Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2021

Catherine Best

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2021-0244, written 15 Jul 2021. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report15 Jul 2021
Reference2021-0244
DeceasedCatherine Best
CoronerAled Gruffydd
Coroner areaSwansea Neath & Port Talbot
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NO TE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS  BEING SENT TO: 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE SWANSEA BAY UNIVERSITY HEAL TH BOARD 
1 TALBOT GATEWAY 
BAGLAN  ENERGY PARK 
BAGLAN 
PORT TALBOT 
SA12 7BR 

CORONER 

I am Aled  Gruffydd, Assistant Coroner, for the coroner area of SWANSEA NEATH & 
PORT TALBOT 

2 

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7,  Schedule 5,  of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations} Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and  INQUEST 

On the 3rd  July 2012 I commenced an  investigation into the death of Catherine Jane 
Best.  The investigation concluded at the end of the  inquest on the 9th  July 2021. 

The medical cause of death is 
1 a 
1 b) 
1 c} 

anoxic brain  injury 
cardiac arrest 
malnourishment and sepsis 

The conclusion of the inquest as to  how Ms Best came to her death was a narrative 
conclusion and is as follows:-

The deceased was pronounced dead on the 23rd  of June 2012 at Morriston Hospital, 
Swansea. The deceased died from an anoxic brain injury caused by a cardiac arrest, 
which  itself was caused by a combination of sepsis and malnourishment. There was a 
failure to invoke NG feeding sooner when it became apparent that the oral offering 
wasn't being taken  by the deceased.  It cannot be determined whether this would have 
prevented the cardiac arrest suffered by the deceased on the 15th  of June 2012. 

4 

CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The deceased was Catherine Jane Best and she was pronounced dead on the 23rd  of 
June 2012 at Morriston Hospital, Swansea. The cause of death was an anoxic brain 
injury caused by a cardiac arrest, which itself was a combination of malnourishment and 
sepsis. 

Catherine was admitted to Morriston Hospital on the 5th  of May 2012 in a malnourished 

1 

 state after suffering abdominal pain at home. Tests carried out on the 6th  of May 
revealed she had a duodenal ulcer and  had developed sepsis. On the same date she 
underwent surgery for repair. The post surgical period was eventful with Catherine in 
and out of Intensive Care suffering from  infection.  Up until the 17th  of May Kate was fed 
using a combination of nasogastric feeding and oral intake. After that date the NG 
feeding was removed despite poor oral intake.  After being transferred onto Ward V on 
the 2nd  of June she suffered a cardiac arrest on the 15th  of June and was found 
unresponsive in  bed. A crash team were assembled and  CPR was commenced. They 
managed to regain circulation,  however Catherine had suffered a brain injury as a result 
of being without oxygen.  From then on the prognosis was poor and  Catherine passed 
away on the above date after life support was withdrawn. 

5 

CORONER'S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest it was apparent that the deceased was a complex and 
challenging patient and her appetite was poor. Although there were attempts to get her 
to eat,  and alternatives offered,  her calorific input remained poor.  Up until the 17th  of May 
Catherine was fed  using a combination of nasogastric feeding and oral intake. After that 
date regular NG feeding was removed despite poor oral intake  There were instances 
where NG feeding were re-introduced after that date but it was not consistent and there 
was no explanation for the removal of regular NG feeding on the  17th  of May at a time 
when her oral intake was not sufficient to provide the required nutrition. 

Whilst encouraging Catherine to obtain her calories from  oral intake was appropriate 
there was a regular pattern of her refusing her meals or eating less than the  portions 
provided. There was a lack of documentary evidence verifying options and 
encouragement although assurances that this was being done was provided by way of 
oral evidence.  I am  concerned however that in  cases involving difficult or challenging 
patients they may not be  given adequate nourishment if the oral offering is refused or 
partly taken. This could result in  situations where a patient's ability to recover is reduced 
due to insufficient nourishment.  In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you . 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  -

1.  There was  an inadequate regime of supplemented feeding by way of 

nasogastric tube meaning that Kate was not receiving a consistent amount of 
calories per day to increase the chances of fighting  infection. Kate was a 
challenging patient and  it could not be guaranteed that Kate would always take 
her meals thus ensuring that her calorie intake was obtained orally. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In  my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and  I believe you AND/OR 
your organisation  have the power to take such action . 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 9 September 2021. I,  the coroner,  may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action.  Otherwise you  must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and  PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the  Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

2 

 I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form.  He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me,  the coroner,  at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Swansea Bay University Health Board (PDF)
Bwrdd lechyd Prifysgol 
Bae Abertawe 
Swansea Bay University 
· 
Health Board 

1 

 · 

gofalu am etn '1il)'dd, cydweithlo, gwella bob
amser 
caring for each othar,·~orklng together; always 

Rydym  yn croesawu gohebiaeth yn y Gymraeg ac yn y Saestieg. 
We welcome correspondence in Wel~h _or  English. 

