Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2022

Anthony Blower

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0008, written 31 Dec 2022. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report31 Dec 2022
Reference2023-0008
DeceasedAnthony Blower
CoronerRobert Simpson
Coroner areaHampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton
CategoryHospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths
Organisation namedPortsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses publishednone published

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

t.•1:bj 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NHS Trust 

Corporate Nursing 
De  La Court House 
Queen Alexandra Hospital 
Southwick Hill Road 
Cosham, Portsmouth 
Hampshire 
P06 3LY 

20/12/2022 

Mr R Simpson 
Assistant Coroner 
HM Coroners' Office 
Coroners Court 
1 Guildhall Square 
Portsmouth 
PO1  2AJ 

Dear Mr Simpson 

I write further to the inquest into the death of Mr Anthony David Blower which was concluded 
on 8th December. 

I  understand  from  our  Head  of Legal  Services  that you  had  2  main  concerns which  were 
leading you to consider whether or not it is necessary to issue a Prevention of Future Deaths 
reports. 

I will set out the 2 concerns below, as I understand them, with  my response to those issues 
after each one. 

1.  You  were  concerned  that  you  had  seen  evidence  of  poor  completion  of  care 
plans.  I understand that at the inquest one of the witnesses gave evidence that 
there  has  been  continued  training  and  education  within  the  trust  on  the 
importance of the completion of nursing documentation but that she also gave 
evidence that the quality of the completion of care plans remains variable.  You 
accept that staffing levels are challenging but you are concerned that there didn't 
appear to be any auditing of care plans/ support to help nurses ensure that care 
plans are properly completed. 

The trust is in a transitional period with many of our systems moving over to digital formats. 
This hybrid system makes auditing more challenging in the short term, but I would like to 
provide you with assurance that auditing does continue, in a variety of ways. 

(I) 

One such system is the Ward Accreditation process which incorporates a review of 
patient records as well  as observations of care delivery. Currently 24 of the wards 
have  been  audited  in  this  way,  with  14  left  to  be  reviewed.  During  the  ward 
accreditation  process the  team,  currently consisting  of a  Senior Matron, a  Senior 
Sister and two volunteers,  visit the ward on several occasions at different times of 
the  day.  During these  visits they speak to staff,  patients and  visitors and observe 
the care that patients are receiving as well as the processes that are in place on the 
ward.  Ten  patients  and  their  families are  asked  about  the  care  they  receive, 
including  whether  they  receive  enough  help  with  meals,  and  what  they  feel is 

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, PO6 3LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986 

 
 
 
 
 r~1:1;1 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NHS Trust 
done well  at  PHU  and  if  there  was  anything  they  could  identify  that  could  be 
improved.  Staff are asked to describe the nutritional requirements for their patients 
and  to  evidence  what  food  and  fluids  their patients  have  received  in  the  last 24 
hours. Staff are asked about which patients they consider to be most at risk of falls 
and  acquiring  a  pressure  ulcer,  why  they  consider  them  to  be  high  risk  and  to 
describe the plan of care that they are currently receiving. The Ward Accreditation 
team review the end of bed documentation and care plan to see if the plan described 
matches the documentation and the findings are discussed with the staff caring for 
the patient.  Each question is asked five times to five different nurses however these 
questions are  asked to different nurses on  different  days  and  not every  nurse  is 
asked  each  question,  so  several  patients  are  discussed during  the  period  of the 
assessment.  At  least  one  safety  huddle  is  attended in  each  area  and  further 
information  is  requested  if  necessary,  particularly  around  the  plan  of  care  for 
identified  risk  factors.  Any  immediate  concerns  highlighted  are  shared  with  the 
Nurse in Charge on that shift and the Senior Sister/Senior Charge Nurse when they 
are  next on  duty.  The  results  of the  review  are  documented  in  a  comprehensive 
feedback report.  This  is  shared  with  the  Senior Sister/ Senior Charge  Nurse  and 
Matron,  ideally  within  1-2  weeks  following  completion  of  the  visit.  The  Senior 
Sister/Senior Charge Nurse is asked to complete an action plan, initially starting with 
the top three things that will  make a difference to staff and patients. When reviews 
of all the in-patient wards within a Care Group are completed, the results are shared 
with the Divisional Triumvirate and Ward Accreditation is added as a regular item at 
their Monthly Divisional Governance meetings.  A monthly report is provided to the 
Professional  Board (which  is chaired  by the Chief Nurse  and  represents  Nursing, 
Midwifery  and  Allied  Health  Professionals). If another area  of concern  has  been 
identified  a  report  is  submitted  to  the  Trust  lead  so  that  appropriate  quality 
improvement  actions  can  be  considered  and  taken.  All  wards  will  have  ward 
accreditation  assessments  repeated  and a  scoring  system  will  be  in  place  for the 
second  round  of  assessments  which  will  rate  the  wards  as  Outstanding,  Great, 
Good  or  Working  towards  Accreditation.  Their  rating  will  then  determine  how 
regularly they are reviewed, which will be at a 6 monthly interval initially. 

