Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2024

Brian James

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0064, written 7 Feb 2024. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report7 Feb 2024
Reference2024-0064
DeceasedBrian James
CoronerPatricia Morgan
Coroner areaSouth Wales Central
CategoryEmergency services related deaths (2019 onwards) · Wales prevention of future deaths reports (2019 onwards)
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

GRAEME HUGHES 

HIS MAJESTY’S 
SENIOR CORONER 

SOUTH WALES CENTRAL 
CORONER AREA  

CORONER’S OFFICE 

THE OLD COURTHOUSE 

COURTHOUSE STREET 

PONTYPRIDD 
CF37 1JW 

ANNEX A 

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS (1) 

NOTE: This form is to be used after an inquest. 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO:  

WELSH AMBULANCE SERVICE NHS TRUST 

1 

2 

CORONER 

I am Patricia Morgan Area Coroner, for the coroner area of South Wales Central. 

CORONER’S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7, Schedule 5, of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 
and regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013. 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On 5 November 2021 I commenced an investigation into the death of Brian JAMES . The 
investigation concluded at the end of the inquest on 11/01/2024. The conclusion of the 
inquest was  Mr James died following a fall at his home. A delay in ambulance response 
and admission may have affected the treatment available to Mr James. 

3 

 Medical Cause of Death:- 

1a   Cerebral Haemorrhage Following Fall 

1b    

1c    

 II 

Coroner’s Office, The Old Courthouse, Courthouse Street, Pontypridd, CF37 1JW 

 
 
       
 
 CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

These were recorded as :- 

4 

5 

Brian JAMES aged 91 years suffered a Cerebral haemorrhage following fall at home. He 
lived at home with his brother. He got up in the night to pass water due to his overactive 
bladder and fell out of bed. He hit his head ( suffered abrasion) he did not lose 
consciousness and was alert and talking when police and fire came to assist as his 
brother could not get him back into bed. Ambulance was contacted however there was a 
delay of around 9 hours until their arrival.  
Ambulance crew came to do a courtesy visit the following morning and he was found in 
bed GCS 3 and covered in his own vomit. CT head showed cerebral haemorrhage.  
CT head findings discussed with neurosurgeons who said this man would not be for 
surgical intervention  
He sadly passed away in hospital on 1st November 2021.  

The Inquest focused upon:- 

(i) The events of 30 October 2021 and leading to admission 

(ii) whether any delay in admission to hospital and medical treatment was causative 
(more than minimally contributory) to death.  

CORONER’S CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. In 
my opinion there is a risk that future deaths will occur unless action is taken. In the 
circumstances it is my statutory duty to report to you. 

The MATTERS OF CONCERN are as follows.  

(1)   A script used by Operators within WAST as part of the Clinical Safety Plan inform 
callers not to call back for an estimated time of arrival of the ambulance. They are told to 
only call back if there is a deterioration in the patient’s condition.   

(2)  During periods of a delayed response from an ambulance, WAST best practice is for 
an Operator to maintain regular contact with callers to assess any change in their 
condition. During periods of excessive demand, it is considered that this is not always 
achievable, and therefore Welfare calls are prioritised to callers considered vulnerable. 

(3) There may be a risk that callers do not understand the instruction to only call back if 
there is a deterioration, and/or may not recognise a deterioration, and feel they cannot 
call WAST again. There is a further risk that unless regular welfare calls are made during 
periods of delayed response, there is a missed opportunity to properly re-assess and re-
grade the response to a call by WAST.   

6  ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

Coroner’s Office, The Old Courthouse, Courthouse Street, Pontypridd, CF37 1JW 

       
 
 
 In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and I believe you and your 
organisation have the power to take such action. 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to respond to this report within 56 days of the date of this report, 
namely by 4 April 2024.  I, the Coroner, may extend the period. 

Your response must contain details of action taken or proposed to be taken, setting out 
the timetable for action. Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

COPIES and PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to family who may find it useful or of interest. 

I am also under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of your response.  

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in a complete or redacted or summary 
form. He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it useful 
or of interest. You may make representations to me, the coroner, at the time of your 
response, about the release or the publication of your response by the Chief Coroner. 

