Prevention of Future Deaths reports · 2017

Rachel Edwards

Regulation 28 report to prevent future deaths, reference 2024-0220, written 27 Feb 2017. A coroner writes one of these when an inquest reveals a risk that could cause further deaths unless something changes.

Date of report27 Feb 2017
Reference2024-0220
DeceasedRachel Edwards
CoronerNigel Parsley
Coroner areaSuffolk
CategoryAlcohol, drug and medication related deaths
Organisation namedNorfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust
Sourcejudiciary.uk record · original PDF
Responses published1

The report

Text extracted from the PDF text layer. Reproduced verbatim, including the scan's own layout.

REGULATION 28:  REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE DEATHS ( 1) 

REGULATION 28 REPORT TO PREVENT FUTURE OEATHS 

THIS REPORT IS BEING SENT TO: 

, Chief Executive, Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, 

1 

CORONER 

I am Nigel Parsley, Area Coroner, for the coroner area of Suffolk, 

2 

CORONER'S LEGAL POWERS 

I make this report under paragraph 7,  Schedule 6,  of the Coroners and Justice Act 
2009 and Regulations 28 and 29 of the Coroners (Investigations) Regulations 2013, 

3 

INVESTIGATION and INQUEST 

On  151h May 2017 I commenced an investigation into the death of Rachel Holly 
Edwards. 

The lnvesffgation concluded at the end of the Inquest on 221><l  February 2018, The 
conclusion of the Inquest was that 

Rachel Edwards died as the  result of an overdose of her prescription medicines 
following a seven-year period of suffering from severe and unbearable pain, the result 
of injuries sustained in a fall from  height in 2009. 

The medical cause of death was confirmed as: 

1(a) Over dose of multiple drugs. 

4  CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE DEATH 

Rachel died on  the 8th May 2017as the result of an over dose of multiple prescription 
medicines at her home address 

,  Suffolk. 

A concerned friend had been unable to contact her when visiting  Rachel's home and 
had called her family.  Rachel's father Chris arrived al a short while later with a spare 
key to the property, entered and subsequently found his daughter fully clothed but 
unresponsive in the bath. 

The emergency services were called and  upon arrival of a paramedic Rachel's death 
was recognised at 08.39 on the  81h May 2017. 

5 

CORONER'S.CONCERNS 

During the course of the inquest the evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern. 
In my opinion there Is a risk that future deaths could  occur unless action is taken.  In 
the circumstances it is my statutoiy duty to report to you; 

the MATTERS OF CONCERN as follows:-

Prior lo Rachel's death, on the 61h March 2017 she was  informally admitted to the 
Woodlands mental health ward In Ipswich following  a significant overdose she had 
taken  on the 3"' March 2017. 

I 

I 
I 
I 
I 

 Rachel told the admitting doctor that the overdose consisted  of
types of medication taken impulsively due to ongoing pain,  lack of sleep and being 
discharged from a pain  clinic that had offered hope of a trial  surgical implant to 
manage her pain. 

 tablets of various 

It is clear from the evidence presented that Rachel's low mood  and feeling of 
'hopelessness' was  directly linked to the constant pain  she was suffering. Witnesses 
also described that Rachel's low mood and  feelings of hopelessness were 
compounded  when  she received  negative news regarding  her pain management This 
was not isolated to the incident noted above but was a feature of Rachel's 
presentation known  by her family,  care co-ordinator and treating  mental health care 
professionals. 

Rachel was discharged from Woodlands on  the 29th  March 2017.  Evidence was put 
forward  regarding  Rachel's (and  her family's) belief she was being  discharged  too 
soon and would not be safe at home.  This evidence was considered in depth and 
based on that evidence Rachel's actual discharge date is  not the subject of this  report 
to  prevent future deaths. 

However, two issues of concern  surrounding  Rachel's discharge and  her subsequent 
treatment in the community were identified during the  inquest 

The first concern regards the prescription of discharge medication,  sharing that 
information with the GP  and record  keeping. 

It was  known  that Rachel was at risk of stockpiling  medication as in the Serious 
Incident Requiring Investigation (SIRI)  report it is noted that a request made on  the 7th 
March 2017 by her treating doctor, for the disposal of her stocks of medication  had 
not been  actioned. 

Further,  Rachel's care co-ordinator specifically recalled asking Rachel if she had 
stockpiled any medication after her discharge on the 29th  March  2017, as he had 
identified this to be a risk. 