ii) 

During the pandemic there was a direction from  NHS  England that participation in 
national  clinical  audits should  be  suspended to enable  prioritisation  of the  Trust's 
response to COVI D-19.  As normal service returns, priority areas requiring audit are 
constantly being  reviewed.  The  current Trust plan  prioritises participation  in  'must 
do'  national  clinical  audits  covering  Cancer,  Respiratory,  Cardiac  and  Inpatient 
Falls.  There  are  approximately  50  plus  national  clinical  audits  requiring  data 
collection and completion, although resource capacity is very limited. 

Local audit activity  is  led at an  individual  specialty level.  There are currently over 
500 individual clinical audit projects on the Trust wide audit plan including Pressure 
Ulcer Risk Assessments - Purpose T Documentation Audit,  Nursing documentation 
and Falls Prevention. 

iii) 

As  you  may  be  aware,  the  trust  is  currently  transitioning  towards  an  electronic 
solution  for  clinical  notes  (digital  forms)  which  will  enable  an  improvement  in 
the completion of key mandated fields. This will be about 3-6 months in the decision-

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, PO6 3LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986 

 
 r~1:b1 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NH S Trust 
making  process then  progressive  work over an  estimated 2  years  after this  if it  is 
decided that an  'all  in  one'  solution  is  to be  purchased.  The  trust is also currently 
implementing an electronic prescribing and medicines administration system Trust 
wide.  The  digimed  Electronic  Prescribing  and  Medicines  Administration  (EPMA) 
system will  be  fully deployed trust wide  by June  2023  and  this  will  enable  routine 
audits  to  be  completed  and  reported  on  detailing  the  reliability  of prescribing  and 
administering nutritional supplements to Inpatients. 

2.  understand  that  at  the  inquest  you  heard  evidence  about  the  difficulties  of 
ensuring that those patients who do not have fluid charts are offered 7 drinks a 
day and that nurses try and keep an eye on water jugs, etc. I understand you were 
concerned that no one has overall responsibility for monitoring of fluids for those 
patients without fluid charts. 

Food and Nutrition is a Care Quality Commission fundamental standard and is part of 
the  National  Patient  Safety  Agency  agenda.  Nutrition  and  Hydration  needs  are 
recognised  as being  key  to our patients'  recovery  and  is  the  responsibility  of all  our 
staff.  However,  as you  are  aware  not all  patients have fluid  and nutrition charts,  only 
those for whom poor nutrition/hydration has been flagged as a particular concern either 
from a medical or nursing perspective. There are some clear indicators of when to chart 
food and fluid intake: unintentional weight loss, depression or low mood, inactivity and 
loss of appetite,  nausea and gastrointestinal  symptoms are  obvious ones. There are 
also some wards where this is more routine than others depending on their specialty of 
care  and  in some wards  it is clinically indicated for every patient to be  on  a food  and 
fluid chart. 

We  expect  registered  nurses  to  use  their  clinical  expertise,  observe  the  patient's 
mucous  membranes,  capillary  refill  time,  blood  pressure,  pulse  and  weight to take  a 
view on  whether the  patient is  drinking  and eating  sufficiently.  Conversation  with  the 
patient,  their next of kin,  as well as  reviewing  their risk of Malnutrition  (MUST 5  step 
screening  tool  is  used to identify patients at risk of malnutrition) will  indicate whether 
the patient has a good appetite and stable weight. The multi-disciplinary workforce also 
observe the patient's mood and activity at mealtimes,  HCSWs and housekeepers will 
notice and document if a meal has been untouched, relatives will speak to staff and ask 
if they can bring  in  snacks to tempt their loved one.  In  short, whilst nurses do try and 
monitor fluid intake from water jugs, this is only one of a number of monitoring tools. 

