Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2023

Nicholas Dumphreys

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2023-0021, written 19 Jan 2023. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report19 Jan 2023
Reference2023-0021
DeceasedNicholas Dumphreys
CoronerRobert Cohen
Coroner areaCumbria
CategoryRoad (Highways Safety) related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

Kally Cheema LLB | Senior Coroner| Cumbria

   Fairfield, Station Road, Cockermouth, Cumbria CA13 9PT   

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  The National Police Chiefs Council 
CORONER 

I am Mr Robert Cohen, HM Assistant Coroner for Cumbria 
CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

1 

2 

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/25/schedule/5/paragraph/7 

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/1629/part/7/made 
INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 29 January 2020 I commenced an investigation into the death of Nicholas Dumphreys. 
The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 20th December 2022. The 
conclusion of the inquest was 

Accident 

3 

1a Severe Head Injury  

1b 

1c 

 II    
CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

4 

Nicholas  Dumphreys  was  47  years  old.  He  was  a  serving  police  officer  with 
Cumbria Police.  On  26th  January  2020  he  was  on  duty.  He  elected  to  respond  to  an 
emergency call.  He  drove  a  police  issue  BMW,  at  speed,  down  the  M6.  After  PC 
Dumphreys passed  junction  44,  the  engine  of  the  vehicle  failed  catastrophically.  This 
failure was very similar to other engine failures that have occurred in UK police vehicles 
with the  same  engine.  As  a  result  of  the  engine  failure,  the  car  veered  across 

   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the carriageway,  overturned,  and  crashed  onto 
the  crash  PC 
Dumphreys sustained  fatal  head  injuries.  His  death  was  confirmed  by  the  roadside  at 
14:24. 

the  verge. 

In 

CORONER'S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  -

(1) In the course of the inquest I heard evidence about the role of the National Association 
of  Police  Fleet  Managers  ('NAPFM').  BMW  UK  made  several  presentations  to  NAPFM 
with  a  view  to  them  publicising  concerns  about  the  N57  engine  to  their  members. 
However, I heard evidence from the current chair of NAPFM and it is important to make 
two  observations.  First,  NAPFM  membership  is  not  mandatory.  There  are  police  fleet 
managers  who,  for  whatever  reason,  might  not  choose  to  join.  Second,  NAPFM  has  no 
official  standing,  status,  or  budget.  It  is  largely  reliant  on  the  goodwill  of  its  members  to 
function. I am concerned that this informal approach may not be sufficiently robust. It may 
not ensure that safety critical information is passed to individual police forces. 

5 

(2)  Evidence  was  given  as  to  how  'end  of  life'  police  vehicles  are  disposed  of.  It  was 
explained  that  quite  frequently  such  vehicles  are  sold  at  auction.  In  relation  to  vehicles 
with N57 engines I heard that a particular effort was made to ensure that they were not 
auctioned  but  were  destroyed.  However,  this  appeared  to  me  to  be  an  ad  hoc 
arrangement.  I  am  concerned  that  there  is  no  policy  or  guidance  which  ensures  that 
equipment  which  is  known  to  be  faulty  is  not  auctioned  off  and  purchased  by 
unsuspecting members of the public. 

(3)  The  evidence  that  I  heard  indicated  that  there  are  no  national  standards  for  police 
garages and mechanics. I can understand that overly prescriptive guidelines might not be 
fit for purpose; the nature of different police areas may place very different demands on 
vehicles.  A  'one  size  fits  all'  policy  could  be  problematic.  However,  I  am  concerned  that 
the absence of any standards risks inadequate performance going unnoticed. 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

6 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you have the 
power to take such action. 
YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 16th March 2023. I, the coroner, may extend the period. 

7 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

8 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following Interested 
Persons (1) The family of PC Dumphreys, (2) The Police Federation of England and 
Wales, (3) The Chief Constable of Cumbria Police, (4) BMW UK Ltd, and (5) The Driver 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Vehicle Standards Agency 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 
19 January 2023 

9 

Signature 

Robert Cohen, HM Assistant Coroner for Cumbria

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from National Police Chiefs Council (PDF)
Deputy Chief Constable GMP  
NPCC Lead for Police Driving 

Robert Cohen   
HM Assistant Coroner for Cumbria 
Fairfield 
Station Road 
Cockermouth 
Cumbria 
CA13 9PT 

Dear Mr Cohen 

Re Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths  - Investigation into the death of Nicholas Dumphreys 

I am writing in response to your letter dated 18th January 2023 and the matters of concern. 