It is therefore  a concern that according to  Rachel's notes that on the day of her 
discharge she was supplied with  14 days of medication. This was described in 
evidence as 'standard practice'. 

That said,  some consideration appears to have been given to the quantity of some 
medication issued,  as on closer inspection of the notes it was identified that 
specifically in  relation to Tramadol Rachel had been  prescribed this for only a 7-day 
period. 

However, there was no clear record within the notes if her other medication had 
actually been  issued in  7 or 14 days amounts. 

Such confusion over the actual quantities of medication Issued and the apparent 
issuing of 14 days supply of medicines to a patient who  is known to have previously 
stockpiled medication, with  a view to self-harm,  is of obvious concern. 

Also of concern was evidence given by a senior consultant that there is no automated 
notification to a patient's GP of the type and amounts of prescription medicines issued 
to a patient upon discharge from Woodlands. Obviously,  it is crucial that this 
information is readily available to a GP in all cases,  to ensure that the over-
prescription of medicines to  a recently discharged patient does not occur.  Evidence 
was heard that in  order for Woodlands to notify a GP it is necessary for a staff 
member to e-mail the relevant practice,  providing details of the prescriptions that had 
been made. This Information would  then  have to be subsequently included in  the 
patient's local record  before It was available to  the treatina GP. Obviouslv. anv svstem 

 requiring  such physical human input can  be prone to failure and  in  the consultant's 
own words  it was a recognised 'point of weakness in the system' 

Secondly,  it was  a known that the arrival of disappointing news regarding  her pain 
management treatment was a clear stressor to Rachel  and that such news 
significantly increased her sense of hopelessness. 

Despite this being known  there was no  'patient advocate' or other similar service in 
place to  act as filter and  alert those providing support to  prepare for the  increased 
feeling of hopelessness that would clearly follow such  news. 

Further,  dealing with the large quantity of correspondence generated by her various 
treatment regimes and  trying to de-conflict and re-schedule multiple appointments 
also left Rachel feeling  overwhelmed, again  adding to  her sense of hopelessness. 
Again,  no effective patient advocate system was in  place to support her with this. 

During  the inquest an  example of the good use of a 'patient advocate' scheme was 
heard,  but this advocate was in  place by virtue of the initiative of a local mental  health 
practitioner.  As such it was identified that although a 'patient advocate' could  provide 
the support needed when appropriate, there is no formal system  in  place for an 
advocate to be appointed  in other cases when  it could  prove beneficial. 

6 

ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN 

In my opinion action should be taken to prevent future deaths and  I believe you or 
your organisation have the power to take such action. 

7 

YOUR RESPONSE 

You are under a duty to  respond to this report within  56 days of the date of this  report, 
namely by 24th April 2018.  I,  the Area Coroner,  may extend the period if I consider it 
reasonable to do so. 

Your response must contain details of action taken  or proposed to be taken,  setting 
out the timetable for action.  Otherwise you must explain why no action is proposed. 

8 

COPIES and  PUBLICATION 

I have sent a copy of my report to the Chief Coroner and to the following  Interested 
Person, 

I am under a duty to send the Chief Coroner a copy of yo.ur response. 

The Chief Coroner may publish either or both in  a complete or redacted or summary 
form.  He may send a copy of this report to any person who he believes may find it 
useful or of interest. You may make representations to  me, the Area Coroner, at the 
time of your response,  about the release or the  publication of your response  by  the 
Chief Coroner. 

9 

27th February 2017 

Nigel Parsley

Responses

1 response published against this report on judiciary.uk. A response is a body's written reply to the coroner's concerns; publication is at the discretion of the Chief Coroner's office, so an absent response does not mean nobody replied.

Response from Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust (PDF)
2 7 APR  2018 

r~1:k1 

Norfolk and  Suffolk 
NHS  Foundation Trust 

Trust Management 
1st Floor Admin 
Hellesdon Hospital 
Drayton High Road 
Hellesdon 
Norwich 
NR6 5BE 

23 April 2018 

Private and Confidential 
Mr Nigel Parsley 
HM Area Coroner for Suffolk 
The Suffolk Coroner's Service 
Beacon House 
White House Road 
Ipswich 
Suffolk 
IP1  5PB 

Dear Mr Parsley 

Re:  Regulation 28 report following the inquest of Ms Rachel Edwards 

I  write  in  response  to  your  report  dated  27  February  2018.  Under  paragraph  7,  Schedule  5,  of the 
Coroners and Justice Act 2009 and  regulations  28 and  29 of the Coroners  (Investigations)  Regulations 
2013 you requested the Trust consider issues of service delivery following the conclusion of the inquest 
into the sad death of Ms Edwards. 