· 

/ 

Date:  1 &h August 2021 

Swansea Bay University ~ealth Board 
Headquarters 
One Talbot Gateway, Seaway Parade, 
Port Talbot 
SA12 7BR 

.

PRIVATE AND CONFI.DENTIAL 
Mr Al.ed  Gruffydd 
Assistant• ~roner for Swansea and Neat~ Port Talbot 
· The Guildhall 
Swansea 
SA14PE 

. 

Dear Sir, 
' 

Re:  The inquest into the death of Ms Catherine Best-

. 

. 

As a result of thf;)  inquest into the death of Ms Catherine Best held on 8th and 9th: July 
2021, and the Prevention of Future Deaths Repo_rt made against the Health Board, the 
Nutrition and Dietetic service would like to respond and outline. the·clianges made to 
the  relevant polici~s,  proc~dures,  guidance and  training  in· .relation  to  nutrition  and 
hydration since 2012. 

· 

Governanc• Structure 

Within Swansea Bay .University Health .Board ·(SBUHB) the Executive Nurse· Director 
-has corporate responsibility for Nutrition and Hydratiqn. The governance structure is 
via  the  Hea_lth  _Board  Nutrition · and  Hydration  Steering  Committee,  which  meets 
quarterly and reports to the Health Board Quality and Safety Gqvemance Gro.up which 
also meets quarterly.  The Steering Committee has responsibility. to ensure that the 
relevant Health ·and Care Standard (2.5 Nutrition and Hyd_ration) are met. 

The Terms of Reference for Nutritiqn and Hydration Steering Committee: 

Pencadlys BIP Baa Abartawa, Un Porthfa Talbot, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR / Swansea Bay UHB Headquarters', Ona Talbot 

. 
Bwrdd lechyd PrlfysgolBae.Abertawe yw enw gweithredu Bwrdd lechyd Lleol F'rlfysgol Bae Abertawe 
Swansea Bas, University Health Boatd Is the operational name of Swansea Bay University Local Health Board 

.  Gateway, Po~ Talbot, ~A12 7BR 

.  . 

, 

. 

 
 
 2 

i1 

New Terms of 
· Reference - ~utritio 

I also attach the Feedback to Quality and Safety Forum/ Gqvemance Group: 

HBQualityand 

ReportforQSGG, 
HBQualityand 
Safety- Patient NutrSafety- Patient NutrNutrion update.doc 

. 

. 

Minimum Nutrition Standards 
. 

. 

The ·All-Wales  Nutrition  and  Catering  Standards  for  FoQd  and_  Fluid  Provision  for 
Hospital lnp~tients (launched  October 2011) have been· adopted within  SBUHB and 
formed  the  basis  of  the  Health  Board  Nutrition  and  Catering  Policy  which  was 
published-:in M~y 2013. This replaced the previous Nutriti~n and Catering Framework 
-and describes the responsibilities, ·meeting  structure and .governance arrangements 
for the  organisation.. The  policy  is  reviewed  every  3  years. and  is  currently  under. 
planned revie~ which is due t~ be completed September 2021. 

~  @ 

all wales nutrition 
CID1222 Nutrition 
and catering stands  Hydration and Cate, 

Identification of Nutritional Risk and Nutritional Care Pathway 

. 

. 

The  All-Wales  Hospitat  Nutrition  Care  Pathway  Protocol  was  adopted  within- the 
predecessor organisations  of SBUHe·  in  2008.  As  part  of this  p~thway,. the  Adult 
Nutrition  Risk Screening Tool (WAASP) was  used for the identification of nutritional 
risk.  This tool is used for every patient on admission to ensure fhe early iden~ification 
and intervention for patients at risk or p~,enting with malnutrition or dehydration. The. 
pathway ~lso mandated  the  use of Al~ Wales Food  and  Fluid  Charts which  monitor 
/' patient's oral food and fluid intake to 'identify those patients at risk of malnutrition and 
to aid referral 'to specialist teams such as dietetics or speech and language therapists 
to identify p,oor intakes. 

