Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2020

Pauline Russell

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2020-0149, written 4 Aug 2020. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report4 Aug 2020
Reference2020-0149
DeceasedPauline Russell
CoronerYvonne Blake
Coroner areaNorfolk
CategoryAlcohol, drug and medication related deaths · Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

. 
REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO 

The Chief Executive 
James Paget University Hospital 
Lowestoft Road 
Great Yarmouth 
Norfolk 
NR31 6LA 

1  CORONER 

I am Yvonne BLAKE, Area Coroner for the area of Norfolk 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 
29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3  INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 25 November 2019 I commenced an investigation into the death of Pauline Russell aged 61.  The 
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 31/07/2020.  The conclusion of the inquest was a 
narrative conclusion as follows: 

Mrs Pauline Russell died at the James Paget Hospital, Lowestoft Road, Gorleston, Norfolk on 22 November 
2019 from Aspiration Pneumonia following her collapsing in a hypoglycemic coma. Mrs Russell had been 
injecting a higher incorrect dose of insulin since her discharge from hospital on 11 November 2019. 

The Medical Cause of Death is 

1a Aspiration Pneumonia 
1b Hypoglycaemic Coma 

2. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitis, Previous stroke. 

1 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mrs Russell, a poorly controlled diabetic, was admitted to the James Paget Hospital, Gorleston, Gt. Yarmouth 
on 6/11/19 with a history of falls, and a urinary tract infection. She took amongst other things, insulin twice 
daily. Her insulin was increased to 64 units twice daily and she was discharged on 8/11/19 on this regime. 
Neither 
or Mrs Russell can read or write. Mrs Russell went home first, and her husband returned to the 
hospital to collect her medication. He was given a bag of medication and saw a letter inside. The staff nurse 
gave evidence that he went through Mrs Russell’s medications with 
using the discharge letter as 
reference. In any event Mrs Russell told her husband when he returned home that the doctor had increased 
her insulin to 92 units twice daily. 
told. The correct dose to be given was listed on the discharge summary which neither could read. Mrs Russell 
received 5 days of 92 units of insulin B.D. 
drew it up in the pen because Mrs Russell had cataracts 
and she injected it herself. On the morning of the 17/11/19 a carer arrived, and Mrs Russell was unresponsive 
and so she began resuscitation and called an ambulance. Mrs Russell was given glucose by paramedics which 
slightly improved her condition, but she did not wake up. Life support was withdrawn, and Mrs Russell died on 
22/11/19. 
2  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

queried this, but she was adamant that is what she had been 

The MATTERS OF CONCERNS are as follows: That no-one checked whether Mrs Russell could read, her 
admission pack has a long section on communication but not once is the question asked can you read/write or 
something of that nature. Mrs Russell would have been given menus to select from and been expected to read 

 other things whilst in hospital, but nobody checked that she could do this. On discharge no one checked that 
could read and understand the discharge summary. The inquest was 8 months after Mrs Russells’ 

death and when I asked the nurse who discharged her about his current practice around patients being 
asked about literacy his reply was “I’m thinking about it” so even a death had not altered his practice. The 
hospital has not introduced anything during this long period of time to ascertain if their patients can 
read/write. I appreciate that it can be embarrassing to ask the staff and patient, but it is vital that if people are 
being discharged home with written instructions, they can read them to check those instructions, or be shown 
in a different way what the instructions are, eg. a diagram, getting a relative to read them or a carer.  I find it 
surprising that nothing has been done on the hospital’s own initiative in 8 months and I remain concerned that 
a similar incident may occur again. 

3  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or your organisation) 
have the power to take such action. 

4  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 29 September 2020.  I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the timetable for 
action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

5  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested Persons: 

(Spouse) 

I have also sent it to: 
Department of Health 
Care Quality Commission 
Healthwatch Norfolk 
HSIB, who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form.  He may send a 
copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of interest.  You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the release or the publication of your 
response by the Chief Coroner. 

