Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Shahzadi Khan

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0046, written 31 Jan 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report31 Jan 2024
Reference2024-0046
DeceasedShahzadi Khan
CoronerAlison Mutch
Coroner areaManchester South
CategoryAlcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  Secretary of State for Health and 
Social Care 

1  CORONER 

I am, Alison Mutch, HM Senior Coroner, for the coroner area of South 
Manchester  

2  CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and 
Justice Act 2009 and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners 
(Investigations) Regulations 2013 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 15th February 2023 I commenced an investigation into the death of 
Shahzadi Khan. The investigation concluded on the 23rd November 2023 
and the conclusion was one of Narrative: Suicide contributed to by a 
failure to effectively and appropriately manage her care in the 
community following discharge from hospital. The medical cause of 
death was 1a) Drug Toxicity. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

On 29th December 2022, Shahzadi Khan was detained under section 2 of 
the Mental Health Act due to her mental state and the risks she 
presented. She was found to have had a manic episode with psychotic 
symptoms. Due to a lack of beds, she was placed in a privately-run 
mental health hospital in Norfolk. She remained there until her discharge 
to the family home on 26th January 2023. She was commenced on 
Olanzapine and Zopiclone for her mental health whilst an inpatient. 

Her diagnosis on discharge was mania with psychotic symptoms. She 
was to remain on olanzapine in the community. Her placement out of 
area contributed to disjointed and inadequate discharge planning to 
support her in the community and was exacerbated by poor 
communication between the team managing out of area placements and 
the local team. As a consequence, the aftercare planning did not take 
place in accordance with S117 Mental Health Act.  

This was exacerbated by a failure by all health professionals involved in 
her care within the mental health trust to recognise that she needed to be 
referred on to the Trafford Shared Care pathway. A referral would have 
ensured she received support and care for at least 12 weeks when she 

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 returned to the community. There is no clear reason for this failure.  

She was seen by the Home-Based Treatment Team (HBTT) on 28th 
January and 2nd February, then discharged back to her GP. Within a 
week of that discharge from HBTT, which meant she had been left with 
no mental health support, she had deteriorated significantly.  On 9th 
February her GP sent her to hospital for emergency assessment due to 
her presentation. She was discharged home to be seen by the Home-
Based Treatment Team on 11th February. She was seen by that team on 
11th, 12th, and 13th February.  

There was still no recognition of the fact that the Trafford policy was not 
being followed. She had indicated her lack of compliance with olanzapine, 
suicidal thoughts and her behaviour on 13th February was erratic.  
On 14th February 203 she took a fatal overdose of prescribed zopiclone at 
her home address.  

5  CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise 
to concern. In my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur 
unless action is taken. In the circumstances it is my statutory duty to 
report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  –  

1.  The inquest heard evidence that a shortage of mental health beds 
nationally meant that the situation that arose here of a placement 
out of area many miles from home was not unusual and that 
private beds were being used on a regular basis due to a shortage 
of NHS beds. The inquest heard that this meant that there were a 
number of consequences as a result all of such placements which 
could as in Ms Khan’s case impact on a patient and increase the 
risk they presented. In particular: 

  A family could not easily stay in contact and visiting was 

almost impossible. This meant a patient felt more isolated 
and their family could not provide information effectively to 
the treating clinicians. 

  Where a non-NHS bed was being used or an out of trust 
bed was being used notes were not easily shared as 
different electronic systems were used. 

  Out of area trusts/private providers would not be familiar 

with local arrangements to support discharge and had to 
rely on local trust teams to put plans in place which could 
as in this case lead to less effective communication 

2.  There was evidence from her family that her deterioration was in 
part due to her going through the menopause and that had there 
been better awareness of this as a factor in mental health 
deterioration for some women and better support in place, 
interventions could have taken place at an earlier stage and been 

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 more effective.     

3.  The inquest heard that due to its size the mental health trust 

covers a number of areas. Each area has its own systems and 
pathways. Lack of understanding of these pathways by 
coordinating teams meant that patients were not being moved onto 
the correct pathway for care. The inquest heard that this was 
compounded by a lack of awareness by the Trafford HBTT of the 
local pathway for a patient such as Ms Khan and the need for a 
clear discharge plan to be in place that was understood by all 
those involved in a patient’s care including her family and mental 
health care workers. 

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I 
believe you have the power to take such action.  

7  YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date 
of this report, namely by 25th March 2024. I, the coroner, may extend the 
period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be 
taken, setting out the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain 
why no action is proposed. 

8  COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following 
Interested Persons namely 1) Mrs Khan on behalf of the Family; 2) 
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust and; 3) 
Southern Hill Hospital, who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your 
response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted 
or summary form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who 
he believes may find it useful or of interest. You may make 
representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your response, about 
the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

9  Alison Mutch 

HM Senior Coroner 

29.01.2024 

3

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Department of Health and Social Care (PDF)
From Minister Caulfield MP 
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Mental Health and Women's Health Strategy 

39 Victoria Street 
London 
SW1H 0EU 

18 April 2024 

Alison Mutch 
HM Senior Coroner 
for the coroner area of South Manchester Area Coroner 

Dear Ms Mutch  

Thank you for your Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths dated 29 January 2024 about 
the death of Shahzadi Khan.  I am replying as Minister with responsibility for Mental Health 
and Womens Strategy.      

