlys Rhanbarthol 
Ambiwlans a Chanolfan 
Cyfathrebu Clinigol 

Regional Ambulance 
Headquarters and 
Clinical Contact Centre 

Tŷ Vantage Point 
Vantage Point House 
Tŷ Coch Way 
Cwmbran NP44 7HF 

Ffôn/Tel  
01633 626262 

 
 
 
 
 During the incident that was subject of the inquest, the floorwalker did upgrade the call to elicit 
a faster response, from an Amber 2 to an Amber 1. I wish to assure you that within the Standard 
Operating Procedure for the Clinical Support Desk, which allows clinicians to place a “flag” on 
an incident.  

That flag identifies the case as an overdose of such things as Propranolol, and is visible for the 
staff responsible for dispatching vehicles. This flag indicates to the Allocator that a vehicle should 
be sent as soon as possible and that allows the dispatch teams to consider allocating available 
resources out of time order (as resources are normally dispatched to the highest priority/oldest 
call first). 

I attach for your reference a plan that lists the actions the Trust is proposing to consider in order 
to address the issues highlighted within your Regulation 28 report. Any changes made will be 
included within the Trust’s Standard Operating Procedures (Clinical Contact Centre and Clinical 
Support Desk). 

Whilst writing I would like to extend my sincere condolences to Miss Gilbert-Jones family on their 
sad loss. I am pleased to hear that they have accepted the Trust’s offer to reconsider this matter 
under the National Health Service (Concerns, Complaints and Redress Arrangements) (Wales) 
Regulations 2011. 

I would also like to extend the offer to meet with you to discuss our response in more detail and 
to  provide  you  with  any  further  assurances  you  may  require  regarding  our  commitment  to 
continuance improvement to support the prevention of future deaths. 

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive 

Enc:  Action Plan 

2

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