9.  Dated: 04 August 2020 

Yvonne BLAKE 
Area Coroner for Norfolk 
Norfolk Coroner Service 
Carrow House 
301 King Street 
Norwich  NR1 2TN

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Redacted 1 (PDF)
2- 4 SEP 2020 

Ms Yvonne Blake 
Area  Coroner for Norfolk 
Carrow House 
301  King Street 
Norwich 
NR1  2TN 

21  September 2020 

Dear Ms  Blake 

,,,1:k1 

James  Paget 
University Hospitals 
NHS  Foundation Trust 

Lowestoft Road 
Gorleston 
Great Yarmouth 
Norfolk 
NR31  6LA 

Main Switchboard: 01493 452452 

Direct D ia l :_
Direct Fax: 

E mail:  complaints@jpaget.nhs.uk 

www.jpaget.nhs.uk 

Re:  Regulation  28  Report  to  Prevent  Future  Deaths  following  the  inquest  into  the 
death of Mrs Pauline Russell. 

Thank you for your letter received  on  10 August 2020 following  your inquest into the death of 
Pauline  Russell.  Firstly,  I  would  like · to  offer  my  condolences  on  behalf  of  the  Trust  to 
Pauline's family for her sad  passing. 

Following the evidence heard at your inquest, the medical cause of death was given as: 

1 a) Aspiration  Pneumonia 
1 b) Hypoglycaemic Coma 
1c) -
2) 

· 

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitis,  Previous Stroke 

I understand that you  have made this report under paragraph 7,  Schedule 5,  of the  Coroners 
and  Justice Act 2009 and  regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013. 

The  Trust  has  carefully  considered  the  issues  set  out  in  your  letter  in  order  to  respond  to 
your concerns. 

Following  your  inquest,  the  hospital's  Director  of  Nursing  instigated  a  review  of  the 
admission  and  discharge  documentation  used  across  the  Trust  to  identify  any  required 
changes. 

As a result of this review,  the admission and  discharge documentation has been amended to 
include additional checks relating  to literacy support.  The Multi-Disciplinary Care Recorc:rh-ow 
requires  staff  to  check  whether  the  patient  is  able  to  read  English  and  if  any  additional 
support  is  required.  The  'Discharge  Checklist'  also  highlights  language  and  literacy skills  to 
the  completing  staff  and  signposts  them  to  the  new  admissions  booklet.  Please  see 
enclosed  copy  of  the  amended  documentation.  The  updated  documentatior:,  has  been 

 shared  with.  ward  managers  to  cascade  accordingly and  the  documentation  will  be  formally 
launched  at the  Clinical  Leaders  Event on  7 October 2020.  To  ensure compliance,  the Trust 
will  carry out a monthly audit of this  documentation with  the first  results  available  at the  end 
of October. 

During  the  discharge  proce~s,  nursing  staff  are  expected  to  discuss  medications  With 
patients  and  their  relatives  (if appropriate)  to  ensure  that  they  have  a full  understanding  of 
their medication administration. This discussion should  include specific information about the 
dosage  to  avoid  any  misinterpretation.  If  concerns  are  identified  during  the  medicines 
reconciliation  process,  this  would  be  assessed  and  the  patient  and  their  carers. supported 
accordingly. 

Staff are encouraged to  use a 'Check and  Challenge' approach to ensure patients have a full 
and  safe  understanding  of their medications.  This  approach  includes  staff asking  questions 
to  patients  and  carers  to  evaluate  their  understanding  and  identify  if further  assistance  is 
required, for example an  interpreter. 

In  March  2020,  the  pharmacy department implemented  a new system  which  communicates 
a  patient's  _discharge  letter  to· their  usual  community  pharmacy:  this  allows  a  further 
opportunity  to  offer  medication  support.  In  addition,  the  discharge  letter  is  sent  to  the 
patient's General  Practitioner to arrange any require~ follow up and  make them aware of any 
medication changes. 

I  understand  in  this  case,  nursing  staff were  unaware  of the  patient's  and  carer's  literacy 
difficulties and  I am  satisfied  that the  cha,nges  to documentation  and  learning from  this  case 
will  help prevent a similar inciqent occurring. 

I would  like  to  thank you  for bringing  your concerns  to  my attention.  If you  require  anything 
further,  then  please do  not hesitate to contact me. 

I understand  that this  letter may be  shared  with  Paulina's  family and  I would  like to  take this 
opportunity to personally extend  my sincere condolences for their loss. 

Yours sincerely 

B ! ! t i v e

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