Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Henry Boddy

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0227, written 2 Jul 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report2 Jul 2021
Reference2021-0227
DeceasedHenry Boddy
CoronerR Brittain
Coroner areaInner North London
CategoryCommunity health care · Other related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

Lord Greenhalgh 
Minister of State for Building Safety, Fire and Communities  
Ministry of Housing Communities & Local Government and Home Office 
Fire Safety Unit, Home Office, 2 Marsham Street, 
Fry Building London 
SW1P 4DF 

1 

CORONER 

I am R Brittain, Assistant Coroner for Inner London North. 

2 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATIONS and INQUESTS 

Mr  Henry  Boddy  died  on  4  November  2020  at  University  College  London  Hospital.  I 
concluded an inquest to his death on 25 June 2021, with the following wording: 

Mr  Boddy  died  form  the  consequence  of  a  fire  at  his  own  residence.  This  arose  from 
recognised risks, on the background of health conditions from which he suffered. There 
were missed opportunities to address these risks but that does not amount to neglect.  

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Mr Boddy was found collapsed on 4 November 2020 in his own property, at which there 
was a significant fire ongoing. He was rescued by London Fire Brigade, resuscitated by 
London Ambulance Service and treated in hospital. However, he died later the same day 
from the consequences of this fire, which was later found to have been caused by either 
unsafe use of candles for lighting or unsafe use/disposal of smoking materials.  

The condition of his flat had previously been recognised to pose a fire risk, owing to the 
accumulation  of  a  fire  load  because  of  hoarding  behaviour.  This  had  been  ongoing  for 
many years.  

Multiple concerns had been raised about this risk and steps taken to address it. However, 
his hoarding behaviour continued and the risk recurred. Much of the evidence I heard at 
the inquest related to steps taken or not taken, in order to address these ongoing risks. I 
was  satisfied  that  the  London  Borough  of  Camden  have  taken  or  are  taking  steps  to 
address the matters of concerns raised.  

However, one issue remained unaddressed, as it relates to matters outside of the council’s 
control. I heard evidence that statutory powers do not exist to address concerns regarding 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fire risk as a consequence of hoarding, in a residential property. A witness from the council 
set  out  that  fire  safety  issues  can  only  be  addressed  through  contemporaneous 
enforcement  of  Environmental  Health  powers,  under  legislation  intended  to  address 
infestation. In this circumstance, Environmental Health officers did not attend the property 
nor  address  concerns  about  infestation  with  rodents,  as  it  was  (in  retrospect 
inappropriately) felt that there was insufficient evidence provided.  

5 

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 

1. 

I am aware that the Government has recently consultant on and responded 
to potential additional fire safety measures. However, from the evidence I 
heard at this inquest and from my review of the Government’s response, I 
am concerned that there is a gap in enforcement powers, as they relate to 
addressing fire risks in residential properties; specifically in this 
circumstance, the risks of a fire load arising from hoarding behaviour.  

 6  ACTION COULD BE TAKEN 

In  my  opinion  action  could  be  taken  to  prevent  future  deaths  and  I  believe  that  the 
addressees have the power to take such action.  

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 27 August 2021. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner, Mr Boddy’s family, London Borough 
of Camden – Social Services department, London Fire Brigade.  

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, 
about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

Dated: 2 July 2021 

Assistant Coroner R Brittain 

2

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Home Office (PDF)
Lord Greenhalgh  
Minister of State for Building Safety, Fire 
and Communities 

2 Marsham Street 
London SW1P 4DF 
www.gov.uk/home-office 

Richard Brittain 
Assistant Coroner for Inner London North 
London Borough of Camden  
Regulatory Services 
Camley Street  
N1C 4PP  

27 August 2021 

Dear Richard, 

Regulation 28: Report to prevent future deaths  

I refer to your report (dated 2 July 2021) provided in accordance with your duty under 
paragraph 7, Schedule 5 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 
of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, following your inquest into the very sad 
death of Mr Henry Boddy.  