Firstly,  I  would  like to  say  how  saddened  I  was  to  read  of the  circumstances of Ms  Khan’s 
death, and I offer my sincere condolences to her family and loved ones.  The circumstances 
your report describes are very concerning and I am grateful to you for bringing these matters 
to my attention. Please also accept my sincere apologies for the delay in responding to this 
matter. 

The report raises the concerns about: 

-  how  a  how  a  shortage  of  mental  health  beds  nationally  can  lead  to  patients  being 
placed far from home, impacting their care and increasing risks. Key issues include 
families  not  being  able  to  stay  in  contact  or  visit.  Difficulties  in  communication  and 
sharing  information  between  patients,  families,  and  clinicians,  especially  when  non-
NHS  or  out-of-trust  beds  were  used.  Additionally,  out-of-area  trusts  and  private 
providers lacked familiarity with local discharge support arrangements, resulting in less 
effective communication and coordination.  

-  The inquest heard that due to its size the mental health trust covers a number of areas. 
Each  area  has  its  own  systems  and  pathways.  Lack  of  understanding  of  these 
pathways by coordinating teams meant that patients were not being moved onto the 
correct pathway for care. The inquest heard that this was compounded by a lack of 
awareness by the Trafford HBTT of the local pathway for a patient such as Ms Khan 
and the need for a clear discharge plan to be in place that was understood by all those 
involved in a patient’s care including her family and mental health care workers.  
-  There was evidence from Ms Khan’s family that her deterioration was in part due to 
her going through the menopause and that had there been better awareness of this as 
a factor in mental health deterioration for  some women and better support in place, 
interventions could have taken place at an earlier stage and been more effective. 

In preparing this response, Departmental officials have made enquiries with NHS England and 
the Care Quality Commission.  

To improve the issue of out of area placements, and to support adult social care and 
discharge, up to £2.8 billion has been made available in 2023/24 and £4.7 billion in 2024/25. 
This can be used to support discharge from mental health inpatient settings, reducing bed 
occupancy and OAPs. The Department has been working with NHS England and other 

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 partners to develop statutory guidance for discharge from all mental health inpatient settings. 
This was published on 26 January 2024, setting out how NHS bodies and local authorities 
can work together to support the discharge process, improving flow and ensuring the right 
support in the community. Private companies have always played a role in the NHS, and 
patients should expect a safe and good quality service regardless of whether their care is 
delivered by independent sector or public sector providers. All providers, whether 
independent or NHS, must register with the Care Quality Commission and follow a set of 
fundamental standards of safety and quality below which care should never fall. 

We have also made specific enquiries at local level. Up until September 2022 Greater 
Manchester had very low numbers of reportable out of area placements. They then 
experienced a gradual increase. The management of contracted independent sector 
provision and out of area placements is managed by the North-West Bed Bureau.  Following 
the increase in reportable out of area placements the capacity within the North-West Bed 
Bureau was strengthened. Practitioners were allocated to specific providers which enabled 
them to develop better relationships- within this was included in person visits to better 
understand the settings they were placing patients in.  There were always strong processes 
in place for patients placed within Greater Manchester but in a different local authority to the 
one in which they resided. These processes and policies have been reviewed and 
strengthened to ensure the same rigor and oversight is in place for those patients who are 
placed outside of Greater Manchester.  There is a weekly meeting at NHSGM ICB level 
(Multi Agency Discharge Event) about out of area placements ensuring that as an ICB, they   
have real grip and control. There is also a trajectory of improvement in place with their NHS 
Trusts to reduce the number of out of area placements 

To raise awareness of menopause for healthcare staff including the effect of menopause on 
mental health, funding has been given to Mind in Greater Manchester (this is a partnership 
of five local Minds working together to ensure people experience better mental health and to 
support people with their mental health to live well and feel valued in their communities and 
at work).  The funding will: 

•  Enable local Minds to provide free training to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s), 
that have less than 250 employees and may not have the funding to access such 
training, to raise awareness of menopause to both managers and colleagues 
•  Fund free mindfulness and relaxation for menopause courses. These courses 
support individuals in learning mindfulness and meditation to give them greater 
capacity to manage the emotional and physical impacts of menopause and to 
improve their mental health. 

•  Delivery of free, culturally appropriate and specific menopause awareness sessions 

in different communities across Greater Manchester delivering in a range of 
multicultural languages and providing in-depth understanding of symptoms and what 
help is accessible 

Greater Manchester has also provided a free access to menopause resource for anyone 
working in health and care in the city region. It is hoped that this course will help form part of 
a wider cultural change that leads to better support for people going through the 
menopause, whilst also helping individuals understand the challenges and how to get the 
right help.  

I hope this response is helpful. Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention. 

Best Wishes,  

 
 
 
 
 MARIA CAULFIELD

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