In  addition,  we  do  audit the  completion  of  nutritional  assessments  within  1  day  of 
admission and attached is the  data from  the  latest audit which demonstrates that the 
vast majority of patients do have their risk of malnutrition assessed within the first day 
of admission. 

One approach that we have deployed since the pandemic is the addition of mealtime 
volunteers.  These  specialised  volunteers  receive  additional  training  to  support  frail 
patients to access their meals whilst they are hot and talk to them so that they have a 
social experience during mealtimes. A small number of Dementia volunteers have also 
been  recruited  and trained  to  provide  additional support with engaging  confused and 
vulnerable patients at mealtimes in an attempt to help them maintain interest and tempt 
them to eat throughout mealtimes. 

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, P06 3LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986 

 
 r.•1:kj 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NHS Trust 

The Trust is also planning to reinstate the nutritional committee in the New Year, which 
I will attend in my capacity as the Deputy Director of Nursing for Quality and Safety, this 
forum will provide a senior focus to ensure that wards are protecting mealtimes so that 
patients  are  not  interrupted  or  undergoing  examinations/  investigations  during 
mealtimes. There will be a multidisciplinary membership for the committee, and we will 
be  challenging  ourselves  to  ensure  that  we  are  monitoring  our  performance  in  this 
fundamental area of care and exploring as many opportunities as possible to improve 
the  nutritional status of our patients. Other Trusts have  introduced finger food  menus 
and innovative schemes to enhance access to out of hours provision of meals and this 
will  be  included  within  the  review  of  how  nutrition  and  hydration  standards  can  be 
improved for our patients at PHU. 

I do hope the  contents of this letter provide you,  and Mr Blower's family with the  assurance 
that both the completion and auditing of nursing documentation (including care plans) and the 
careful  monitoring  of fluid  (and  nutritional)  intake  are  key  priorities  for  the  Trust  that  are 
already  being  implemented.  However,  if  you  have  any  further  questions,  please  do  not 
hesitate to contact me. 

Yours sincerely 

Deputy Director of Nursing for Quality and Safety 

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, PO6 3LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986
Also filed under 2023-0008: 2023-0008-Portsmouth-Hospitals-University-2.pdf
r~1:b1 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NHS Trust 

Trust Headquarters 
F Level, Queen Alexandra Hospital 
Southwick Hill Road 
Cosham 
PORTSMOUTH,P063LY 

21 st February 2023 

Mr R Simpson 
Assistant Coroner 
HM Coroner's Office 
Coroner's Court 
1 Guildhall Square 
Portsmouth 
P01 2AJ 

Dear Mr Simpson 

Response to Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths following the inquest into 
the death of Anthony Blower 

I write to provide the Trust's response to the regulation 28 report issued following the inquest 
into the death of Anthony Blower.  For ease of reference the matters of concern identified by 
you during the inquest, as described in the report, are set out below in italics with the Trust's 
response underneath each concern. 

1) Evidence at inquest revealed that none of the nursing care plan risk assessments, which 
had been completed on Mr Blower's arrival on the ward, had been updated during his stay. 
I heard evidence that there were changes to his clinical presentation that were recorded in 
the nursing notes and that these should have been reflected in updated risk assessments. 
The multi factorial falls risk assessment had not been fully completed on admission nor fully 
updated after an in-patient fall by Mr Blower. 

The evidence I heard from the nursing staff was that they are potentially missing 
opportunities for nursing interventions when risk assessments are not updated and that 
they do not always have the time to review the nursing notes. 

I note that the hospital is carrying out audits of documentation completion and updating 
some systems.  However,  some 2 years after the death of Mr Blower,  the ward manager 
stated in evidence that her reviews of care plans showed a huge variety in the level of 
completion and that concordance with documentation remained poor.  The hospital 
witnesses noted that staff were under significant time pressure and completing 
documentation is not seen as a priority. 

