Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Ian Hall

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0202, written 14 Jun 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report14 Jun 2021
Reference2021-0202
DeceasedIan Hall
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaGreater Manchester South
CategoryCommunity health care · Other related deaths · Alcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

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Stockport 
Clinical Commissioning Group 

4th Floor 
Stopford House 
Piccadilly 
Stockport 
SK1  3XE 

www.stockportccg.nhs.uk 

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Our ref: 

6 August 2021 

Ms Alison Mutch 
H M Senior Coroner 
Coroner's Court 
1 Mount Tabor Street 
Stockport 
SKl 3AG 

Dear Ms Mutch 

Regulation 28 Report  - Mr Ian Hall ( deceased) 

I refer to your letter dated 14 June 2021 in  relation to the above and thank you for contacting 
NHS Stockport Clinical Commissioning  Group (CCG)  in this matter.  I am sorry to learn of the 
circumstances of Mr Hall's death and offer my sincere condolences to his family. 

Community  Pharmacy  Services  are  the  responsibility  of NHS  England  and  I  have  therefore 
liaised with  my colleagues at Greater Manchester Health & Social Care Partnership (GMHSCP) 
to address the issues raised. 

I  note the  cause  of death  as  detailed  in  the  report and  your concern  that future deaths  will 
occur  unless  action  is  taken.  You  have  raised  two  areas of concern  which  I  will  address  in 
order and will identify how learnings from this case can  be shared across the wider system. 

The  events  of concern  relate  to  medication  management  within  Well  Pharmacy  who  have 
undertaken an investigation focussing on the following  points:-

(1)  How Amytriptyline rather than Atenolol had been dispensed in the community 
(2)  What  checks  the  pharmacy  in  question  had  or  any  pharmacy  has  to  avoid  the 
inadvertent dispensing to a vulnerable adult where the carer's role is to administer 
whatever medications are collected from the pharmacy in the name of the individual 

 
 
 The investigation report by Well  Pharmacy found the following: 

Well  Pharmacy standard procedure is for medicines to be dispensed from Central Fulfilment, a 
hub  and  spoke  dispensing  model  which  uses  robots  and  barcode  scanning  technology, 
minimising the risk of errors. Prescriptions for Ian Hall had normally been dispensed in this way 
(confirmed to be the case for June and October 2020), and the Pharmacy is very confident that 
there was  no selection error through this process.  However their records show that in August 
2020 his medication was dispensed within the community pharmacy and it is assumed that this 
is the point at which the error occurred. 

Within the community pharmacy, Well have Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in place for 
the Dispensers Check and the Accuracy Check. In the event of a dispensing error, a near miss 
would  be  reported.  In this  instance,  Well  noted  they  were  not alerted  to  the  incident  until 
January 2021, which has unfortunately impacted on their ability to carry out a more thorough 
investigation. Due to this, a near miss was also not reported. 

Through the  process of investigation,  this  incident has been  highlighted, as well as additional 
guidance on reducing LASA (looks-alike, sounds-alike) errors, which has been incorporated into 
their SOPs. 

The  report  states that Atenolol  and  Amitriptyline  is  not a common  LASA  error,  and  has  not 
previously  occurred  within  Well  Pharmacy.  Following  this  incident,  the  location  of  these 
medications  on  the  shelves  within the  community  pharmacy  has  been  reviewed  in  order  to 
minimise the risk of selection error. 

Key outcomes from the Well Pharmacy investigation: 

•  Shared  learning by Well at organisation-wide and individual pharmacy level 
•  Dispensers Check, Accuracy Check and  Patient safety SOPs have all been reviewed and 
shared  across  all  Well  Pharmacies  week  commencing  12/7/21.  Staff are  required  to 
complete an assessment and declaration by a defined deadline of all new SOPs that are 
circulated 

•  Location of medicines and visual alerts - the Atenolol and Amitriptyline have been moved 

onto separate shelves with clear stickers reminding  staff to check selection 

•  Area Manager to ensure review of all  near misses to ensure LASA  trends are spotted 

Actions taken or being taken to prevent reoccurrence across Greater Manchester. 

1.  Learning  to  be  presented/shared  with  the  Greater  Manchester  Quality  Board.  This 
meeting is attended  by commissioners, including  commissioners  of specialist services, 
regulators, Healthwatch and NICE. 

 2.  Shared learning from this and similar cases at Greater Manchester and locality level will 

be cascaded to professionals through relevant governance and learning forums 

The  Greater  Manchester  Health  and  Social  Care  Partnership  (GMHSCP)  is  committed  to 
improving outcomes for the population of Greater Manchester. In conclusion key learning points 
and recommendations will  be monitored to ensure they are embedded within practice. 

You refer to the role of a carer in the administering of medications to a vulnerable adult, making 
the  point  that  as  carer  staff are  not  clinically  qualified,  their  responsibility  when  giving  a 
medication is to simply check that the medication is correctly labelled for the patient they are 
attending.  Having carefully considered  this point, I  reach  the conclusion that the key issue is 
the  pharmacy  process  as the dispensing  of an  incorrect medication  should  not happen  if all 
procedures  are  correctly  followed.  My  focus  has  therefore  been  to  address  the  issue  of 
dispensing and I  am  satisfied that appropriate steps have been taken to reduce the likelihood 
of incorrect medications being labelled and dispensed for administering by a carer. 