 7 February 2024 

SIGNED:  

Patricia Morgan Area Coroner for South Wales Central Coroner Area 

7 

8 

9 

Coroner’s Office, The Old Courthouse, Courthouse Street, Pontypridd, CF37 1JW

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Welsh Ambulance Service (PDF)
Cadeirydd 

Prif Weithredwr 

Swyddfa'r Prif Weithredwr a’r Cadeirydd  

Chair and Chief Executive’s Office 

Our Ref:  ID 343 

4 April 2024 

PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL 
Patricia Morgan 
Area Coroner for South Wales Central 
By e-mail only: 

Dear Ms Morgan 

Re:  Mr Brian James 

I  am  writing  in  response  to  the  Prevention  of  Future  Deaths  Report  issued  to  this  Trust  on  7 
February 2024, following the Inquest. 

The matters of concern that you have asked the Trust to consider are:- 

1.  A script used by Operators within WAST as part of the Clinical Safety Plan inform callers 
not to call back for an estimated time of arrival of the ambulance. They are told to only 
call back if there is a deterioration in the patient’s condition.  

The  current  Emergency  Medical  Dispatcher  call  script  within  the  Clinical  Safety  Plan  (in 
escalation) informs the patient/caller not to call back to check the estimated arrival time of 
the ambulance. Prior to this and as part of Medical Priority Dispatch System, a first party caller 
(a  patient  caller)  is  informed  ‘If  anything  changes,  call  us  back  immediately  for  further 
instructions’ and a second party caller (not a patient caller) is instructed ‘if s/he gets worse in 
any way, call us back immediately for further instructions. 

Mae’r Ymddiriedolaeth yn croesawu gohebiaeth yn y Gymraeg 
neu’r Saesneg, ac na fydd gohebu yn Gymraeg yn arwain at oedi 

The Trust welcomes correspondence in Welsh or English, and 
that corresponding in Welsh will not lead to a delay 

www.ambulance.nhs.wales 

Anfonwch unrhyw 
ohebiaeth i'r cyfeiriad 
canlynol:- 

Please forward any 
correspondence to the 
following address:-  

Beacon House 
William Brown Close  
Llantarnam  
Cwmbran NP44 3AB 
Ffôn/Tel  
01633 626262 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The Clinical Safety Plan is currently being reviewed. As part of this review, the Emergency 
Medical Dispatcher call script in escalation is being changed and the instruction not to 
call back to check the estimated arrival time of the ambulance is being removed. Instead, 
the caller will be reminded to call back if anything changes/they get worse. The review is 
currently in progress and the document needs to go through the relevant governance for 
internal approvals. 

2. During periods of a delayed response from an ambulance, WAST best practice is for an 
Operator  to  maintain  regular  contact  with  callers  to  assess  any  change  in  their 
condition. During periods of excessive demand, it is considered that this is not always 
achievable, and therefore Welfare calls are prioritised to callers considered vulnerable.  

The Managing Delayed Response Standard Operating Procedure sets out a process to 
undertake welfare calls for those patients who are waiting a prolonged time for a response 
due to high demand. It is identified that it is best practice to maintain regular contact with 
patients who are experiencing a protracted response, but it is recognised that there may 
be limited capacity to undertake welfare calls due to high demand. Call takers’ priority is 
to  take  incoming  emergency  calls  to  identify  patients  who  are  sickest  to  ensure  an 
appropriate  response.  Where  capacity  issues  mean  that  a  welfare  call  cannot  be 
undertaken, this is documented within the incident. Callers are instructed to call back if 
anything changes/they get worse as covered in the above point. 

Emergency  Medical  Service  Coordination  is  currently  in  the  process  of  undergoing  a 
restructure which will include a support role for dispatch. Whilst job descriptions, roles 
and responsibilities are yet to be confirmed, undertaking welfare calls will form  part of 
the day-to-day responsibilities of this role. Additionally, the Trust is exploring new ways 
using  technology  to  ensure  the  provision  of  welfare  calls  to  patients  waiting  in  the 
community and is liaising with other UK ambulance trusts to understand if there are any 
different processes in place which would be suitable for this Trust’s development and use. 

3. There may be a risk that callers do not understand the instruction to only call back if 
there is a deterioration, and/or may not recognise a deterioration, and feel they cannot 
call WAST again. There is a further risk that unless regular welfare calls are made during 
periods of delayed response, there is a missed opportunity to properly re-assess and re-
grade the response to a call by WAST. 

Please see the responses above 

I hope that the above responses fully address the concerns that you have raised, please do not 
hesitate to contact me should you require any further clarity.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 May I also take this opportunity to again offer my sincere condolences to Mr James’s family on 
their sad loss.  

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive 

3

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