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital,  Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, 
P063LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986 

Worki~ To drive excellence in care for 
together our patients and communities 

 
 
 
 r~1:b1 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NHS Trust 

Trust Response 

Good documentation  is vital to the provision of good quality clinical care as you acknowledge 
above, and as is explained in the letter of 20th December 2022, (attached) the Trust does audit 
documentation and is in the process of updating its systems. 

The importance of good documentation is reflected in our training for both medical and nursing 
staff. With regard to medical staff this is reinforced through ward-based scrutiny. 

With regard to nursing staff, the trust has recently reviewed  its preceptorship programme for 
all  newly  registered  nursing  staff  and  for  the  new  HCSW  workforce.  This  includes  a 
comprehensive  overview  of  documentation  as  part  of  a  fundamentals  of  care  education 
package. 

The  current  hybrid  between  paper  and  electronic  records  on  the  wards  creates  greater 
complexity and inefficiency for our staff in terms of recording information. It also leads to there 
being  a  more  fragmented  overall  record  which  makes  it  harder  for  members  of  the 
multidisciplinary team to be aware of all the information that has been recorded for any given 
patient.  The ambition  of PHU  and  similar NHS Trusts who have  not already done  so,  is  to 
move to a true paper free Electronic Patient Record (EPA). We are working with the Integrated 
Care Board (ICB) and other Acute Trusts in Hampshire and Isle of Wight to achieve that goal 
over time. 

2) Mr Blower was found to be dehydrated and he required IV fluids during his admission. 
The hospital nutrition policy (section entitled hydration) states that it is the responsibility of 
the registered nurse and medical practitioner to ensure patients receive adequate fluids and 
that a minimum of 7 drinks should be provided daily. 

In evidence I was informed that the nurses monitor fluid intake by keeping an eye on water 
levels in patients' jugs (for those not deemed to require fluid intake charts).  There is no one 
on a ward with overall responsibility for ensuring that the trust policy on hydration is 
adhered to.  Representations from the hospital state that other members of staff also keep 
an eye on nutrition.  This was not sufficient to prevent Mr Blower from becoming seriously 
dehydrated. 

Trust Response 

Inpatients are routinely offered a drink at 7 scheduled beverage rounds a day, 6 of these are 
carried  out by housekeeping  staff with  the  final  nighttime  round  being  carried  out by  ward 
nursing  staff.  In  addition,  water  jugs  are  provided  for  all  patients  which  are  refreshed 
throughout the day as  required  and should  be  checked/topped  up by housekeeping staff at 
mealtimes. Additional beverages are also available throughout the day via ward staff, who will 
contact a housekeeper or access the beverage trolley overnight. 

We do not  routinely  keep  a  fluid  balance  record  for patients  who  are drinking well  and  not 
receiving supplementary fluids. 

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, 
P06 3LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986 

Worki~ To drive excellence in care for 
together our patients and com munities 

 
 
 r~1:bj 

Portsmouth Hospitals 
University 
NHS Trust 

Where  there  is  a  clinical  need,  for  example  in  patients  with  sepsis,  acute  kidney  injury, 
diarrhoea  and  vomiting,  patients will  receive  intravenous fluids,  and  for those  patients  fluid 
balance charts will be kept. 

The Trust recognises the importance of having a Nutrition and Hydration strategy to support 
clearer guidance on decision making around which  risk factors should lead to a patient being 
placed on a fluid balance chart. We have just re-established the Trust's Nutrition and Hydration 
Steering Group which has been tasked with updating that strategy. 

I do hope the contents of this letter provide the assurance required to demonstrate that the 
Trust is aware of, and responding to, those issues of concern raised in the regulation 28 report. 
If you, or any of your Coronial colleagues, would like to visit Queen Alexandra Hospital to see 
how  documentation  is  completed  and  audited,  and  how  hydration  is  administered  and 
monitored, we would be delighted to facilitate that. 