· 

Audits  of  compliance.  with  the·  care  pathway,  nutritional  risk  screening  and  the 
implementation of nutritional _care  plans  are  undertaken on a monthly basis Via  the 
Health & Care Standards Care inlUcators.  Monthly Quality Assurance Matrons audits 
monitor if risk assessments· are completed.. The Health Board also has a programme 
of Quality Assurance audits which would  include reviewing compliance ~ith .Nutrition 
and risk assessments.· 

Pencadlys BIP Bae Abertawa, Un Porthfa Talbot, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR / SWanaea Bay UHB Haadquai1ara, One Talbot 
Gatewav, Port Talbot. SA12 7BR 
Bwrdd lechyd Prtfysgol Baa Abertawe yw enw gwelthredu Bwrdd 1a<ihyd Lleol Prffysgol Bee Abertawe 
Swansea Bay University Health Board Is the openitlonal name of Swansea Bay University Local. Health Board 

-

 Link to folders 

3 

Docu rnentary 
Evidence1  (1).xlsx 

Safe Care2 (1).xls  Patient Survey1.xlsx 

. 

. 

In  addition.  the  Nutrition and  Dietetic ·service undertake an  annual audit of nutrition 
risk  screening  and  provide  feedbac·k  on ·the findings  to  the  Nutrition and  Hydration 
Steering  Committee.  Local feedback .~nd  action  plans have been agreed  to support · 
improvements_in nutritional care. 

·In 20-19,  the "All Wales iri  Patient Nutrition  Risk Screening Tool" was adopted within 
SBUHB following the Welsh Health Circular (2019) 026. The tool inclu.des additional 
guidance on referral to Nutrition and Dietetic Services, including for those who require 
enteral. tube feeding  or where  clinical  judgm~iit  indicates  that  there  are  additional 
nutrit1onal  concerns.  The  implementation ·of the  All  Wales  Tool  was  supported  by 
additional training sessions provided by the Nutrition·& Dietetic Service and the launch 
of an  e  learning  module.  Compliarice·-with· the  e  learning  module will  be  monitored 
through the Nutrition and -Hydration Steering Committee.  · 

II1 
lEJ 
·CID494 All Wales 
Adult Nutritional  Ri? 

Training including-~urse Induction 

. 

' 

. 

The  Nutrition and  Dietetic Service delivers training on the id.entification of l'JU~ritional 
risk, nutritional care pathways and enteral tube feeding as pa,t of the New Registrant 
and Nurse lri~uction programmes. 

· 

~ 

clinical induction of  2020 UPDATE.doc 
new registrants-nut 

· 

· 

ln addition to thee- learning module supporting the All Wal~s Nutrition Risk.S(iir:eening 
-Toor;  there  are  additional e learning  modules on _the use of Food  and  Fluid  Record 
Chart  charts.  These  are .mandated  for-registered  nursjng  staff on  a  one  off basis. 
Monitoring of compliance of E- reaming  modules is undertaken via individual service 
delivery groups and  is reported to the Nutrition arid Hydration Steering Committee on­
~ ·ql:Jarterly  basis.  Each  delivery ·group .will  produce  an  action  plan  to  support· 
improvements in performance. 

Pencadlys BIP Bae Abertawe, Un Porthfa Talbot, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR / Swar,sea Bay UHB Headquarters, Ona Talbot 
Gateway, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR 
Bwrdd lachyd Prlfysgol Bae Abertawe yw enw gwelthradu Bwrdd lachyd Llaol Pr1fysgol Baa Abartawe 
swa·nsaa· Bay Unlvar:sl~y Health Board Is the operational name af Swansea Bay University Local Health Board 

. 

· 

. 

· 

. 

 ~ 

Nutrition steering 
C~mmitte Report.do 

Medical Education 

.. 

. 

4 

The Nutrition and  Dietetic Service deliver training  sessions. on  nutrition and  enteraV · · 
parenteral nutritio11  for F1  and  F2  medical  staff as part of their ongoing professional 
developme_nt. 

· 

· 

ManJgement of Refeedlng Syndrome and Out of Hours Enteral Feeding Regime

' 

' 

' 

The  Swansea  Bay  University  Health· Board  -·Guidance  on  the  ·Managemer:it  of 
·Refeeding  Syndrome and the Standard Out of Hours Enteral Feeding  Regime  have 
been reviewed three yearly since they were published in 2011 .. 

These 2 documents were reviewed  most recently in April 2020 to reflect _changes  in 
the  recom·mendation  for  electrolyte  supplementation  ·and  energy  provision  in  the 
National Guidance1• 

. 