I will address the matters you raised  in the order received: 

Medication on  discharge from  hospital 

You raised the  matter that Ms Edwards had  a known  risk of stockpiling medication. Despite this risk she 
was  discharged  from  hospital  with  14  days  of  medication,  referred  to  at  the  inquest  as  standard 
practice.  You  explained  further  examination  identified that the  prescription  for Tramadol  was given for 
seven  days  indicating  there  had  been  some  assessment  of  risk.  The  records  were  not  clear  what 
numbers had been given for each  medication.  You were concerned that individual consideration of the 
service user's needs and risks may not be consistent. 

Discharge from  hospital is  a known  period  of opportunity and risk for services users. It can  represent a 
sign  of the  individual's  recovery  whilst  also  presenting  new  challenges.  Each  service  user's  journey 
through this period is different and requires a responsive individualised approach from the care team. 

The  Trust  will  make  an  assessment  of  the  medications  prescribed  upon  discharge  and  this 
consideration will continue across the Trust.  In the majority of situations an  individual's recovery into the 
community is supported by a period of care with the Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment team. 

Separate  but  linked,  the  Trust  has  completed  some  exploratory  work  on  examining  deaths  of  our 
service  users  where  prescribed  medication  is  listed  within  the  cause  of  death.  This  has  shown  that 
opioid  medication  has  the  highest  prevalence,  matching  the  national  picture.  The  Trust  supports  the 
work of Public  Health England  and  the  Faculty of Pain  Medicine  in  raising  awareness of opioids , their 
benefits  and  uses,  but  also  the  risks  associated  with  them.  The  Trust  has  raised  the  learning  of the 
prevalence  of opioids  as  a  cause  of death  with  its  staff through  its  safety  together  newsletter and  is 
completing  a further thematic review of the  deaths,  in  order to identify what additional  learning  may be 
made. This is being presented to the Trust's Mortality Review Group in May 2018. 

~,•1..Working together 
=~t- for better mental health 

Trust Headquarters: Hellesdon Hospital,  Drayton High Road , Norwich NR6 5BE 

 
 
 
 
   
 Notification to GPs of the prescribed medication upon discharge 

You  raised the matter that there was no automated notification to the service  user's GP of the type and 
amounts  of prescribed  medication  issued  at the  point  of discharge. This  information  is  crucial  to  help 
reduce  the  potential  of  over  prescribing.  You  heard  that  the  current  process  involves  human  action 
through use of emails. 

There  is  a national  programme  looking  to  build  these  electronic bridges between different elements of 
the health system. Locally, the Trust is planning the technical changes required.  At this time,  there is no 
confirmed date for completion of this work. I would  be pleased to update you on progress over time. 

Advocacy 

Your third point raised the  matter that Ms Edwards' situation was heavily influenced by the physical pain 
she  experienced.  She  received  disappointing  news  regarding  her  pain  management  treatment, 
increasing  her  sense  of  hopelessness.  You  heard  evidence  that  she  did  not  have  an  advocate  to 
support  her.  You  stated  that  advocacy  services  provide support to  people  in  need and  that we  should 
consider establishing a formal system for an  advocate to be appointed, where this may be beneficial. 

The  Trust  supports  the  significant  and  valuable  role  that  advocacy  services  provide.  The  Trust  is 
established  in  working  with  advocacy  services  as  part  of  statutory  frameworks,  such  as  the  Mental 
Health  Act,  Mental  Capacity  Act  and  complaints  regulations.  Equally,  the  Trust  works  with  advocacy 
services  where  this  has  been  requested  by  the  service  user  to  support  the  best  possible  forms  of 
communication  and  collaboration.  Such services are not commissioned  by the Trust and  the  process to 
access  such  are  either  through  service  user  consent  or  under  the  guidance  of  the  above  named 
frameworks. The Trust will  register this matter with its commissioners. 

Thank  you  for  raising  these  matters.  If I  can  be  of  any  further  assistance  please  do  not  hesitate  to 
contact me. 

Yours sincerely 

Chief Executive 

~:-•-_4) Working together 
=f'~""'  for better mental health 

Trust Headquarters: Hellesdon Hospital,  Drayton High Road,  Norwich NR6 5BE 

  www.nsft.nhs.uk

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