Firstly may I take this opportunity to assure you of the National Police Chiefs’ Council’s full support and commitment 
to continued action concerning the issues you raise. In respect of all three areas you detail I had already instigated 
work prior to the regulation 28 notice being sent but I fully accept the appropriateness of the notice and the rightful 
focus the regulation 28 notices bring. 

I am very confident that the actions taken already and plan going forward addresses the issues. I will detail actions and 
plan under each area raised: 

1.  National Association of Police Fleet Managers (NAPFM) – no official status and robustness of the structure: 

A reorganisation of the NPCC Fleet structure has taken place and a new NPCC led governance and delivery structure is 
currently  being  established.  This  will  ensure  NPCC  ownership  and  direction  of  all  Police  Fleet  issues  including  the 
dissemination of safety critical information.  

At the time of the death of PC Dumphreys the NPCC had already in place a National Fleet Portfolio led by a Chief Officer. 
NAPFM  in  essence  sat  under  this  portfolio,  but  as you  rightly  identify,  most  of  the  guidance  and  direction  to  fleet 
managers was disseminated via NAPFM and not, in many cases, as obviously from the NPCC.  

In Summer 2022 I was appointed the new NPCC Fleet lead and from that time over a period of months met with NAPFM 
executive members to agree a new NPCC led governance and delivery structure. This is currently being progressed and 
will include the formation of: 

•  NPCC Fleet governance -      Strategic group (with Chief Officer representatives from every Region) 

- 

Tactical group (with fleet representatives from every Region) 

                                         1st Floor, 10 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0NN 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 

This governance structure will agree and deliver the NPCC agreed strategy and 
work plan. 

•  This  governance  structure  will  issue  direction  and  guidance  concerning  Police  Fleet  to  every  NPCC  Police 

Force/Organisation. This will be issued by the NPCC and not from NAPFM. 

2.  End of life Police vehicles  -  policy or guidance  concerning vehicles  known to be faulty  –  specifically N57 

effected engines: 

Policy and guidance will be developed as part of the “National Police Fleet Standards”. This will define a 
consistent  approach  for  the  disposal  of  any  police  vehicles  that  may  pose  a  risk,  through  a  common 
standard, agreed and held by the NPCC. This policy will be delivered as a priority workstream. 

In respect of the N57 engine equipped vehicles, guidance was sent to all Forces on 8th July 2022, with advice 
from NAPFM and NPCC that any vehicle that had been classified as ‘red flagged’ should be disposed of in a 
way that ensures the engine block could never be reused. 

Whilst  the  guidance  was  from  both  NPCC  and  NAPFM,  it  was  issued  on  NAPFM  headed  paperwork. 
Therefore week commencing the 20th March 2023, I am going to write to each Chief Constable attaching 
this response to your regulation 28 notice in order to highlight the importance of the issues you raise and 
my response as NPCC lead. Within this correspondence I will also reissue the N57 disposal advice but put 
this clearly under NPCC branded guidance. 

3.  No national standards for police garages and mechanics: 

When I took ownership of the NPCC Fleet portfolio in Summer 2022 I asked for consistency and standards for 
police garages to be considered as a workstream. Since that time this has been developed into a workstream 
under the revised NPCC Fleet portfolio and structure as detailed in point one above. 

The portfolio is now working on the Development and implementation of a National Police Vehicles Servicing / 
Operating Standards and Code of Practice with the aim to be published and presented for adoption by all Forces.   

This  will  reference  industry  best  practice  and  minimum  standards  relevant  to  operating  police  vehicles, 
alongside  participation and awareness of emerging risks across sector and industry.  This work includes the 
development and implementation of Blue Light specific training and accreditation for technicians working on 
police vehicles. I do not yet have an honest assessment on how long this will take to develop, or indeed if every 
Chief Constable will agree to it. However, my commitment is that the NPCC Fleet portfolio will deliver options 
for the Police Service within the initial priorities in the portfolio work plan. 

I trust this provides you with assurance that we have taken the learning from the regulation 28 notice with the 
acknowledgement that it deserves and remain committed to focusing on the actions as outlined above.  

Yours sincerely  

Deputy Chief Constable, Greater Manchester Police  
NPCC Lead for Police Driving  

                                         1st Floor, 10 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0NN

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