@  m 

CID3S0 Enteral  ·  . CID376 Guideline 
Feeding R~gimen foforthe Managemen 

The standard enteral feeding  regime in critical care areas was also ·updated  in 2020'. 
to reflect changes in clinical practice.· 

Adctitional  SBUHB  Guidance on the Nutritional Management of Patients with  Eating 
Disorders  during  acute  admissions  and  a  Standard  Enteral  Feeding  Regime  for 
patients with ·Eating Disorders were published in June 2012. This guidance has been 
updated to reflect changes in the recommendations ofthe'MARSIPAN working group2 
and is reviewed every· 3 years. 

J 

CID486 Nutritional 
Management of Pati 

Insertion and Management of NG Feeding tubes 

The Health Board policy on The Insertion and Management of NG Feeding Tubes was 
updated  in  2018  and  includes  reference  to  the .clinical  decision  making  process  to 
support NG tube feeding. 

· 

ll 

Pancadlys BIP Baa Abartawa, Un ·Porthf■ Talbot, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR / Swan■- Bay UHB Headquarters, Ona Talbot 
Gateway, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR 
Bwrdd lechyd Pr1fysgol Bae Abertawe yw enw gwelthredu Bwrdd lechyd Ueol Pr1fysgol Bae Abertawe 
Swansea Bay University Health Board Is the operatlonal narne of swansea Bay University Local Heallh ~oard 

· 

 .. 

,, 

5 

A  programme  of  competency  based 
implementation of the updated policy.: The policy is re.viewed every 3 years . 

tr~1ning  was  delivered  to  support  ·the 

.  , 

. 

rn 

CID504 ABMU  Policy 
for the insertion anr 

Additional  Care  Plan  for the  Management of High  Nutrltlonal  Risk  during ·the 
.COVID 19 P•ndemic 

. 

During the COVIP 1_ 9 pandemic- a Care Plan for the Management of High· Nutrition.al 
Risk  was  implemented  to  support .areas  in  the· event  of low  staffing  levels  or staff 
redeploym~nt. 

· 

· 

· 

· 

· 

· 

· 

~ 

CID3200 Pathway 
for Management of ·. 

The  Nutrition and  Dietetic service are· con~inuing to work wit_h  colleagues to develop 
this care plan to support areas c;:,f staff shortage. 

· · 

· 

Nutrition  and  Dietetic  Servi.ce  Clinical  Standards  for  In  Patient  Nutritl~"'al 
Support
.  . 

_The  Clinical  Stan.dards  for· Inpatient  Nutritional  Support  have  been  adopted  by the 
Health Board since 2017. They inciude ~fereric_e to consideration of-enteral nutrition 
for patients who are unable to  nieet their _nutritional  requirements orally.  An audit of 
compliance·to the stand~rds is undertaken every 2 ye~rs by the Nutrition and Dietetic 
Service with the next planned  audit in autumn 2021 . The results and-Action Plan for 
improvement a·~e  agreed  with the Nutrition and  Dietetic Service Clinical Governance 
meetings. 

· 

· 

Acute Nutrition 
·support Clinical Stai 

I hope ·that the information contained in·the Health  Board's response 'will provide you 
with the assurance required in relation to the Pr~vention of Future Deaths.Report that 
·was receiv~d as a result of the Ms Best inquest. 

· 

j 

. 

Pencadlys BIP Bae Abertawe, Un Porthfa Talbot; Port Talbot, SA12 7BR / Swansea Bay UHB Headquartera, One Talbot 
Gateway, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR 
.  Bwrdd lechyd Prlfysgol l;lae Abartawe ·yw enw gwelthradu.Bwrdd lechyd Lleol Pr1fysgol Baa Abertawa 
Swansea Bay University Health Board Is the operational name.of Swansea:Bay l/nl~rslty ~cal Health Board 

. 

 please do not hesitate to conta_ct the Health Board if you have any queries. 

Yours Sincerely 

6 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF Tf1ERAPIES AND HEALTH SCIENCE 

References: 

1. 

A Pocket Guida 1D Cllnlcal Nutrition -

Fifth Edition. PEN Group Publlcatlons, British Dietetic Association 

. . 

2.  MARSIPAN Management of Really Sick PaUenl& with Anorexl,i Nervosa; (2014). 

Pencadlys BIP Baa Abertawe, Un Porthfl Talbot, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR / Swansea Bay UHB Headquarters, One Talbot 
.  . 
Gateway, Port Talbot, SA12 7BR 
B)Wdd lechyd Prffysgol Baa Abartawe yw enw gwellhredu Bwrdd lechyd Uaol Pr.tfyagol Bae Abertawe 
Swansea Bay University H~llh Board Is the operaUon11I name of Swansea Bay University Local Health Board 

. 

· 

. 

· 

,

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