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive 

Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Trust HQ, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill Road, Cosham, 
P06 3LY 
Registered charity number: 1047986 

Workir-g  To drive excellence in care f or 
together our patients and communities
Also filed under 2023-0008: Anthony-Blower-Prevention-of-future-deaths-report-2023-0008_Published.pdf
Regulation 28: REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

NOTE:  This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

1  Chief Coroner - PFD Reports 
2 
3 

1  CORONER 

I am Robert SIMPSON, Assistant Coroner for the coroner area of Hampshire, Portsmouth 
and Southampton 

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 03 November 2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of Anthony David 
BLOWER aged 83.  The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 08 December 
2022.  The conclusion of the inquest was that: 

On the 25th October 2020 Anthony David Blower died at his home address in Sussex Road, 
Petersfield.  He had sustained a number of falls in September 2020, was admitted to 
hospital and diagnosed with bilateral subdural haematoma.  He underwent burr hole 
surgery on the 26th September 2020. Mr Blower was transferred to Queen Alexandra 
Hospital on the 13th October 2020 and found on the floor next to his bed at 21.00 on the 
14th October 2020, on the 20th and 21st October 2020 his condition declined significantly . 
A CT scan revealed further bleeding, Mr Blower did not undergo further surgery and 
received palliative care. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

The deceased died following a fall which caused an initial bleed affecting his brain.  He 
suffered from pre-existing cardiac conditions and cerebral amyloid angiopathy which may 
have contributed to the initial fall and the bleeds to his brain.  The impact of his age and 
multiple medical conditions complicated his treatment and impacted recovery. 

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the investigation my inquiries revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths could occur unless action is taken.  In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows: 
(brief summary of matters of concern) 

1) Evidence at inquest revealed that none of the nursing care plan risk assessments, which 
had been completed on Mr Blower’s arrival on the ward, had been updated during his stay. 
I heard evidence that there were changes to his clinical presentation that were recorded in 
the nursing notes and that these should have been reflected in updated risk assessments. 
The multi factorial falls risk assessment had not been fully completed on admission nor fully 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 
 updated after an in-patient fall by Mr Blower. 

The evidence I heard from the nursing staff was that they are potentially missing 
opportunities for nursing interventions when risk assessments are not updated and that 
they do not always have the time to review the nursing notes. 

I note that the hospital is carrying out audits of documentation completion and updating 
some systems.  However, some 2 years after the death of Mr Blower, the ward manager 
stated in evidence that her reviews of care plans showed a huge variety in the level of 
completion and that concordance with documentation remained poor. The hospital 
witnesses noted that staff were under significant time pressure and completing 
documentation is not seen as a priority. 

2) Mr Blower was found to be dehydrated and he required IV fluids during his admission. 
The hospital nutrition policy (section entitled hydration) states that it is the responsibility of 
the registered nurse and medical practitioner to ensure patients receive adequate fluids and 
that a minimum of 7 drinks should be provided daily. 

In evidence I was informed that the nurses monitor fluid intake by keeping an eye on water 
levels in patients’  jugs (for those not deemed to require fluid intake charts).  There is no-
one on a ward with overall responsibility for ensuring that the trust policy on hydration is 
adhered to.  Representations from the hospital state that other members of staff also keep 
an eye on nutrition.  This was not sufficient to prevent Mr Blower from becoming seriously 
dehydrated. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you (and/or 
your organisation) have the power to take such action. 

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by February 25, 2023.  I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out the 
timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons 

I have also sent it to 

who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send a copy of your response to the Chief Coroner and all 
interested persons who in my opinion should receive it. 

I may also send a copy of your response to any person who I believe may find it useful or 
of interest. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary form. 
He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful or of 
interest. 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021 

 
 You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response about the 
release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Dated: 31/12/2022 

Robert SIMPSON 
Assistant Coroner for 
Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton 

Regulation 28 – After Inquest 
Document Template Updated 30/07/2021

Related reports

Other reports by Robert Simpson

See all →

More reports categorised “Hospital Death (Clinical Procedures and medical management) related deaths”

See all →

Track Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust

See every Prevention of Future Deaths report matching Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, and how often a new one appears.

What would an alert for this have sent me? Search the full text

Free to try — the preview shows the real matches and how many arrived in the last 12 months. Your first email alert is free.

These reports are published by the Chief Coroner's office at judiciary.uk and are © Crown copyright. The text here is reproduced from the published PDF so it can be searched. If something on this page is wrong, or you are a person named in it and want it reviewed, email drcjar@gmail.com and we will act promptly.