I must offer my sincerest condolences to the family and friends of Mr Boddy. I understand 
that the inquest concluded that Mr Boddy died from a fire at his own home, which was later 
found to have been caused by either unsafe use of candles for lighting or unsafe use or 
disposal of smoking materials. Your report also raises concerns regarding the fire risks as 
a consequence of hoarding in Mr Boddy’s home and about a potential gap in enforcement 
powers with regards to the risks of a fire load arising from hoarding behaviour  

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (the “Fire Safety Order” (FSO)) covers 
fire safety in workplaces and other non-domestic premises. In residential buildings, the 
FSO applies to communal areas (the “common parts”) but not individual homes or flats 
themselves (although Prohibition Notices can restrict or prohibit access to domestic 
premises of more than one dwelling where use poses serious risk to relevant persons.)  

The FSO imposes duties on the responsible person. The responsible person is defined as 
a person in control of the premises, which could include the employer, the trade or 
business occupier, the building owner or managing agent. The responsible person’s duties 
include:  

•  Carrying out a fire risk assessment of the premises and reviewing it regularly 
•  Taking general fire precautions to ensure safety 

Article 5(3) of the FSO provides that any duties imposed on the responsible person under 
the FSO, or by regulations made under the Order, shall also be imposed on every other 
person who has to any extent control of relevant premises so far as the requirements 
relate to matters within their control. This includes:  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •  A person with obligations of any extent under a contract or tenancy in relation to 

maintenance or repair of premises or the safety of any premises (depending on the 
circumstances, a tenant could breach their obligations through hoarding behaviour), 
and  

•  Such a person is to be treated as a person having control of the premises to the 

extent of the obligation.  

Local Fire and Rescue Authorities (FRAs) are the enforcing authority for the majority of 
buildings to which the FSO applies, including for the common parts of residential buildings. 
FRAs are operationally independent to Government and decisions on compliance and 
enforcement of the FSO rests with them.  

FRAs exercise their discretion when exercising their powers to take enforcement action. 
When undertaking an inspection and becoming aware of hording behaviour   an FRA could 
foreseeably decide that such behaviour by a resident posed serious fire safety risk to them   
and other residents including  their means of escape in the event of a fire.  

Similarly, hoarding of dangerous or non-dangerous material could present a serious fire 
hazard.   If an FRA considers that such behaviour poses such a risk they  can issue a 
prohibition notice on a responsible person (or any other person mentioned in article 5(3)), 
if the fire risk is so serious that the use of the premises needs to be prohibited or restricted 
due to the risks posed by hoarding behaviour.  

FRAs need to consider if a prohibition notice is the most appropriate and proportionate 
approach to address the risk identified. For example, individuals with hoarding behaviour 
could be vulnerable and may have mental health issues. If FRAs were to restrict access to 
their homes, this could have a significant impact on vulnerable individuals - not limited to 
those with hoarding behaviour. This could disproportionately impact those with a disability 
under the Equality Act 2010 and potentially cause greater harm to vulnerable individuals.  

Therefore, enforcement under the FSO might not be the most appropriate and 
proportionate action to address fire safety risks caused by hoarding, but this would depend 
on the circumstances.  

However, Safe and Well Visits are carried out by FRAs in accordance with section 6(1)(b) 
of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 with regards to giving advice on request on how 
to prevent fires and restrict their spread and means of escape from buildings and other 
property in case of a fire. Safe and Well visits comprise of FRAs visiting people in their 
own homes to provide them with tailored fire safety and risk reduction advice. Where risks 
are identified, which cannot be dealt with by FRAs, we expect them to work closely with 
other local public services through existing local arrangements -such as multi-agency 
safeguarding hubs -  to ensure appropriate action can be taken to protect vulnerable 
individuals as well as other residents.  

Therefore, a more appropriate and proportionate approach for addressing fire safety risks 
as a result of hoarding could be a multi-agency approach working towards a long-term 
solution, rather than enforcement. This could include, for example, local authorities, FRAs 
and social services work collaboratively to ensure that individuals with hoarding behaviour 
have the right level of support and ensure that the fire safety risks are reduced.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FRAs may also raise safeguarding referrals following a Safe and Well visit, where they 
believe a resident is at risk from neglect or abuse in line with the Care Act 2014. This 
includes referrals for self-neglect following significant changes to the Care Act 2014 which 
now include self-neglect under the legal definition of abuse or neglect relevant to 
individuals with care and support needs.  

Lord Greenhalgh 
Minister of State for Building Safety, Fire and Communities at  
Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government and Home Office

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