I  hope  this  response  provides  the  relevant  assurances  you  require.  Thank you  for  bringing 
these important patient safety issues to my attention and please do not hesitate to contact me 
should you need any further information. 

Yours sincerely 

Dr 
Medical Director
Also filed under 2021-0202: Ian-Hall-2021-0202-Redacted.pdf
REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS   

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS  

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:    

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and NHS Stockport 
Clinical Commissioning Group  

1   CORONER  

I am Alison Mutch, Senior Coroner, for the Coroner Area of Greater Manchester 
South  

2   CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS  

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice  
Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 
2013  

3  

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST  

On 17th November 2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of Ian 
Hall.  The investigation concluded on the 3rd June 2021 and the conclusion was 
one of Narrative:  Died from aspiration pneumonia following a choking 
incident after admission following a fall in combination with Covid-19 
pneumonitis. The medical cause of death was 1a Aspiration pneumonia on a 
background of a choking incident, Covid-19 pneumonitis; II Alzheimer's 
dementia   

1  

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 4   CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH  

Ian Hall had Alzheimer's and was vulnerable. He had carers in the community. 
He was admitted to Stepping Hill Hospital on 27th October following a fall. No 
injuries resulted from the fall. On 28th October during a post admission 
medicines reconciliation check at Stepping Hill Hospital it was identified that in 
the community he had been dispensed by the community pharmacy  
Amitriptyline rather than Atenolol which was on his prescription. Amitriptyline 
would have led to increased drowsiness and an increased falls risk. On 28th 
October he choked on medication. He subsequently developed aspiration 
pneumonia and was treated but continued to deteriorate. On 2nd November a 
Covid-19 swab was positive. He was treated for Covid-19 but deteriorated 
further. On 14th November 2020 he died in Stepping Hill Hospital from a 
combination of aspiration pneumonia and Covid-19 pneumonitis.   

5   CORONER’S CONCERNS  

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to 
concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action 
is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you.  

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –   

1.  It was unclear how Amitriptyline rather than Atenolol had been 

dispensed in the community.   

2.  It was unclear what checks the pharmacy in question had or any 

pharmacy has to avoid the inadvertent dispensing to a vulnerable adult 
where the carers role is to administer whatever medications are 
collected from the pharmacy in the name of the individual. The inquest 
was told that the carers in this situation generally will have no clinical 
training. Therefore, their role is to check the medication is in an 
individual’s name and give it to the individual in compliance with what is 
on the label. It is not part of their role to cross check previous 
medications or query changes to medication.  

6   ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN  

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you 
have the power to take such action.   

2  

 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 7   YOUR RESPONSE  

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this 
report, namely by 9th August 2021. I, the coroner, may extend the period.  

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, 
setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action 
is proposed.  

8   COPIES and PUBLICATION  

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely, 
useful or of interest.  

 (family of the deceased), who may find it 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.   

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or 
summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he 
believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make representations to me, 
the coroner, at the time of your response, about the release or the publication 
of your response by the Chief Coroner.  

9   14th June 2021  

Alison Mutch HM Senior Coroner Manchester South  

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Mhra (PDF)
Ms Alison Mutch 
Senior Coroner, Greater Manchester South 

Medicines & Healthcare products 
Regulatory Agency 

27 July 2021 

10 South Colonnade  
Canary Wharf  
London  
E14 4PU 
United Kingdom 

gov.uk/mhra 

Dear Ms Mutch, 

Regulation 28 report into the death of Ian Hall 

Thank you for your report under Regulation 28 following the inquest into the tragic death of Mr Ian Hall.  

We note that one of the concerns that you raise is incorrect dispensing of a product in a pharmacy and 
your report states it is unclear how amitriptyline rather than atenolol had been dispensed in the 
community. The MHRA is responsible for the assessment of the labelling of all licensed medicines to 
ensure that the statutory information required to appear is clear, legible and easily assimilated by those 
who select and administer medicines.  

It would be helpful to know which particular amitriptyline and atenolol products the pharmacy held at the 
time Mr Hall was supplied with amitriptyline instead of his prescribed atenolol. Without this, it is difficult to 
be certain whether and to what degree the medicines packaging may have contributed to the mis-
selection in the pharmacy.  

The primary purpose of medicines labelling is the unambiguous identification of the medicinal product 
contained within the packaging. We have issued best practice guidance to the pharmaceutical industry 
which includes amongst other things, a need to ensure that medicines which may be stored together or 
used concomitantly by patients are well differentiated from each other by the judicious use of colour to 
reduce the likelihood of medication error.   

We also issued an article in our 2018 Drug Safety Update (DSU) bulletin to remind healthcare 
professionals on the need for continued vigilance for these sorts of errors https://www.gov.uk/drug-
safety-update/drug-name-confusion-reminder-to-be-vigilant-for-potential-errors. That guidance 
highlighted a known confusion between atenolol and amiodarone (another antihypertensive) but 
confusion between atenolol and amitriptyline has not been reported to us previously. 

The  MHRA  will  review  the  packaging  of  these  medicines  and  if  we  consider  on  assessment  that 
improvements  could  be  made  we  will  contact  any  pharmaceutical  manufacturers  who  supply  these 
medicines and seek changes so that the likelihood of future errors of this nature may be reduced. 

For your information, Ian Hall’s case has been recorded on our adverse drug reaction database with the 
Yellow Card reference number 

. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Yours sincerely 

Dr 
Chief Executive 
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

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